Culture and Language Diffusion PDF

culture - learned beliefs and factice of s a group of people(these always change Custom - an action of a group done often enough that it becomes a characteristic of the group. Taboo - an act or behavior that is prohibited by social or religious norms and you are punis...

culture - learned beliefs and factice of s a group of people(these always change Custom - an action of a group done often enough that it becomes a characteristic of the group. Taboo - an act or behavior that is prohibited by social or religious norms and you are punished by shame Ethnocentrism - judging other cultures by the standards of your own Cultural relativism - never judging other cultures Folk culture - traditionally practiced by groups in homogenous, rural, isolated areas popular culture - found in larger heterogeneous societies that share certain habits even if its Relocation diffusion hierarchical diffusion diffusion - involves the spread of culture starting from the most powerful and influential people within the culture. Placelessness - not having a sense of place Sense of place - a feeling of home or something that make your or a place unique Cultural imperialism - forced imperialism Relocation diffusion - the culture spreads because the people that created it moved Expansion diffusion - when the culture expands on its own - Hierarchical diffusion - the spread from one key person or location(called a node)( things like fashion trends and music does this mostly) - Contagious - expands rapidly - Stimulus - a cultural trait arrives to a new area and changes and or adapts to the new area Contagious diffusion - Cultural diffusion - that spatial diffusion of an idea or innovation from its source The hearth - where something originated Cultural convergence - 2 different cultures that are brought close together so they start to come together or really just become more similar Cultural divergence - one culture that splits into 2 and then the distance make the cultures become less and less similar Creole language - 2 or more languages that are mixed together to make one Accent- how u say words Dialects - the words that are spoken Acculturation - the act of learning a new culture Cultural assimilation -adopting a new culture and really living the cultural way and not just learning about it Force assimilation - forcing people to adopt a culture Multiculturalism - everyone keep and practices their own culture but they live close to each other syncretism - cultures that collide and make a whole new culture or something new (E pluribus unum - out of any one) also called a melting pot Cultural landscape - the visible impact of human activity and culture on the landscape Place making a place(sense of place)- physical things that make something welcoming and or make people want to go there Sequent occupance - a location that is occupied sequentially by 2 different cultures (culture A leaves and then culture B moves in) Toponyms - a name given to a place on earth Language- a system of communication consisting of words and rules for their use Pidgin -a simplified language used for communication between languages that speak different language Creole- a mix of different languages, culture or something else Lingua franca - a language that has become a common method of communication among a wide variety of people and often taught as a 2ed language Religion- a cultural system traditions, and practices often centered around the worship of a diary or dites Universalizing- wanting more people to join Ethnic- don't want more people to join. You are just born into it. Groups moving to areas with different cultures and languages and beliefs, and that's resulted in a lot of.Engine.Used to be really bad in the United States too.Kind of temper. nAnd there's a number showing you today's country with the highest number is Indonesia. By 2050 I projected India to be number one with the highest number of Muslim.What percentage is what I was talking about. Middle East? North Africa 93%.And our Muslim where when you get to some of these other countries, it's going to be a much lower percentage.All right. Relocation - the things spread because the people who created it moved and took the culture with them Expansion - the culture spreads on its own - Hierarchical - the spread from one key location or person called the node and it may not reach everyone - Contagious - spreads rapidly and reaches almost everyone(viral internet things) - Stimulus - a cultural train that arrives in a new area and adapts to the new are Place making traits\ - People - Buildings - Infrastructure - Environment Not place making - Big parking lots Place making - Cultural landscape - A place or people to chill out What to look for when it come to cultural landscapes] - The types of buldingging - The locations of buildings - The size of the buildings - The age of the building - To see how or how not the building was renovated Transportation- how, when and where Infrastructure - roads, railroads, canals, electricity, rail road, internet Languages - they can be written and spoken but not always both - Changes over time - A fundamental part of culture How languages are organized - Individual languages - Groups- collection of similar languages or a common ancestor - Branches - they have some sort of languages they had a common ancestor thousands of years ago - Families - groups of sorts of not very similar languages, descended from a common ancestor thousands of years ago Origin of indo european - thE KURGANS started it and diffused has they too over other places - The started in today turkey and it speak though agriculture How to languages diffuse Relocation diffusion Expansion diffusion(more common) Things needed to develop dialect 1. Geographical Separation: Physical distance or barriers (like mountains or rivers) that limit interaction and lead to unique linguistic evolutions. 2. Social Differentiation: Differences in social groups, such as class, ethnicity, or occupation, can foster distinct linguistic traits within those groups. 3. Time: Over time, language naturally evolves, and isolated groups develop their own unique speech patterns and vocabulary. Individual words and languages diffuse through social media, movies, ect They also share languages(if a language doesn't have a word for something they take one from another language)] Barriers to languages diffusion - Cultural - Generational divides  - Some words may not translate - Political (example is north korea) Impacts - Losing indigenous languages - Migration - Younger people learn a new language - No written language - New dialect as they far away Why do languages die - In 100 years half the world's languages could die - Why do they die - most of them have no written version and are only spoken( the last person to speak the language die and so does the language) - Usually not to many speaker to begin with - They will know the language but their kids will not this can be when they move - Global entertainment and technology Things to do to preserve a languages - Someone will want to preserve it because it is their culture and apart of their identity - Technology can connect isolated speakers of an engaged language. Geography - The more isolated and protected by land the languages is protected(not too many of them) Politics - Can mark independence from another group of people(ex,basque language) Tourism - - Preserving the language because visitors identify with the area even if its not frequently used The list of US languages with less than 100 speakers - Hebrew 3.something religions There are u major categories - Universalizing religion- islam - christianity - Ethnic -judaism , hinduism Ethnic - Tied to a particular location if not its bc of relocation diffusion - Environmental determinism - Belofes, holidays, practice based on local environment - Unknown founder Universalization Judaism - Ethnic - Smallest of the five major religions - Closely related to christianity and islam (all monotheistic) ➔ Monotheistic ➔ Same hearth- middle east/ southwest asia ➔ All three consider the city of jerusalem a sacred place ➔ Same of the the name prophet ➔ Judaism - Place of worship[ called a synagogue or a temple - Holy book: the torah - The day or worship is called the sabbath - friday night and saturday - communal - lots of annual holidays - kosher diet - wearth- east mediterranean - diffusion -relocation from people being exiled from their homeland - spread to other areas of mediterranean allied diaspora - lived in enclaves in european cities - holocaust led to the creation of a new nation in their ancient homeland - most jewish people live in israel - in the us- they are listed in Christianity - World's largest religion - Began as a sect of judaism - Founder jesus - believed he is god and human - islam recognizes him as a wise prophet - scripture: the bible - place of worship the church The 3 main branches - Catholic (the republic of ireland is mostly this) - Orthodox (mostly eastern europe) - Protestant - lots of denominations ( the other on in ireland) - The hearth - today israel/ eastern mediterranean Early diffusion -hierarchical Was later declared Turned to relocation diffusion :South eastern us are baptist because of rural and small and isolated (except south louisiana. Northeast and southwest catholic churches Moman are near womens and surrounding states Islam - Islam is the religion - Muslim person who practices islam - 1.5 billion and rapidly growing and is younger than the others  - Origins founded by muhuman and 6-7th century Ce 2 major groups because of a disagreement between who can be leader Diffusion - Early diffusion west and north africa Today migration especially to europe and the united states - The people with the largest number of muslims in india The middle east is is Monotheistic religions Name of the religion hearth/origin When it was founded Who founded it The book the read/Scripture diffusion practices How they are divided or grouped/ Where most on located now theology classes/ is there a social What is the name Landscapes different types structure of thor place of worship Judaism 1800 BCE Abraham Mostly relocation diffusion They have quite a few annual Orthodox: sticks closely to Middle east- israel Monotheistic Kohanim - decadence of - Cathedrals israel Torah because they were exiled from their homes holidays traditional laws NA- U.S, Canada Eu -france, Uk, russia, germany aron(the brother of -Stained class Daily prayer LAN - argentina, brazil moses) - Stained class with biblical Conservative: balances Oceania - australia images A kosher diet(no pork) tradition and modern Levites - descendants of The sabbath day changes. the tribe of levi Reform: embraces a more Israelites - general liberal approach to Jewish jewish people that aret laws. either Christianity 1st century CE Jesus christ The Bible Hierarchical first and then Prayer bible Catholic- they believe in the authority of Catholic - the republic of ireland is monotheistic none Jarulalem Jerusalem relocation the pope Orthodox- they don't believe in the pope mostly and then southeastern U.S Orthodox: mostly in eastern europe so they have self governing churches Protestant - northern ireland Protestant- they reject the authority of Baptist: southeastern U.S the pope and use the bible as the sole source of divine revelation Islam in Mecca and Medina 7th century CE qur’an(koran) Diffusion The 5 pillars Group 1-sunnis Indonesia, india, the monotheistic none -Mosk Muhammad Early diffusion west and Creed They believe that the leader should be -Minarets -from which the faithful are north africa Charity Prayer immediate descendants of muhamad Group 2-shiites diffused to a lot of called and are called to prayer 5 time a day fasting (during ramadan) the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet The united states and -No images of people -Only geometric shapes Muhammad, and his descendants are the rightful pilgrimage successors (Imams) to Muhammad. EU -they often have domes -They have to take a pilgrimage to mecca once in their life The hajj -jerusalem -The wailing wall/western walll Yes. the caste system and is based on the reincarnation Hinduism -the oldest(largest ethnic 1500 BCE unknown The vedas A pilgrimage- they have to go to religion in the world Indus Valley the village of (Blank) at least It is not legally forcible but it still has an impact on India( it's pretty much a classist society. once in their life buddhism Northern india (present day Around 4th century bce Does Not have one many Diffused from nepal though The belief of karma The have 3 different branches They have a deli lama aka the nepal) missionary work, trade, the leader of the buddhist of tibet sink road The four noble truths Thervanda: southeast He is the symbolic spiritual asia leader. This spread has also Life is suffering Mahayada: southeast hierarchical sometimes Suffering is asia caused by desire Vajayrayna : east and Firstly and mostly and crazing south asia relocation buecase a good suffering can be number of them were exiled ended