Unit 6 Drugs Affecting Circulatory System PDF

Diploma in Healthcare Drugs that affect the skin and mucous membrane Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. UNIT 6 DRUGS THAT ACT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission o...

Diploma in Healthcare Drugs that affect the skin and mucous membrane Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. UNIT 6 DRUGS THAT ACT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Topic/ Chapter Learning Outcome Understand the function of cardiovascular system. Define heart diseases and describe Cardiotonics and Anti- Arrhythmic drugs. Define disorders of blood vessels and describe Peripheral Vasodilating drugs and AntiHypertensive drugs. Define Hyperlipidemia and Anti-Hyperlipidemic drugs. Define disorders related to blood clotting and describe Anticoagulants and Thrombolytic drugs. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Cardiovascular System All the body parts are linked up by the cardiovascular system. The basic components are: The heart (a pump) Blood vessels (conducting pipes) Blood (circulating fluid) Function of cardiovascular system: Supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues Removes toxic wastes products from body tissues Regulate body temperature Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Heart diseases and related drugs Heart diseases Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Cardiotonics Cardiac arrhythmia Antiarrhythmic drugs Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Cardiotonics Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) – Condition where heart cannot pump enough blood to the body tissues. Cardiotonics – (MOA) drugs used to increase and improve the contraction of the heart muscle. Uses: To treat Heart failure Adverse reactions: Nausea and vomiting Headache and visual disturbance Mental depression Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Antiarrhythmic drugs Cardiac arrhythmia – Disturbed or irregular heart rate or rhythm. Antiarrhythmic drugs – Drug used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. MOA: Restore normal cardiac function and prevent arrhythmias. Uses: To treat Cardiac Arrhythmias and Myocardial Infarction. Adverse reactions: Weakness, hypotension and drowsiness Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Disorders of Blood vessels and related drugs Disorders of Blood vessels Atherosclerosis Peripheral vasodilating drugs Hypertension Anti-hypertensive drugs Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Peripheral vasodilators Atherosclerosis – Deposits of fatty plaques on the inner wall of arteries. Narrowing of the lumen of the artery Peripheral vasodilators – Drugs given for the disorders that affect blood vessels of the extremities. MOA: Dilate the blood vessels. Uses: To treat Atherosclerosis Adverse reactions: hypotension, nausea, vomiting,headache , dizziness and increased pulse rate. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Hypertension Normal blood pressure – Systolic pressure less than 120mmHg and Diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg (120/80mmHg). Hypertension – Systolic pressure above 140 mmHg and Diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg (140/90 mmHg). Hypertension is serious because it causes the heart to work too hard. Increase the risk of heart disease, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, blindness and stroke. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Antihypertensive drugs Antihypertensive drugs – Drug used to reduce the blood pressure. MOA: Lower blood pressure by dilating or increase the size arteries (vasodilation). Examples: Vasodilating drugs and Calcium Channel Blockers. Increase sodium excretion from body. Example: Diuretics. Inhibit the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Example: ACE inhibitors. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia – Increased blood lipids (cholesterol or triglycerides) Tryglycerides and cholesterols are carried by lipid- containing proteins (lipoprotein): LDL – Low-density lipoprotein – bad cholesterol HDL – High-density lipoprotein – good cholesterol LDL transport cholesterol to cells and release excess cholesterol into blood, (cause hyperlipidemia). Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs Antihyperlipidemic drugs – drug to treat hyperlipidemia. MOA: Increase loss of bile acids, so liver uses more cholesterol to manufacture more bile. Inhibit the manufacture of cholesterol Cause breakdown of cholesterol. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Uses: To reduce LDL Total cholesterol Triglycerides. Adverse reaction: Constipation and hemorrhoids Vitamin A and D deficiencies Reduced vitamin K Abdominal pain Gallbladder stones Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Thrombosis and Embolism Thrombosis – Formation of a clot (Thrombus) in blood vessel. Example: Deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities. When thrombus detaches form wall of blood vessel and carried along by bloodstream it is known as embolus. Embolism - When embolus enter a smaller vessel it will blocks the vessel. Examples: Pulmonary embolism and Myocardial Infarction Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Anticoagulants Anticoagulants – Drugs used to prevent thrombosis (blood clot). Examples: Warfarin – Oral anticoagulant Heparin – Given by injection only MOA: Interferes with blood clotting mechanism Inhibit formation of fibrin clots Inhibit conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, no blood clots. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Uses: To prevent and treat Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Myocardial Infarction (MI) Prevent cerebral thrombosis. Adverse reaction: Mild to severe bleeding Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Alopecia (hair loss) Hemorrhage in internal organs Fever and chills Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Thrombolytic Drugs Thrombolytic drugs – Used to dissolve certain types of blood clots and reopen the blood vessels. MOA: Breaks down fibrin clots Uses: To treat Acute Myocardial Infarction Effective to dissolve clots caused by PE and DVT. Adverse reactions: Internal and external bleeding Allergic reactions Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Reference Holland, LM and Adams MP. 2007. Core Concepts in Pharmacology. 2nd edition.Pearson. Hitner H and Nagle B. 2002. Basic Pharmacology. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Next Topic Drugs that affect the central nervous system Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Thank you Address Lot 33-40, Blok C, Plaza Juta, KM 7.2 Off Jalan Tuaran, 88400 Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Telephone +6088 431 025/35 Website kk.cyberjaya.edu.my Email [email protected] Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.