Mining and Forestry Quiz Review PDF

Mining and Forestry Quiz Review Please see the Unit Outline to find out what Collegeboard expects you to know. Note that this quiz only covers the first three topics in the outline. You can also use the class Pear Decks, Chapter 23 (Mining) and Chapter 12 (Forests) in your textbook, or the AP Dail...

Mining and Forestry Quiz Review Please see the Unit Outline to find out what Collegeboard expects you to know. Note that this quiz only covers the first three topics in the outline. You can also use the class Pear Decks, Chapter 23 (Mining) and Chapter 12 (Forests) in your textbook, or the AP Daily Videos as a reference to help you with this. 1. True or false. As the more accessible ores are mined to depletion, mining operations are forced to access lower grade ores. 2. True or false. Accessing these ores requires increased use of resources that can cause increased waste and pollution. 3. What is overburden? The overburden is the excess soil and rock that is removed during mining. 4. When ore is refined, the waste and impurities that are removed are called tailings. These are stored in large ponds or impoundments 5. Restoring an area mined through surface mining to try to closely match the original habitat is called reclamation. 6. Name two drawbacks of using subsurface mining instead of surface mining. Subsurface mining is much more dangerous than surface mining. Subsurface mining can also lead to sinkholes and other changes to the topography of the land. 7. Explain how mining impacts habitats and biodiversity. With strip mining, mountaintop removal, and open pit mining, the entire ecosystem is destroyed. The vegetation and nutrient rich topsoil are all removed to expose the barren rock. With no habitat, wildlife can not survive so mining reduces biodiversity. 8. Explain how mining impacts air quality and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Mining decreases air quality because there is lots of dust that gets kicked up during mining. Mining also increases greenhouse gas emissions because by removing the overburden, mining releases many previously trapped gasses like methane. 9. What is the chemical reaction for acid mine drainage? Pyrite reacts with oxygen and water to produce sulfuric acid and iron hydroxide (most importantly, you should know that oxygen is necessary for this reaction, and that sulfuric acid is produced). 10. How does acid mine drainage affect stream health? a. Increases pH of streams b. Strips toxic heavy metals from soil such as lead and mercury, causing them to enter streams c. Decreases stream turbidity 11. Which of the following solutions could remediate or prevent acid mine drainage?  a. Allowing oxygen into abandoned mines b. Adding lime to the soil to neutralize the acidity c. Adding pyrite to the soil 12. What is phytoremediation? It’s the use of plants to remove toxins and pollutants from soil. 13. Describe three benefits of forests (other than phytoremediation). Forests provide lumber for building, forests provide food, forests provide ecotourism which can support people that live or work near a forest. 14. What is meant by clear-cutting? Clear cutting is when all of the trees are cut down, leaving an open, barren field. 15. What are the benefits of clear cutting? It is more cost effective and simpler. The space provided can be used for crops or housing. 16. Explain how clear cutting impacts… a. Global warming Trees absorb CO2 so they reduce global warming so by cutting down these trees, more CO2 will be left in the atmosphere so global warming will increase. b. Local stream and soil temperature Stream and soil temperatures will increase because cutting down trees means loss of shade which cools the area underneath the canopy. c. The water cycle Clear cutting disrupts the water cycle because it takes away trees that would have used that water during photosynthesis so the ground becomes oversaturated because there is nothing to use the water. d. Rates of soil erosion Rates of soil erosion will increase because the roots of the trees normally hold the soil in place but since the roots are gone, the soil will be looser and easier to be carried away. e. Turbidity and dissolved oxygen in streams Turbidity will increase because there will be more erosion which will increase the amount of debris floating in the stream. Dissolved oxygen will decrease because the increased turbidity will decrease photosynthesis and if there is less photosynthesis, then there will be less dissolved oxygen. 17. Explain how selective cutting works and why it is more sustainable than clearcutting. Selective cutting is when only certain trees are cut down in the forest and the rest are left. This is more sustainable than clear cutting because you are not disrupting the ecosystem as much and you won’t see the negative effects that clear cutting has on global warming, the water cycle, erosion, and streams. Selective cutting is more sustainable because we still get the resources we need but we do it in a way that the ecosystem can still exist and thrive. 18. Why is fire suppression a bad thing? (consider the benefits of fires in forests) Fire suppression is a bad thing because it can lead to a catastrophic fire eventually. Forest fires are a naturally occurring situation so by preventing them, we change the natural cycle. Forest fires help remove kindling and woody debris and help remove invasive species which can decimate a forest. 19. What is a prescribed burn? A prescribed burn is when humans control a forest fire so that it only occurs in one area and it can be stopped whenever necessary. The prescribed burns help forests receive the benefits of forest fires but in a safe way for humans. 20. Describe two drawbacks of urban sprawl. Increased CO2 emissions from commuters. More land use which takes away natural habitats from organisms, decreasing biodiversity 21. What is an “impervious surface” and why is it a problem? An impervious surface is a hard surface that does not let water soak into the ground. It rushes across the landscape, carrying pollutants and biological contaminants into our waterways, poisoning fish, wildlife, and us. 22. What are two ways cities can prevent urban runoff? Use permeable surfaces Add more green spaces and areas with vegetation 23. What is the definition of sustainability? Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs 24. Define “maximum sustainable yield” The largest yield that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.