Figurative Language PDF

Figure of Speech - Figurative Language Meaning - A language that goes beyond literal meaning. It adds creativity, depth and richness to the story. It makes the story more engaging, interesting, and impactful. Literal languages are direct, simple, and plain. Types: Personification - giving human ch...

Figure of Speech - Figurative Language Meaning - A language that goes beyond literal meaning. It adds creativity, depth and richness to the story. It makes the story more engaging, interesting, and impactful. Literal languages are direct, simple, and plain. Types: Personification - giving human characteristics, traits, and abilities to non living things. Simile - comparing 2 things with like or as. Metaphor - comparing 2 things without using like or as. Onometophia - expressing sounds using words and symbols. Ex: chug,rustle,honk Idiom - are phrases that can’t be interpreted by defining the individual words. Hyperbole - gross exaggeration, overstatement, or dramatic Oxymoron - putting words that have totally different meanings together. Alliteration - repetition of the same sound or letter. Cliche - overused idea or expression. Pun - A word that has 2 or more meanings to make an alternate interpretation. Words that have similar meanings can have a humorous effect. Symbolism - A word or phrase that stands for or represents a big thing, something entirely different. Foreshadowing - Use of clues and hints to suggest what will happen later. - Build suspense Through: Dialogue, Description, Character’s reaction and attitude _________________________________________________________ Flash Back - telling the reader the background story, or an earlier event. - Memories - Dreams - story of the past told by the character - An interruption by the author What are the similarities between symbolism and metaphor? They both imply meaning from what is actually conveyed. The two figures of speech that are similar are: metaphor and simile. Part of speech: Nouns: refer to a person, place, thing, idea, or concept. - Proper noun (capitalized) (specific) - Common nouns (not capitalized) (vague) refer to general things, people, or objects. - Concrete noun (can be perceived by senses) (dog, cat) - Abstract noun - qualities and idea - Something that cannot be perceived by senses but can be experienced (happiness, peace, solitude)  - Count noun - can be counted, have plural/singular forms, and have amounts (1 cat, 2 cats, 1 dog, 2 dogs) - Non-countable nouns - cannot be counted, and do not have plural or singular forms (rain, tolerance, mud) Pronouns - replace a noun, tell us more information about the noun they refer to. - Personal pronouns - I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, you, them, they - Possessive pronoun - (does not need to be followed by noun) - yours, mine, hers, ours, hers, ours, theirs - Possessive pronouns that act as adjectives - My car needs a wash. (modifies the car) Their house is on the corner. Your idea sounds great. - Intensive and Reflective pronouns - myself, yourself, and itself (I) I myself presented it; the queen herself wrote it. (R) I brushed myself off when I fell. - Relative pronouns - who, whom, whose, that, which—provide more information about a noun, connect clauses. - Interrogative pronouns - who, whom, whose, which, and what (used to ask questions) - Demonstrative pronouns - this, that, these,those—-used to point to specific person, place, or thing. - Indefinite pronouns - all, any, anything, both, each, few, either, one, nothing, none (refer to unspecified amount or identity.) - Reciprocal pronouns - each other, one another (show mutual relationships between 2 or more people; avoid repetition). Ex: The twins helped each other. Adjectives - describe/modify noun or pronouns They answer questions like, “ Which condition? How many? What kind of? Which one? “ - Article (a, an, the) are adjectives Some pronouns: all, her, its, my, their, this and your Adverbs - modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They answer questions like “ When? Where? How? Why? Under what conditions? Verbs - describe an action - Helping verb: am, are, be, being, can, could, will, would, had, has, have, is, may, might, must, shall, was, were Prepostions - Show the relationships of words in a sentence;, show the location of an object; link clauses; and nouns within a sentence, connect ideas. Often act as an adjective or an adverb. “I looked in the book.” In Modifies look (verb) Show direction, time, place, location, and movement “ It is good to be among your friends “ (Location) “ It will take around an hour “ (Time) “ She lives with her parents “ (Location) “ We walked through the gate” (Movement) Prepositions: About, Above, Across, After, Against, Along, Among, Around, As, At, Before, Behind, Below, Beside, Between, Beyond, By, Concerning, Considering, Despite, Down, During, Except, For, From, In, Inside, Into, Like, Near, Next, Of, Off, On, Onto, Opposite, Out, Outside, Over, Past, Plus, Regarding, Respecting, Round, Since, Than, Through, Throughout, Till, To, Toward, Under, Underneath, Unlike, Until, Unto, Up, Upon, With, Within, Without Conjuctions: connect words, phrases, clauses. Ex: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So, After, Although, As, As if, Because, Before, If, Once, Since, Than, That, Though, Unless, Until, When, Where, Whether, While, Finally, Furthermore, However, Moreover, Nevertheless, Similarly, Then, Therefore,Thus Coordianting conjunctions, Subcoordinating conjunctions, Conjunctive adverbs Interjections: Express emotions and surprise Bye! duH! Hurray! Summary short version of a text Facts and Opinion A fact is a statement that can be proven true or false. They can be tested by experiments, observations, and research. (Objective) An opinion is a person’s belief, feeling or judgement. Cannot be proven true or false. Use connective words like “best” and "worst” (Subjective) Context clues: hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage to help readers understand the meanings of new and unfamiliar words. - Definition/Description clue “that is” “which means” “in other words” (commas, dashes) - Example clue “like” “such as” “for example” - Synonym clue - Antonym clue “although” “however” “but” - Mood and Tone clue - Experience clue - Structure clue - knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes - Inference clue - hints found in the text + logical knowledge to find the meaning of the unfamiliar word - Cause and Effect clue “Since” “therefore” “thus” “so” The author’s purpose: To Persuade - to agree with the writer’s point of view or take a specific action - Use emotional appeal, evidence to try to convince you on a subject or to change your preferences To Inform - to aim to provide factual information to educate the reader on a particular topic. Ex: Textbooks, newspapers To Entertain - to engage, amuse and delight the reader - Might use suspense and humor Ex: storytelling, friction Types of sentence structure: Simple sentence, Compound sentence, Complex sentence, Compound Complex sentence Simple sentence: Silly kicks the ball Subject + Predicate (what the subject is doing or being) - Only one independent clause Compound sentence: The sun was shining, and the birds were chirping. - 2 or more independent clauses joined together using coordinating conjunctions - and, but, or, so, yet Complex sentence: I love going outside when the weather is warm. - one dependent clauses and independent clause joined together using subordinate conjunctions - although, since, until, while, however, when, after, before, because, for example Compound - Complex sentence: While the children played outside, their parents chatted on the bench and they made warm sandwiches for their kids. - 2 or more independent clauses with one dependent clause Types of sentences: Declarative: Statement or expression of facts Interrogative: Ask questions Imperatiative: GIve commands Exclamatory: Express strong emotions Optative: express wishes, desires and hopes Informational text = Expository essay - Give detailed information about the topic - Usually, it is written in 5 paragraph (Introduction, three middle paragraph, Conclusion) - writer’s purpose : to inform or educate a reader about a specific topic - Lack of opinion and it shows a topic from an objective view - Uses statistics [ 95%, 80% ] 5 types: Sequence: explain a process in chronological order Description: describe a topic Compare and Contrast: similarities and differences Problems and Solutions: Question and answer Cause and Effect: the cause of an event and the effect of the result. Structure of an informative essay: Hook - grabs the reader’s attention and introduces the topic Background information - provide context for the topic (what?, who?, and how?) Thesis - a sentence that summarizes the main idea Body paragraph - (have subheadings–tells what the paragraph is going to be about) - Explain a main point that is related to the thesis Conclusions - conclude and summarize the essay, restate the thesis * Do not start with ‘My essay is about… “ Themes (the main idea or lesson of the story, the reader’s message) - Implied - Applies to the real world - Must be inferred Ex: “ Don’t judge a book by it’s cover “ “ Be grateful of the things you have “ Point - State your point “In my opinion” Evidence - proving your point using quotations/ facts/ examples “We know this because” Explain - Explain why the quotation is related or prove your point in segments. “This suggests” “This implies” Point: Make a statement and link to the question Evidence: Include a quote “from the text.”, Provide evidence to support your point - You can use sentences like: According to the 2nd paragraph, It has been suggested in the text that.., This is supported by…, I know this because… Explain: Analyze quote, explain the evidence in detail and explain how it support your main point - You can use sentences like: This shows us.., The evidence explains... This implies that…, Therefore, this explanation shows... Link: Link your evidence back to your point to form a conclusion - You can use sentences like: Therefore, it can be said…, In conclusion…, The Mighty Monarch: More Than Just a Butterfly Have you ever seen a vibrant orange and black butterfly flutter gracefully through a field? (question) That's likely a monarch butterfly, a captivating creature known for its long migrations and striking appearance. (Background information) But beyond its beauty, the monarch plays a vital ecological role, making it an essential part of healthy ecosystems. (states the main point) (Thesis sentence) Monarch Magic: A Lifecycle Unlike Any Other Unlike most butterflies, Monarchs embark on a remarkable journey each year. During the fall, millions of Monarchs in North America travel thousands of miles south to warmer climates in Mexico and California. This multi-generational migration is a marvel of nature, with each new generation instinctively following the same path they've never traveled before. Fueling the Journey: A Special Bond with Milkweed Monarch caterpillars rely solely on milkweed plants for food. The toxins in milkweed make them unpalatable to predators, offering protection throughout their development. Unfortunately, the loss of milkweed habitat due to human activity has drastically impacted Monarch populations. Partners in Pollination: A Crucial Role in the Ecosystem As adults, Monarch butterflies play a vital role in pollination. They feed on the nectar of various flowering plants, transferring pollen between them as they move. This process allows plants to reproduce, ensuring a diverse and healthy ecosystem. Protecting the Monarch: Ensuring a Future for a Fascinating Flyer The Monarch butterfly is a symbol of resilience and the interconnectedness of nature.(restate thesis in another word) By planting milkweed and supporting conservation efforts, we can help ensure the survival of this magnificent creature and the vital role it plays in our world