21st Century Reviewer: Literary Works and Authors in Visayas and Mindanao PDF

**21st Century Reviewer** **Literary works and authors in Visayas** **and Mindanao** **FORMALISM** FORMALISM **Formalism** -Focuses in the work itself and disregard anything else **Visayas** -The call to write in mother tongue has been the **battle cry of many writers** from the regions rela...

**21st Century Reviewer** **Literary works and authors in Visayas** **and Mindanao** **FORMALISM** FORMALISM **Formalism** -Focuses in the work itself and disregard anything else **Visayas** -The call to write in mother tongue has been the **battle cry of many writers** from the regions relative to acknowledging regional and local languages Literature from Visayas is **known to have hybrid forms** especially in their romance novels **Merlie M. Alunan** **-Old Women In Our Village** born in Dingle, Iloilo and graduated with a Creative Writing degree from Siliman University **Manuel Arguilla** **-\"How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife\",** which received first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940. **-Morning in Nagrebcan** **Mindanao** **-**Being the only island of the Philippines where majority is non-Christian, ignorance among Christians, discrimination, and distortion are mostly felt by Muslim people. **Gutierrez Mangansakan II** **-A Harvest of Sorrows** **Aida Rivera-Ford** **-"Love in the Cornhusks".** **LITERARY READING** -readers engage with the text to become involved. **LITERARY READING THROUGH A LINGUISTIC CONTEXT** **-**refers to the words and sentences in a piece to determine its meaning -focuses on the language used in the literary work and how it is used to convey meaning. **PHONEMIC PATTERN:** common letter combinations found in words with often predictable relationships to spoken sounds. Why do we need to read through a linguistic context? -To understand better **FORMAL PROPERTIES** -Meaning of the words -Structure of the text -Harmony of the words -The rhythm of the sentences -Rhyming of the words -Meaning of the text as a whole **LITERARY READING THROUGH A SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT** **-**examines the factors that affect the writing and how it was received by the readers. Why do we need to read through a socio-cultural context? -To understand better **Marxism** -it looks into the social classes portrayed in the work. -It also examines oppression, social conflicts, and solution to these struggles as shown in the literary work. **Feminism** -examines the role of women in literature. -It looks into how the female character may be empowered or discriminated against. **CONVENTIONAL LITERARY GENRES** **Poetry** -appeal to the reader's emotions and imagination **Rhyme Scheme** -rhyming sequence or arrangement of sounds at the end of each line of poetry. -represented using letters **Meter** -rhythm (or pattern of beats) -number of beats and the arrangement of stressed and non-stressed syllables **1.SONNET** -It mostly consists of 14 lines. -taken from the Italian sonetto, which means "a little sound or song." **A. SONNET: TYPES** **PETRARCHAN SONNET** -Divided by two stanzas, the octave (8 lines) And followed by the sestet( the final six lines) **SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET** -following rhyme scheme across its fourteen lines -broken up into three quatrains plus a two-line coda (tail) **2. HAIKU** -A traditional form of Japanese poetry -three lines 5-7-5 and has only 5 syllables. **3.FREE VERSE** -do not follow the rules and have no rhyme or rhythm, **DRAMA** -acted on stage; a play. **TYPES OF DRAMA** **1.COMEDY** -making the audience laugh. -Some comedies aim only to create laughter whereas some aim to expose and criticize the vices and follies of the society while creating laughter. **2.TRAGEDY** -dark, like war and death, and protagonists were always burdened with a tragic flaw. **3.FARCE** -highly exaggerated and comic situations -no other aim than creating laughter. **4. MELODRAMA** **-**meant to appeal to the audience's emotions. **-**passionate and sensational, **5.MUSICAL** **-**a form of drama where music, especially singing or dancing, is used along with dialogue and acting to tell the story. **FICTION** -author\'s own imagination and tells a story that is either realistic or unrealistic. **ELEMENTS OF FICTION** **CHARACTERS** -Players within the story -The one who makes the decisions **CHARACTERS: PROTAGONISTS** -comes for the Greek word **protagonistes**, which means, \"**actor who plays the chief or first** **part.\"** **-**leading person/driving force behind a specific cause or idea. **CHARACTERS: ANTAGONISTS** -the opposite force, the one who makes the conflict that fuels the plot and creates drama. **CHARACTERS: SIDE CHARACTER** -plays a significant role in the development of the plot and the main character's journey **SETTING** -room,time of the day, day-to-day weather. **Theme** -revealed through the core conflict -refers to the philosophical questions your story explores. **POINT OF VIEW** -is the perspective from which a story is told. **PLOT** \- the events that happen within the story. \- it includes the major turning point **FREYTAG'S PYRAMID** **Exposition** **-**introduction which sets up the setting, or time and location of the story, as well as the main characters, and the atmosphere of the story. **RISING ACTION** -story builds toward its central conflict by placing obstacles in the path of the protagonists. **CLIMAX** -external factors created by the main character's Choices that will impact them. **FALLING ACTION** -the period of time in a story that follows the climax and leads to the resolution. **DENOUEMENT** -resolution, conclusion, or moment of catastrophe **NON-FICTION** **-**based on facts, actual events, or real people. -a text must be factual to be considered nonfiction. **CREATIVE NON-FICTION** **-**encompasses texts about factual events that are not solely for academic purposes. **BIOGRAPHY** -written by someone else -require a great deal of research **AUTOBIOGRAPHY** -a nonfiction story of a person's life, written from their point of view. **MEMOIR** -a narrative, written from the perspective of the author, about an important part of their life. **ESSAY** -a piece of writing that gives the author\'s own argument. -could be from research or personal experience **SELF-HELP BOOKS** -one that is written with the intention to instruct its readers on solving personal problems. -could include advice and quotes. **Figures of Speech** -a deviation from the ordinary use of words in order to increase their effectiveness. -a form of figurative language that uses play of words to convey the meaning other than the literal meaning. **Figurative Language** -a form of expression that uses nonliteral meanings to convey a more abstract meaning or message. **Alliteration** -is the repeating of consonant sounds right next to each other, which creates a memorable or melodic effect. -Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. **Euphemism** -is a way to say something in an understated manner, often to avoid difficult or sensitive topics like death -The company decided to let you go - You are fired. **Hyperbole** -is a deliberate exaggeration that adds emphasis, urgency, or excitement to a statement. **-**I'd move mountains for her. **Irony** -is used to express an intended meaning by using language that conveys the opposite meaning when taken literally. -My fish drowned in my aquarium. **Litotes** -uses double negative to express a positive. It soften a statement to avoid an issue or create a humorous understatement. -It's not that bad. **Metaphor** -is the direct comparison of dissimilar things -Their bedroom is a pigsty! **Onomatopoeia** **-**the practice of naming something based on a phonetic (spoken) imitation of a sound associated with it. -The cat meowed for some milk. **Oxymoron** -two contradictory words to create a new meaning. -Finally, we are alone together. **Paradox** **-**is a statement or concept that contradicts itself or is opposed to common sense. -Failure is the key to success. **Personification** -assigning human attributes to nonhuman Things. -Ocean waves kissed the shore. **Simile** **-**compares two dissimilar things using "like" or "as." -She is as hot as the sun.