Health Science 130 Final PDF

Health Science 130 Final EPIDEMIOLOGY Formula of Prevalence? = Total number of cases / Population at point in time What is Cumulative Incidence? Formula? The proportions of a population who become diseased during a specific time period. = New cases in time period / Population at risk at beginn...

Health Science 130 Final EPIDEMIOLOGY Formula of Prevalence? = Total number of cases / Population at point in time What is Cumulative Incidence? Formula? The proportions of a population who become diseased during a specific time period. = New cases in time period / Population at risk at beginning of period What is another word for Attack Rate? Cumulative Incidence What is Incidence Rate? Formula? Number of new cases / Person time of observation What is sensitivity and specificity? How do you calculate it? It is important to improve the sensitivity of TB to decrease false negatives. To increase sensitivity, false negatives have to go down. Formula: a / a+c It is important to improve the specificity of TB to decrease false positives. To increase specificity, false positives have to go down. Formula: d / b+d Test Results Present Not Present Total + T+ a F+ b - F- c T- d Total The people who truly have a disease but test negative on a particular test. False negatives. What is the prevention paradox? - MCQ The majority of cases come from those who are at low risk, and the minority of cases come from those who are at high risk. However, a lot of attention, money, and resources are being put toward those at high risk. To protect more people from getting ill, we should prioritize the whole population and not just those who are at high risk. When was the first HIV/AIDS journal released? The first HIV/AIDS journal was released in 1981. It was called pneumocystis pneumonia. What was the first HIV vaccine to show success? RV-144 was the first HIV vaccine to show success. Which cells does HIV target? HIV attacks and kills CD4 T-cells, rendering the entire immune system dysfunctional. What are antibodies? Antibodies neutralize pathogens and tag them for destruction by the immune system. In which type of study design is exposure randomized? Randomized Control Trials What is a randomized control trial? When people are randomly allocated to either be exposed or not exposed to assess the impact. What is a case control? Finds risk factors for a disease by comparing people with the disease to those without it. This type of study helped epidemiologists discover that TSS (toxic shock syndrome) was caused by tampons. This type of study that helped epidemiologists discover that TSS was caused by tampons. Case-Control Study What is a prospective cohort? Follows a group of people over time to see if certain factors lead to a particular disease. Who is the famous epidemiologist who discovered the cholera outbreak in London? John Snow What is the name of the rock star who convinced Senator Jesse Helms to change his position on AIDS funding? Bono What is the estimated number of people living with HIV today? 39 million people What is the number of children