Praxis 5017 PDF

Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 1. Abstract Method the students matches the elements of a given group with abstract numbers to represent three rabbits eating four carrots...

Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 1. Abstract Method the students matches the elements of a given group with abstract numbers to represent three rabbits eating four carrots daily using the abstract method, the student would set up the problem as 3x4 2. Active Voice when the subject of the verb is the doer of the action 3. acute angle an angle that measures less than 90 degrees 4. acute triangle triangle with exactly three acute angles 5. adaptive reasoning refers to logical thinking. capacity to think logically about the relationships between concepts and sit- uations 6. addition binary operation, meaning it combines only two numbers at a time to produce a third unique num- ber. adding two whole numbers always results in a whole number. an operation that when performed two numbers results in a sum 7. addititve identity/iden- states that the number 0, when added to any num- tity element of addition ber the sum is that of the other number 2+0=2, therefore 0 is the addititve identity or identitiy ele- ment of addition 8. adjacent two angles are adjacent if they share a common vertex 9. algorithms 2 addend + 3addened= 5 sum 5 minuend-3 subtra- hend=2 difference 10. allegory a story in verse or prose with characters that repre- sent virtues and vices 11. alternate exterior an- angles that lay outside the parallel lines and are on gles opposite sides of the transversal; they are congru- ent 12. 1 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj alternate interior an- the interior angles that lie on opposite sides of the gles transversal are alternate interior angles 13. angle two noncollinear rays taht have the same vertex; meausred in degrees 14. area length x width. measure the surface inside of the perimeter in square units 15. associative property for addition and multiplication associating or group- ing three or more addends or factors in a different way does not chang the sum or product. ex. (3+7)+5 equals the same as 3+(7+5) division and subtrac- tion are not associative 16. automatic reading the development of strong orthographic represen- tations, which allows fast and accurate identifica- tion of whole words made up of specific letter pat- terns 17. ballad an in medias res story is told or sung, usually in verse, accompanied by music 18. base 10 place value as we move to the left of any number, each place scheme value is 10 times the place value to the right. vise versa ex. 543-5 is in the 100s place. 4 is in the 10s place 3 is in the 1s place 19. biography reading about real people 20. blooms taxonomy 1. knowledge 2. comprehension 3. application 4. analysis 5. synthesis 6. evaluation 21. cardinal number counting, indicate quantity 22. deductive reasoning proceeds from general to specific, teachers present material through lectures and students teach each other through presentations 23. division models 2 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj can be presented to students in two ways: mea- surement and partition. it has the same inverse relation to multiplication as subtraction does to ad- dition 36/9=4 teaching division should be parallel to multiplication 24. drama plays comedy, modern or tragedy taht are typically per- formed in five acts 25. editing a stage of the writing process where students con- tinue to make changes to a draft, enhancing the ideas rather than altering or changing them 26. epic a long poem usually of book length that reflects values inherent in the generative society 27. epistle a letter that is not always originally intended for public distribution but due to the fame of the sender and/or recipient, one that becomes public domain 28. essay a limited length prose work focusing on a topic and propounding a definite point of view and authorita- tive tone 29. even numbers those that can be equally divided by 2 30. expanded notation can show the value of each number in its place 543- the values are 5x(10x10) + 4(10x1) + 3x1 which is taught as 500+40+3 31. exponential notation can show the value of each number. 543 the expo- nential values are (5x10^2)+(4x10^1)+(3x10^0) 32. expository writing a form of writing where the only purpose is to inform 33. exterior angles the angles outside two lines that are crossed by a transversal 34. fable a terse tale offering up a moral or exemplum; an- imals that act like human are featured in these 3 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj stories; the animals usually reveal human foible or teach a lesson 35. factors are any of the numbers or symbols in math that, when multiplied together form a product. ex. the whole number factors for 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12 36. folktales/fairy tales adventures of animals or humans and the super- natural; hero is usually on a quest aided by other worldly helpers 37. formative assessment a formal or informal way for a teacher to judge how well the students have mastered the objectives of a given assignment or lesson 38. future perfect tense expresses action that started in the past or the present and will conclude at some time in the future 39. high frequency words words most often used in the english language 40. higher cognitive ques- open ended intperpretive evaluative and inferential tions questions 41. historical fiction provides the opportunity to introduce younger chil- dren to history ina beneficial way 42. hydrology the scientific study of the properties, distribution and effects of water on the earths surface, in the soil and underlying rocks and in the atmosphere 43. intersect lines have a point or points in common 44. inductive reasoning proceds from specific to general. the teacher first introduces a concept and using inferences from the data the students develop generalizations 45. inequalities a mathematical sentence involving or = 46. Informal and/or Au- thentic assessment 4 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj teacher observation and questioning; journals and or logs; interviews and conferences; group and peer assessment, self assessment 47. market economy an economoic system in which people choose freely what to buy and sell 48. mastery lecutre dedcu- by teacher presents info to the students. advantage: tive method teacher can present large amounts of info in an ef- ficient amount of time. lecures should be shrot and interrupted by student questions. teachers should use lower and higher level thinking questions 49. math problem-solving investigating and understanding content, formulat- ing problems from everyday situations verifyinga nd interpreting results identifying and solving prob- lems that are developmentally appropriate 50. meterorology study of earths atmosphere and weather 51. metric units a measurement system that measures length in millimeters, centimeters, meters, and kilometers, capacity in liters and milliliters; mass in grams and kilograms and temperature in degrees celsius 52. misconceptions invalid concepts that students construct using their experiences, expectations, beliefs, and emotions 53. miscue analysis a way of acquiring insight into children's reading strategies by studying the mistakes they make when reading aloud 54. modern fantasy the stories are based in reality which makes it easi- er for the reader to suspend disbelief and enter into world of unreality 55. modern realistic fic- stories about real problems that real children face tion 56. morphology the study of the structure of words 5 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 57. multiples of any whole numbers are the results of multiplying that whole number by the counting numbers. every whole number has an infinite number of muliples 58. multiplicaton is a binary oeperation. the result of the operation is a product 59. multiplication property states that when a factor is muliplied by 0 then the of 0 product is 0. 3x0=0 60. multiplicative identity any number multiplied by 1 remains the same property of 1 61. multiplicative inverse a number times its multiplicative inverse is equal to 1; also called a reciprocal 62. myth stories that are more or less universally shared within a culture to explain its history and traditions; stories about events from the earliest times often considered true among various societies 63. narrative writing writing that is arranged chronologically 64. natrual numbers can mean either counting numbers or whole num- bers depending on the subject. 65. net two dimensional figure that can be cut out and folded up to make a three dimensional solid 66. novel the longest form of fictional prose containing a va- riety of characterization, settings, local color, and regionalism 67. number ocncepts words symbols, quantity, counting patterns, num- ber is a concept that indicates how many 68. number sense the ability to understand numbers and their relation- ships 69. number theory 6 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj the study of numbers and the relationships between them 70. orthography the art of writing words with the proper letters, the conventional spelling system of a languagae 71. pre writng a stage of the writing process during which stu- dents gather ideas 72. prime numbers numbers with only two whole number factors, 1 and itself. always odd numbers 73. print awareness the realization that writing is created with instru- ments such as pens, pencils, crayons, and markers 74. prior knowledge all of an individual's prior experiences, education and development that precede his or her entrance into a specific learning situation or his or her at- tempts to comprehend a specific text 75. proofreading a stage of the writing process where grammatical and technical errors are addressed 76. properties of opera- help us add, subtract, multiply, and divide effective- tions rules ly and effieciently 77. property of reciprocals product of any number multiplied by its reciprocal is one 5/1x 1/5= 1 the fives cancel out 78. proportion says that two ratios or fractions are equal 79. prosody concerns versions of original text and involves such matters as which syllable of a word is accented 80. prosody the patterns of stress and intonation in a langugage 81. psycholinguistic the study of how lanugage is acquired, percieved, understood and produced 82. psychomotor domain 7 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj includes abilities related to physical prowess rang- ing from reflexes through basic motions such as catching and throwing a ball to skilled motions such as playing tennis or playing the piano 83. publishing a stage in the writing process where students may have their work displayed on a bulletin board, read aloud in class or printed ina literary magazine or school anthoogy 84. peurpose comes in to play when considereing that while someone may completely understand the mes- sage, they must also know what to do with it 85. pythagorean theorem a^2 +b^2=c^2 the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides 86. qualitative chagne change in kind, structure, or organization sucha as the change from nonverbal to verbal communica- tion 87. quantitative change change in number or amount, such as in height, weight, or size of vocabulary 88. rates a comparison of two quantities with different units 89. ratio notation alternative method for showing fractions ex. 2/5 can be expressed as the ratio of 2 to 5 written as 2:5 90. rational numbers can be written as a ratio or fraction in which both the numerator (the number on top) and the denomina- tor (the number on the bottom) are whole numbers 1/2, 3/4, 5/6 91. reading fluency and orthographic awareness, semantic cueing, syntac- comprehension inclue tic cueing 92. real numbers 8 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj all numbers that can be represented by points ont he number line. zero, irrational, rational, and ne- gaitve or positive, decimals 93. regrouping in addition, a process once called carrying. it is used in problems such as 26+6, 16+7. in multipli- cation occurs in problems such as 268x26=6968. in subtraction a process once called borrowing used in problems such as 23-7 94. standard units of mea- a system of mearuement for linear, mass, and liquid surement (ft. yd. lb. oz. cup, gallon 95. steps fo problem solv- understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out ing the plan, look back 96. straight line 180 degree angle 97. structureal analysis the process of using familiar word parts to deter- mine the meaning of unfamiliar words 98. structured language involves an in depth focus on letters sound relation- approach for teaching ships and progresses through letters phonemes spelling blended syllables to whole words 99. style the artful adaption of language to meet various purposes 100. subtraction the inverse of addition. binary operation 101. sum of squares sum of the squares of the differences between each item and the mean 102. summative assess- evaluation at the conclusion of a unit (multiple ment choice, true/false, constructed response) 103. supplementary angles sum of two angles is 180 degrees 104. symmetry plane figure that can be folded along a line so the two parts match 9 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 105. syntactice cueing evaluating a word for its parts of speech and its place in the sentence 106. syntax the rules of patterend relationships that correctly create phreases and sentences from words 107. systematic instruction teaching a set of useful sound/spelling relation- ships ina clearly defined, carefully selected, logical instructional sequence 108. tall tales puposely exaggerated accounts of individuals with superhuman strength 109. teaching methods activating learning, projects, guided discovery, problem solving, exposition and direct instruction, games, situations and recreations, investigations 110. the shared book expe- teachers use big books. inclues intro (pre reading) rience ask predicitve questions read story with dramatic punch and point to text (tracking of print) ahve dis- cussion, reread on subsequent days withthe whole group 111. first person I nd Me standpoint. personal perspective 112. third person narrator is not a character but sees the world through only one characters eyes and thoughts 113. third person omni- the narrator is not a character in the story but knows scient what all of the characters are thinking along with the events that happen 114. third person objective the narrator is an outsider who can report only what he or she sees and hears. this narrator can tell us what is happening, but he cant tell us the thoughts of the characters 115. tone the attitude an author takes toward his or her sub- ject 10 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 116. traditional approach adheres strictly to a phonics based approach to for teaching spelling spelling 117. trational literature opens up a world where right wins out over wrong, where hard word and perseverance are rewarded and where helpless victims find vindication 118. traits/elements of writ- style, tone, point of view ing 119. translation a transformation that slides an object a fixed dis- tance in a given direction 120. Classifying Objects In Allows students to sort material according to some A Set specific criteria. for example: a student that is not able to count yet may sort objects according to size or whether it is hard or soft. 121. Cognitive Approach of A language acquisition theory that states that child Language Acquisition acquire knowledge of linguistic structures after they have acquired the cognitive structures necessary to process language 122. Combination Arrange- Where order does not matter ment 123. Common Fractions A fraction where both the top and bottom are whole numbers. 124. Commutative Property Addition and multiplication the order of addends does not determine the sum or product. example: a+b=b+a 6x9 and 9x6 both equal 54. Subtraction and division are not commutative. 125. Comparing Objects In Students may compare objects in a set to objects in A Set another set as a help in preparing for number skills. example: is there a chair for each toy bear? Does every child in the room a carton of milk? 126. Is when the sum of two angles is 90 degrees. 11 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj Complementary An- gles 127. Complex Sentence Made up of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause 128. Composite Numbers Most of our numbers are composite number be- cause they are composed of several whole number factors. 129. Compound Sentence Made up of two independent clauses that are joined by a conjunction, a correlative conduction, or semi- colon 130. Comprehension Oc- When readers are able to make predictions, select curs main ideas, and establish significant and support- ing details of the story 131. Concrete Method The teacher allows the students to real objects to solve problems. manipulatives 132. Congruent If the measure of two angles are the same they are congruent. 133. Congruent Polygons Polygons with same size and shape 134. Consecutive Exterior Angles which share the same side of the transver- Angles sal and are outside the lines. 135. Consecutive Interior Are the interior angles that lie on the same side of Angles the transversal are called consecutive angles. 136. Corresponding Angles Angles that lie on the same side of the transversal in corresponding positions 137. Counting Numbers Are Whole Numbers, but without the zero. Because you can't "count" zero. So they are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... (and so on). 138. Decimal Numbers 12 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj All decimal numbers are actually fractions. Are frac- tions written in special notation for example:.25 can be written as 1/4. 139. Deductive Reasoning Proceeds from general to specific. Teachers pre- sent material through lectures and students teach each other through presentations. 140. Denominator We call the bottom number the Denominator, it is the number of parts the whole is divided into. 141. Descriptive Writing Making an experience available through one of the five senses 142. Developmental Ap- Students go through several stages of development proach for Teaching from invented spelling to conventional spelling Spelling 143. Distributive Property Of multiplication over addition example: 6 x 47 gives the same result as multiplying 6 x 40 and then 6 x 7. and then adding the products. 6 x 47 = (6 x 40) + (6 x 7). notation is a(b+c) = (a x b) + (a x c) 144. Division Can be represented to students in two ways: mea- surement and partition. It has the same inverse relation to multiplication as subtraction does to ad- dition. 36 / 9 = 4 teaching division should be parallel to multiplication. 145. Informal and/or Au- Teacher observation and questioning; journals thentic Science As- and/or logs; interviews and conferences; group sessment and peer assessment; self-assessment; perfor- mance-based samples such as portfolios, project learning, and student work; comparing and con- trasting 146. Informal and/or Au- Teacher observation and questioning; inter- thentic Social Studies views and conferences; assessment; performance- Assessment based: portfolios, project learning, oral reports, stu- 13 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj dent work; comparing/contrasting; organizing data; problem solving; critical thinking; model building 147. Informal Geometry Provides students with concepts/skills necessary for: finding the perimeter, area, surface area and volume of common geometric figures graphing equations on the coordinate system and deriving the equation for the third line from a pair of points 148. Informational Books Ways to learn more about something that children are interested in or something that they know little about 149. Inquiry or Discovery Are inductive in nature. It starts with a thought pro- Lessons voking question for which students are interested in finding the answer. 150. Instructional Reading Generally judged to be at the 95% accuracy level Level 151. Integers Are like whole numbers, but they also include neg- ative numbers... but still no fractions allowed! So, integers can be negative {-1, -2,-3, -4, -5,... }, positive {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... }, or zero {0} 152. Interior Angles When two lines are crossed by a transversal they form eight angles. the four angles that lie between the two lines are called the interior angles. "inside the lines" 153. Irrational Numbers All numbers that are not rational are considered irrational. Can be written as a decimal, but not as a fraction. An irrational number has endless non-re- peating digits to the right of the decimal point. Here are some irrational numbers: 0, Pi - 3. 14... 154. Isosceles Triangle Triangle with two sides of the same length 155. Believed teachers have the ability to affect student's behavior through instructional management. 4 14 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj Jacob Kounin's Class- characteristics that a teacher needs 1. With-it-ness room Management 2. Over-lapping activities 3. Maintenance of Group Theory Focus 4. Movement management 156. Learning Approach of A language acquisition theory that assumed that Language Acquisition language development evolved from learning the rules of language structures and applying them through imitation and reinforcement 157. Legend A traditional narrative or collection of related nar- rative, popularly regarded as historically factual but actually a mixture of fact and fiction; similar to myths except they tend to deal with events that happened more recently 158. Life Science Characteristics of organisms, life cycles of organ- isms, organisms and environment 159. Linguistic Approach of A language acquisition theory that states that lan- Language Acquisition guage ability is innate and develops through natural human maturation as environmental stimuli trigger the acquisition of syntactical structures appropriate to each exposure level 160. Literacy Portfolios A student assessment strategy where students col- lect all of their reading and writing products so that teachers can track growth 161. Literature Circles A student centered reading activity in which each member of the group is assigned a role as the group discusses what they have read 162. Lower Cognitive Ques- Those that ask the student merely to recall verbatim tions or literally the material previously read or taught by the teacher 163. Numeral Is a symbol used to represent a number. 164. Numerator We call the top number the Numerator, it is the number of parts you have. Numerator/Denominator 15 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 165. Obtuse Angle An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees 166. Odd Numbers Are those that cannot be equally divided by 2. 167. Onset and Rime Onset is the initial sound unit of any word and the rime is the stream of letters that follow "onset and rime stop after the first vowel" 168. Operations Indicate what one does which any given group of numbers. 169. Ordinal Number Indicate the order of things, ex: first, second 170. Orthographic Aware- The ability to perceive and recall letter strings and ness word forms, as well as the retrieval of letters and words 171. Orthography The art of writing words with the proper letters. The conventional spelling system of a language 172. Parallel Lines do not intersect. 173. Passive Voice When the subject of the verb is the receiver of the action 174. Past Perfect Tense Expresses action or a condition that occurred as a precedent to some other past action or condition 175. Patterning Objects In A Arranging objects in a set to a duplicate a pattern. Set for example: red, yellow, red, yellow, or 2,4,6,8... 176. Perimeter The distance around a figure. 177. Permutation Arrangement where order matters 178. Persuasive Writing A piece of writing, poem, play or speech whose purpose is to change the minds of the audience members or to get them to do something 16 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 179. Phonemic Awareness Ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Includes the ability to hear and manipulate larg- er units of sound such as onsets and rimes and syllables. Acknowledgement of sounds and words; sounds in words that are spoken 180. Phonics The connections between the sounds and letters on a page 181. Physical Education Exercise, physical fitness, game and sport kills, Concepts safety, locomotor patterns, body management, so- cial discipline, healthy lifestyles 182. Physical Science Physical and chemical changes; temperature and heat; sound; light; electricity and magnetism; force, motion, and energy; matter; astronomy 183. Plane A flat two-dimensional surface that extends infinite- ly in all directions. 184. Poem Rhythm 185. Point A specific location, taking up no space, having no area, and represented as a dot. 186. Point-of-view The perspective of the text 187. Polygons A closed figure, all straight lines, and no intersect- ing lines. 188. Pre-Number Concepts Matching, sorting, comparing, ordering 189. Present Perfect Tense Expresses action or a condition that started in the pass and in continued or completed in the present 190. Prewriting A stage of the writing process during which the students gather ideas; this stage may include clus- tering, listing, brainstorming, mapping, free wiring, and charting 17 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj 191. Primary Sources Eyewitness accounts of history. They include let- ters, diaries, speeches, and interviews. 192. Regular Polygon A polygon with all sides and all angles are equal 193. Regular Rectangle A polygon in which all sides have equal lengths and all angles have equal measures. 194. Regular Triangle All congruent sides and angles. 195. Retelling A comprehension assessment strategy in which the student retells a story that they have read to highlight the main themes 196. Revision A stage of the writing process where students ex- amine their work and make changes in wording, details, and ideas 197. Right Angle An angle that measures 90 degrees 198. Romance A highly imaginative tale set in a fantastical realm that deals with the conflicts between heroes, vil- lains, and/or monsters 199. Scaffolding Strategies to support students' progress toward independent proficient reading provide access to grade-level texts, purposeful grouping, close read- ing 200. Schemata The plural of schema, those structures that repre- sent generic concepts stored in our memories 201. Science Fiction Robots, spacecraft, mystery, and civilizations from other ages 202. Scientific Method A series of steps followed to solve problems in- cluding collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. 203. Secondary Sources 18 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj Commentaries, summaries, reviews, or interpreta- tion of primary sources to provide new insights or historical perspectives 204. Semantic Cueing Determining the meaning of the word, phrase, or sentence 205. Semantics The meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text 206. Semi abstract The students work with one symbol to represent objects. such as using tally marks 207. Semi concrete The students work with visual representations, pic- tures, instead of actual objects. 208. Set Is a collection of things real, or imagined, related or unrelated, students may manipulate the objects within the set in various ways. 209. Short Story A concise narrative that has less background than a novel, but that typically includes many of the same plot developments and techniques 210. Sight Words Words that the reader learns to era spontaneously either because of frequency or lack of conformity to orthographic rules 211. Signal Words Words that indicate that a list, contrast, or con- nection is about to be made. Cause/Effect, Com- pare/Contrast, Description, Problem/Solution (the question is, one answer is) Sequence/Chronolog- ical Order (next, then before, after) 212. Simple Sentence Contains one independent clause 213. Skip Counting They may start with 1 and count only the odd num- bers. 1,3,5,7,9 214. A language acquisition theory that states that the different aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and social 19 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj Sociocognitive Ap- knowledge are interactive elements of total human proach of Language development Acquisition 215. Sociolinguistic How language and its use is shaped by a society or culture. 216. Spread A program that allows you to use rows and columns of data to manage, predict, and present informa- tion. 217. Standard Deviation The square root of the variance 218. Transversal If a third line intersects two intersecting lines at the same point of intersection the third intersecting line is called a transversal. 219. Variance Sum Of the squares quantity divided by the number of items 220. Vertex Point at which the rays meet on an angle 221. Vertical Angles If two lines intersect they form two pairs of vertical angles. 222. Vocabulary Self-Col- A student-centered strategy in which children, even lection from grade two, take responsibility for their vocab- ulary learning 223. Volume Refers to how much space is inside a three dimen- sional, closed container 224. Whole Language Ap- Supports that idea that student learns to spell by proach for Teaching remembering what the words looks like rather than Spelling by remembering how it sounds 225. Whole Numbers Are simply the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,... (and so on) ; are the counting numbers. 0,1,2,3,4,5... 226. Word Families 20 / 21  Praxis 5017 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_48odlj A collection of words that share common ortho- graphic rimes, such as HIKE, BIKE, LIKE, etc. 227. Word Map Strategy A comprehension assessment strategy features teacher-directed learning children are "walked through" the process of identifying type of informa- tion that makes a definition. Assisted in using con- text clues & background understanding to construct meaning 228. Albert Bandura Social-congnitive; personality comes from observ- ing others and modeling ourselves after them. 229. Bloom's Taxonomy A system for categorizing levels of abstraction of questions that commonly occur in educational set- tings. Includes the following competencies: knowl- edge, comprehension, application, analysis, syn- thesis, and evaluation. 230. Coordinate Geometry a mix of geometry and algebra; in this field of mathematics, geometric figures are placed on the coordinate plane, and then studied using algebra. 21 / 21