Nursing Theories PDF

LYDIA HALL Established the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation at Montefiore Hospital in New York. She served as administrative director of the Loeb Center from its opening in 1963 until her death in 1969. She has published more than 20 articles about the Loeb Center and her theories of...

LYDIA HALL Established the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation at Montefiore Hospital in New York. She served as administrative director of the Loeb Center from its opening in 1963 until her death in 1969. She has published more than 20 articles about the Loeb Center and her theories of long-term care and chronic disease control. Her work was presented in "Nursing: What is it?" in the Canadian Nurse. Her center was discussed in the International Journal of Nursing Studies. In Hall's Core, Core, Care, and Cure model (1964), the phenomena focus on delivery the therapeutic which has of nursing been considered similar to as "PrimaryNursing". DEFINITION THE CORE - represents the inner feelings and management of the person. THE CARE - represents the patient's body. THE CURE - represents the disease that affects the patient's physical system. RELATIONAL STATEMENT Hall proposed that the core, care, and cure model has something to do with the patient's phase in the disease process. ASSUMPTIONS Hall's Care, Cure, and Core Theory assumptions are as follows: 1. The motivation and energy necessary for healing exist within the patient rather than in the healthcare team. 2.The three aspects of nursing should not be viewed as functioning independently but as interrelated. And lastly, 3. The three aspects interact, and the circles representing them change size, depending on the Patient's total course of progress. CONCEPTS The patient is a unity composed of the following three overlapping parts: A person (the core aspect), A pathologic condition and treatment (the cure aspect), and A body (the care aspect). CORE refers to the patient as an individual, with unique needs, feelings, and emotions. It on emphasizes the psychosocial aspect of care, focusing understanding the patient's personal experiences, goals, and emotional state. CARE The "Care" aspect is the nursing component of the model, focusing on comfort measures and physical care. It relates to providing assistance with daily activities such as hygiene, mobility, and nutrition. CURE refers to the medical technical aspect of and care, involving disease treatment and interventions primarily led by physicians. Nurses support the treatment plan and monitor the patient's clinical condition. METAPARADIGMS PERSON (CORE) The person is central in Hall's model and is represented by the Core. The person is seen as a unique individual with their own emotional, social, and psychological needs. Hall believed that the patient's inner self (their feelings, values, and personal goals) is essential to the healing process. ENVIRONMENT (CARE) The environment refers to the physical and emotional surroundings that impact the patient's health and well-being. In Hall's theory, the environment relates closely to the Care component, which involves providing comfort and meeting the patient's basic physical needs. HEALTH (CURE) NURSING (CARE) 。 Health is viewed as the balance and integration of the Core, Care, and Cure components. In Hall's model, Cure specifically refers to the restoration of health through medical interventions aimed at treating the patient's illness. 。 involves the nurse's role in providing care through a combination of physical assistance, emotional support, and clinical interventions. Hall's model views nursing as primarily represented in the Care component, which emphasizes providing physical comfort and addressing the holistic needs of the patient. MADELEINE M. LEININGER HEALTH (CURE) NURSING (CARE) 。 Health is viewed as the balance and integration of the Core, Care, and Cure components. In Hall's model, Cure specifically refers to the restoration of health through medical interventions aimed at treating the patient's illness. 。 involves the nurse's role in providing care through a combination of physical assistance, emotional support, and clinical interventions. Hall's model views nursing as primarily represented in the Care component, which emphasizes providing physical comfort and addressing the holistic needs of the patient. Culturally Competent Care: Cultural Assessment -involves gathering information about a patient's cultural background, beliefs, values, and practices to understand how these factors may influence their health care needs and preferences. Cultural Preservation and Maintenance ·involve supporting and upholding the cultural practices and beliefs of patients that contribute to their well-being and identity. It ensures that culturally significant practices are respected and integrated into care.  Cultural Accommodation and Negotiation -involve modifying or adapting care practices to align with the patient's cultural needs and preferences while ensuring that the care provided remains effective and safe. METAPARADIGMS PERSON The person is the recipient of nursing care. It includes individuals, families, groups, or communities. Each person is viewed as a unique and holistic being with individual needs, experiences, and values. HEALTH Health is the state of being that encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. It is not merely the absence of disease but a dynamic process influenced by various factors, including Individual lifestyle environmental conditions and environmental conditions. ENVIRONMENT The environment includes all external factors that affect the person's health and well-being. This encompasses physical, social, cultural, and economic aspects that influence health outcomes. NURSING Nursing involves the actions, processes, and roles that nurses engage in to care for individuals. It encompasses the theory and practice of providing care to help individuals achieve and maintain optimal health. ASSUMPTIONS 1.Assumption 1: Care Is a Universal Phenomenon: Leininger posits that caring is a fundamental and universal aspect of human existence. Regardless of cultural background, all individuals engage in caring behaviors. This assumption highlights the notion that caring is innate to human beings and transcends cultural boundaries. 2. Assumption 2: Culture Influences Care Practices: Culture plays a significant role in shaping how individuals and communities express and experience care. Leininger emphasizes that cultural values, beliefs, and practices influence the ways in which care is provided and received. 3. Assumption 3: Culturally Congruent Care Enhances Well-being: Leininger asserts that providing care that is congruent with the cultural values and beliefs of the individual or group leads to improved well-being. оCulturally congruent care is seen as essential for promoting health and healing within a cultural context. 4. Assumption 4: Culturally Diverse Nursing Knowledge Is Essential: To provide culturally competent care, nurses must acquire knowledge of various cultures, including their unique care practices. Leininger argues that nursing education and practice should include an understanding of diverse cultural beliefs and care patterns. ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE Meaning Structuring meaning is the imaging and valuing of languaging. Rhythmicity Configuring rhythmical patterns of relating is the revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting of connecting-separating. Trancendence. Cotranscending with possibles is the powering and originating of transforming MEANING I Imaging is the first concept of the first principle. The paradoxes of imaging are explicit-tacit and reflective-prereflective. Imaging is an individual’s view of reality. Valuing is the second concept of the first principle. The paradox of valuing is confirming-not confirming. This concept is about how persons confirm and do not confirm beliefs in light of a personal perspective or worldview. Languaging is the third concept of the first principle. The paradoxes of languaging are speaking-being silent and moving-being still. Languaging is a concept that relates to how humans symbolize and express their imaged realities and their value priorities. RHYTHMICITY Revealing-Concealing RHYTHMICITY Revealing-concealing is the first concept of the second principle. The paradox linked with revealing-concealing is disclosing-not disclosing. Revealing-concealing is the way persons disclose and keep hidden, all-at-once, the persons they are becoming Enabling-Limiting Enabling-limiting is the second concept of the second principle. It is linked with the paradox potentiating-restricting. Enabling-limiting represents the potentials and opportunities that surface with the restrictions and obstacles of everyday living.  Connecting-Separating Connecting-separating is the third concept of the second principle. The paradox linked with connecting-separating is attending-distancing. This concept relates to the ways persons create patterns of connecting and separating with people and projects TRANSCENDENCE Powering is the first concept of the third principle. It is connected with the paradoxes pushing-resisting, affirming-not affirming, and beingnonbeing. Powering is a concept that conveys meaning about struggle and life and the will to go on despite hardship and threat. Originating, the second concept of principle three, is about human uniqueness and holds the following two paradoxes: (1) conforming-not conforming and (2) certaintyuncertainty. People strive to be like others, and yet they also strive to be unique. Transforming, the third concept of the third principle, is explicated with the paradox familiarunfamiliar. Transforming is about the continuously changing and shifting views that people have about their lives. THE METAPARADIGM OF ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE’S THEORY PERSON The nursing model defines the person (reffered to as “ man ” throughout the theory) as an open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts ENVIRONMEMT The environment is everything in the person and his or her experiences. And, the environment is inseparable from the person, as well as complementary to and evolving with the person. HEALTH Health is the most open process of being and becoming, and involves the synthesis of values NURSING Nursing is described as a human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people. THREE MAJOR ASSUMPTION 1.MEANING Human Becoming is freely choosing personal meaning in situations in the intersubjective process of living value priorities. Man's reality is given meaning through lived experiences. Man and environment cocreate 2.RHYTHMICITY Human Becoming is cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating in mutual process with the universe. Man and environment cocreate (imaging, valuing, languaging) in rhythmical patterns. 3.TRANSCENDENCE Human Becoming is cotranscending multidimensionally with emerging possibles. Refers to reaching out and beyond the limits that a person sets. One constantly transforms. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Parse's theory of human becoming offers a wonderful perspective on the concept of patientcentered care. It is a promising approach to delivering quality nursing care, based on the holistic vision of the patient's personality. Its consequences usually include improved quality of care and increased patient satisfaction. Certainly, the concept needs more clarity, especially in the context of human becoming which is the problem future researchers will need to solve.