UNIT 6 - 2021 PDF

UNIT 6: Functioning and disability Concepts Impairment: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability: any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered nor...

UNIT 6: Functioning and disability Concepts Impairment: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability: any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap: a disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a social role that is normal • As traditionally used, impairment refers to a problem with a structure or organ of the body; disability is a functional limitation with regard to a particular activity; and handicap refers to a disadvantage in filling a social role in life relative to a peer group. • CP example: David is a 4-yr.-old who has a form of cerebral palsy (CP) called spastic diplegia. David's CP causes his legs to be stiff, tight, and difficult to move. He cannot stand or walk. • Impairment: The inability to move the legs easily at the joints and inability to bear weight on the feet is an impairment. Physical therapy, orthotics and surgery may be currently available to lessen David's impairment. • Disability: David's inability to walk is a disability. His level of disability can be improved with physical therapy and special equipment. For example, if he learns to use a walker, with braces, his level of disability will improve considerably. • Handicap: David's cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, in preschool, and in the community. His level of handicap has been only very mild in the early years as he has been well-supported to be able to play with other children, interact normally with family members and participate fully in family and community activities. As he gets older, his handicap will increase where certain sports and physical activities are considered "normal" activities for children of the same age. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) 8 ICF • ICF is the WHO framework for measuring health and disability at both individual and population levels. • ICF was officially endorsed by all 191 WHO Member States as the international standard to describe and measure health and disability http://apps.who.int/classifications/icfbrowser/ 9 ICF OBJECTIVES • Describe patients situation in a common language • Provide coding and recording systems • Promote research A normal medical diagnosis reveals little about one’s functional abilities Biopsychosocial assessment All aspects of a person’s life which could influence the disease “Diagnosis alone does not predict service needs, length of hospitalization, level of care or functional outcomes” 11 An identical diagnosis: evolution and different consequences depending on multiple factors. Necessity of an evaluation and measurement of impact of disease on the individual. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ICF • Introduce the universal concept of Disability. • Stress is on health and functioning, rather than on disability. • Provides a system to facilitate the physiotherapy diagnosis (ICF is not exclusive of Physiotherapy) • The social model of disability. Complex phenomena both a problem of: – Person's body – Social phenomena ICF Structure • Body Functions (b) Description of Impairments • Body Structure (s) Description of disability • Activity & Participation (d) Description of Handicap • Environmental Factors (e) Description of Barriers and facilitators 14 • Body Functions are physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions). • Body Structures are anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components. • Activity Limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities. • Participation Restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. • Environmental Factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.. 15 16 17 18 Basic examples 19