World Issues Unit 2 Test PDF

WORLD ISSUES UNIT 2 TEST What is a theocracy? - A form of government in which a deity is officially recognized as the civil ruler and the policy is governed by this official as divinely guided - Come from the greek meaning “Rule of god” - God himself is recognized as the head of the sta...

WORLD ISSUES UNIT 2 TEST What is a theocracy? - A form of government in which a deity is officially recognized as the civil ruler and the policy is governed by this official as divinely guided - Come from the greek meaning “Rule of god” - God himself is recognized as the head of the state - It may have 2 arms but with the state administrative hierarchy subordinate to the religious hierarchy - So the government serves the deity and not the people - In the modern world, theocratic states are thought to be less evolved and more backward than a modern democracy What is Islamism? - A political ideology based on islamic values - Creation of islamic states - Muslim nations should look to their religion for political answer - It is a return to the governing principles of the leaders of great islamic empires - Strict and conservative beliefs - Implementation of sharia - Violence is justified to enforced their beliefs - Rejection of non islamic influences - Islamism, emerged as a distinct movement in the 20th century partly in response to western colonialism, secular nationalism and perceived moral decay on muslim majority societies What are the Key Beliefs? - The belief that islam should guide social and political as well as person life including dress codes, gender roles and personal behavior - The islamic ideology that guides society as a whole and that teaches law must be in conformity with islamic sharia movement to revive the faith and returns to pure islam - Preserve the muslim culture - no westernization - Need to unite all muslims as an empire - Islamists simply believe that their movement is either a corrected version or a revival of islam Role of Women in this Belief? - Islamist interpretations calls for punishment for women who do not follow specific dress codes, limit women's right to work or study or enforce gender- segregation spaces rigidly The Factors of Armed Conflict – causes of war and the cases learned - Economic Factors: When one country seeks to take control of another's wealth resources - Religious/Cultural Factors: When a particular Groups is targeted for its religious beliefs or cultural differences - Political Factors: When a nation’s political interest differs with that of other nations or even within nations as to who should be the leader - Ideological Factor: When a war of ideas or ideologies exists - Territorial Factors: When a country wishes to gain more land - Revenge Factors: When there is a desire to seek revenge on another nation for an act that has already happened - Civil Factors: A war that occurs between citizens of the same country based on their disagreements What is Hamas? - Hamas, the Islamic Resistance Movement, is a Palestinian Islamist political and military organization governing the Gaza Strip of the Palestinian territories - Hamas’s ideology combines Palestinian nationalism with Islamic fundamentalism - It was founded in 1987 and is violently committed to armed resistance against Israel’s military occupation of Gaza and the West Bank - It governs more than 2 million Palestinians in the Gaza Strip - In 1988, Hamas published its charter which has invoked militant interpretations of Islam to spearhead an extremist movement committed to destroying Israel - In 2006, Hamas ran openly for the first time in legislative elections and won the largest number of seats and called for the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic society in historic Palestine - Hamas has a host of leadership bodies that perform various political, military, and social functions - General policy is set by an overarching consultative body which operates in exile (leader is in Qatar). Local committees manage grassroots issues in Gaza What Is The Reason Why Hamas Attacked Israel? - Hamas officials have stated that the attack was a response to the Israeli occupation, blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israeli settler violence against Palestinians, restrictions on the movement of Palestinians, and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians who Hamas sought to release by taking Israeli hostages Has Israel Ever Faced this Kind of Attack?  - 2006 Hezbollah Conflict hezbollah, a militant group based in Lebanon, launched rockets and cross-border raids, leading to the 34-day Second Lebanon War. Northern Israel faced heavy bombardment. - 2014 Gaza Conflict (Operation Protective Edge): Hamas fired thousands of rockets into Israel, combined with tunnel infiltrations. Israel responded with airstrikes and a ground offensive. What is Iran’s Role in this War? - Today, Iran is one of Hamas’s biggest benefactors, contributing funds, weapons, and training. Turkey has been another stalwart backer of Hamas—and a critic of Israel Israel’s retaliation - Since the start of the Israeli invasion, more than 40,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed, of whom 52% of those identified were women and children - Gaza is completely destroyed: homes, nature, schools & universities, cultural landmarks, cemeteries Consequences if War Continues What did Russia do in 2014 ? - The Russians have occupied/annexed Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula, that is adjacent the Donbas, since 2014 - Much of the Donbas was controlled by Russian-backed sympathizers even before the invasion Putin’s reasons for invasion - The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was driven by a combination of - 1. geopolitical - 2. ideological - 3. Security-related motivations. Why does Putin believe Ukraine should be Russian ? Why does he feel that they are one people? - Putin has repeatedly claimed that Ukraine and Russia share historical and cultural unity - He has argued that Ukraine is an “artificial state” and part of the “Russian world,” justifying interference in its sovereignty - Putin has made several historical arguments, most notably in his 5,000 word essay “on the historical unity of Russians and Ukrainians,” published in July 2021 - In it, he elaborates on his assertion that Ukrainians and Russians are one people as a precursor to and defense of Ukraines invasion Why does Russia feel Ukraine is an artificial state - Russia feels Ukraine is an artificial state because of historical ties and territorial claims What is NATO? How does Putin feel about it - NATO stand for the North Atlantic treaty organization - NATO’S primary purpose was to block expansion in Europe by the Soviet Union - a group of communist republics which included Russia - Russia has long viewed NATO’S expansion into Eastern Europe as a direct threat to its security. Moscow claims that Ukraines potential membership in NATO would being western military infrastructure to its borders 9/11 in the USA Which were targets and why - Twin towers (world trade centers) and the pentagon - Terrorists wanted to strike at heart of the superpower - They were chosen for their symbolic value - The world trade centre is the symbol of US economic might and the US led globalization - The pentagon and the White House are the symbols of the US political and military power - The terrorists purpose was to strike at the heart, to hurt or kill as many people as possible and create a general fear and sense of instability Osama bin Laden – general idea of the man Why was he in Afghanistan? ○ In 1979, he joined the Afghan resistance believing it was his duty ○ In 1996, leaves Sudan and goes to Afghanistan ○ Receives protection from the Taliban which had just take over ○ Is seen as a hero because as a rich Ara from the Holy Land gave up his luxury to fight for the sake of his brother Muslims in Afghanistan Why was the Soviet Union there? ○ 1979 the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and he joins the Afghan resistance believing it was his duty ○ He mainly raised money and materials from rich Arabs to help the mujahedeen (holy warriors) fudge the Soviet invasion ○ During this time, the CIA wanted the Soviet defeat in Afghanistan and gave $$ and arms (aid) to those mujahedeen - known as Operation Cyclone  What were his reasons for attacking the USA - Presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia - U.S. support for Israel - Sanctions against Iraq - Perceived cultural and moral invasion - U.S. military presence in Muslim countries Death – where was he killed? - April 29, 2011: President Obama authorized the CIA to conduct a raid called Operation Neptune Spear on his Pakistan hideout - May 2: President announced that bin Laden had been killed in the operation - 2 teams of 12 US Navy SEALs from the Naval Special Warfare Development Team stormed the compound in 2 helicopters - Lasted 40 minutes Counter Terrorism - Counterterrorism also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques and strategies that government, law enforcement, businesses and intelligence agencies use to counter terrorism Bill C51 - An act of the parliament of Canada passed by the Harper government that broadened the authority of Canadian government agencies to share information about individuals easily What does it allow now? What powers does CSIS have under this act? - Is an act of the Parliament of Canada passed by the Harper government that broadened the authority of Canadian government agencies to share information about individuals easily - As C-51 became law, CSIS got more power to disrupt suspected terrorist plots, rather than just collecting information about them. If they have reasonable grounds to think a security threat exists, CSIS can now interfere with the travel plans and bank transactions of suspected terrorists CSIS also has the ability to ask judges for approval in cases where their measures would breach rights or freedoms otherwise protected by the law Critics worry that CSIS lacks sufficient oversight to ensure these new powers are not abused Bill C-51 is a law in Canada that helps the government fight against terrorism. ~What are some concerns regarding this?  the USA PATRIOT Act - Uniting and strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism act of 2001 What is this act and when was it enacted and what did it allow to happen - A significant piece of anti-terrorism legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorism attacks What are the criticisms of this regarding civil liberties - While intended to combat terrorism, the Patriot Act was widely criticized for its potential to infringe on privacy rights and civil liberties (Privacy concerns, freedom of speech etc) the USA Freedom Act ~What is this act and when was it enacted? - the USA Patriot act was changed to the US freedom act - It was enacted on June 2, 2015 - Reformed some provisions of the Patriot act to reduce mass surveillance while retaining tools to combat terrorism Problems with these concerning civil liberties of citizens - Despite the act’s efforts to protect civil liberties, its critics believe it doesn’t go far enough. The benefits of the Patriot Act and the USA Freedom Act to national security will undoubtedly continue to be weighed against the potential intrusion on Americans’ privacy and their civil rights