Unit III-A Gerontology Nursing and the Aging Patient PDF

3/11/2024 Chapter 6 Geriatric Implications for Medical-Surgical Nursing Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 1 Introduction  Three stages of “old age” 65 to 75: Young old 75 to 85: Old >85: “Old old” or “oldest old”  30% increase in persons >65 in last 10 yearsBayyges 954millionolderadult  Median i...

3/11/2024 Chapter 6 Geriatric Implications for Medical-Surgical Nursing Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 1 Introduction  Three stages of “old age” 65 to 75: Young old 75 to 85: Old >85: “Old old” or “oldest old”  30% increase in persons >65 in last 10 yearsBayyges 954millionolderadult  Median income of $25,877 for men and $15,282 for women socialIncome  Women continue to live longer  30% of older women are widowed, woment over 75 yrs 42% live alone supportholisticcaresocialisolationa safetycaretakerdonotcskfrhelp.name assessment Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company hatities lackofpurpose 2 1 3/11/2024 Age-Related Changes  Greater risk for illness related to normal declines in adaptation aparentwhenputunderstress Senescence normalagerelatedinourorgansystem groin SclerosishardeningoftissueFibertissueour Stenosisnarrowingorconstrictionofapathway Atrophy shrinkingdecreasinginsizedementiabrain Calcification Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 3 Common Cardiovascular Health Issues failure heart  Heart and vascular disease Hypertensionnot to  Heart failure  Atrial fibrillation brainneedmetaises c iii  Heart diseasestrokehypotensiondiabetessmokingpoorlirestyleDiabetes 1reasonfordeath lead iii it Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 4 2 3/11/2024 Cardiovascular changes homeostasis Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 5 Common Respiratory Health Issues  Pneumonia worstanelderlybecausenoabilitytocoughuportakedeepbreathimpaired sunny  Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOPD classificationenlarina bronchitischronic Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 6 3 3/11/2024 Respiratory Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 7 Common Neurological Health Issues diseaseprocess acupational altimense socialand 3D  Dementia progressivechronicdecline changes  Delirium actinonsetmedillnesssleepdistrabiance  Depressionmisseddificultto lowenergyanoxityintentionbodyache  Parkinson’s disease guitar.in Ym aie  Cerebrovascular accident e nvironmental Draviness alert citationnot diagnose bleed ffgi strokeclot or Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 8 4 3/11/2024 Table 6.4 page 75 Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 9 Neurofibrillary Tangles Dimentia Altimers stable dead decane brain inthe obstruct Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 10 5 3/11/2024 Common Cognitive Issues  Episodic memory diminishes with age shorttermworst longtermbetter  Free recall diminishes  Working memory ability decreases ffg.fiihmtuneduatnglongertocomprehend  Semantic memory maintained or may increase longtermmemory  Processing speed decreases takeslongertorestate Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 11 Neurological Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 12 6 3/11/2024 Common Renal Issues restroom  Increased risk of dehydration thristmechanism fearofincentive gettothe  Decreased excretion of medications and toxins painmeds effect mobilityBuildupmeds ofexcretionatoxicity  Hyponatremia and hypernatremia T.am  Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia GIloss Diuretic morecommon Build up usage Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 13 Cognitive Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 14 7 3/11/2024 Common Genitourinary and Reproductive Changes  Uterine and vaginal atrophyvaginal dresses  Decreased reproductive hormone levels causes  Incontinence menandwomen it isnotnormal ask.tgg.is  Sexual dysfunction hormonalchangesfemale mencardiovascular stressincontence womenbecausechildbirthsynchetercan'thold men7BPH cancauseincontenus intompleteemptying Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 15 Renal, GU and Reproductive changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 16 8 3/11/2024 Common Gastrointestinal Changes constipation  Delayed gastric emptying Constipation  Delayed transport through the colon  Increased acid secretion GIUderGastritis GwedLESB12difissionsyAnemia  Decrease in liver and pancreas size aRiskDiabetesnotproducinginsulin hydrationImportant constipation Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 17 GI Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 18 9 3/11/2024 Nutritional Issues  Senses of taste and smell diminish lessapilingmeds  Premature feelings of fullness gastricdelay fullfaster  Constipation  Dentition/chewing properfitting  Dysphagia unableto swallow riskaspiration premenin poketingoffood premonia Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 19 Common Musculoskeletal Changes  Decreased muscle mass protein resistancetrainingbands calciumintake  Stiffening of tendons and ligaments  Decreased bone density  Increased bone loss  Increased risk for falls  Deconditioning rapidlossofstrength bedbarn keepthem mobileasmuch aspossible Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 20 10 3/11/2024 Musculoskeletal Changes elderly withproteinwhen left weightresistance training Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 21 Common Immunological and Skin Changes inanityfunction  General diminished immune  Decreased ability of skin to function as barrier tin askinbreakdown infection  Blunted responses to infection (i.e., fever) yrs Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 22 11 3/11/2024 Immunological and Skin Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 23 Common Sensory Changes  Decrease in visual acuity Perprophya  Decreased hearing per cusbis by  Safety of navigating environment pourhearingandvision Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 24 12 3/11/2024 Safety Issues  Physical safety Increased risk of accidents and falls with serious injury mortality morbidity  Medication safety Polypharmacy Access to medications readopen administer  Protection from abuse neglect financialsexual physical Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 25 Sensory Changes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 26 13 3/11/2024 Psychosocial Issues  Psychosocial transition Becoming more dependent rolereversal Facing own mortality  Advance directives Living will DNR  Housing and finances abletomaintain housefeed meds maintainthere get Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 27 Resources EducationSmallGroup Website Community groups Social Security Office Office of Aging Geriatric care managers Medicare Medicaid guv med 659 lowincome social workes Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company 28 14