Unit_4_IoT_Protocols_Networking_CU_3.0.pdf

Module - 2 Internet of Things Units for Discussion Internet of Things IoT Development Sensors & Boards Actuators Unit - 1 Unit...

Module - 2 Internet of Things Units for Discussion Internet of Things IoT Development Sensors & Boards Actuators Unit - 1 Unit - 2 Unit - 3 Networking & IoT Machine Protocol Concept Learning with IoT Unit - 4 Unit - 5  Unit - 4 Networking & IoT Protocol Concept  DISCLAIMER The content is curated from online/offline resources and used for educational purpose only. Learning Objectives Role of Networking in IoT Revisiting the OSI Model Link Layer Protocols Network Layer Protocols Transport Layer Protocols Application Layer Protocols Deployment of HTTPS protocol in IoT Deployment of MQTT protocol in IoT Data Logging of Sensors output Real world interaction using IoT device Remote Controlling of IoT device Source : www.freepik.com/ Role of Networking in IoT IoT devices can be deployed in a variety of verticals. Characteristics & needs of these devices vary significantly Connectivity – Devices need connectivity to the controllers. Power – Controlling power over network (Ethernet) Security - Securing the IoT infrastructure Compute – Using Federal computing. IoT cannot afford latency in processing Policy - IoT require specific SLAs (service-level- agreement) from the network. Source : Reference link The OSI Model Source : Reference link OSI Model……….(Example) Veer sends an e-mail to his friend Zaara. Step 1: Veer interacts with e-mail application like Gmail, etc. (Layer 7: Application layer) Step 2: Mail prepares for data transmission like encrypting and formatting (Layer 6: Presentation Layer) Step 3: Connection established between the sender and receiver on the internet. (Layer 5: Session Layer) Step 4: Email data is broken into smaller segments. Adds sequence number and error-checking information to maintain the reliability of the information. (Layer 4: Transport Layer) Step 5: Addressing of packets is done in order to find the best route for transfer. (Layer 3: Network Layer) Step 6: Data packets are encapsulated into frames, then MAC address is added for local devices and then it checks for error using error detection. (Layer 2: Data Link Layer) Step 7: Lastly Frames are transmitted in the form of electrical/ optical signals over a physical network After the email reaches the receiver i.e. Zaara, the process will reverse and decrypt the e-mail  Link Layer protocols Top five protocols in the Link Layer are Ethernet, Wifi, WImax, Low rate WPAN and mobile communication such as 5G, 4G and 3GNetwork devices, or networking The PHY layer manages the hardware that modulates and demodulates the RF bits MAC layer sends and receives RF frames. Each packet includes a MAC layer data header that contains addressing information, as well as packet options. Source : Reference link Network Layer Protocols 6LoWPAN also called the adaptation layer. Implements IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Network. Centered around a person’s workspace and connected through a wireless medium It is faster and more reliable and provides a large number of addresses. Source : Reference link Transport Layer Protocols Contains the transport agents TCP – Transfer Control Protocol TCP is highly reliable and has error control, control flow and congestion control. UDP – User Datagram Protocol No error control, simple request and response cycles are there More friendly for IoT Source : Reference link Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP HTTP is a connectionless protocol. HTTP client initiates a request and waits for a response from the server. When the server receives the request, the server processes the request and sends back the response to the HTTP client after which the client disconnects the connection. The connection between client and server exist only during the current request and response time only. Source : Reference link Application Layer Protocols Server (Broker) – Client mechanism Provides service to the users Example - User wants to know temp. of his smart refrigerator. Can set the messaging capacity and concludes the performance of the service Mostly fit into the standard of IoT Types – MQTT, SMQTT, RF, LoRA, CoAP, ZigBee, etc Source : Reference link Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) Suitable for vehicle to vehicle automotive communication Uses a publishers-subscriber model Four main components involved The publishers publish the message or rather subscribe to a topic. The MQTT sends it over to the subscriber clients. The broker acts as a storage component. Each topic has a label for identification. Next, the client sends more subscription’s topics Source : Reference link Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Specializes in web transfer protocol Used in constrained networks and constrained nodes Adopts same working as HTTP Client sends a request and the server responds to the request Smart “thing” is capable of acting both as a server and client Source : Reference link Advanced Messaging Query Protocol (AMQP) Goal of AMQP is to be practical, reliable and useful Also termed as “Internet Protocol for Business Managing” Users feel a connection to technology without sense of being left out. Exchange receives the messages from published and then forward these messages. Queues saves these messages and then sends it over to the subscriber. Source : Reference link Routing Protocol (RPL) For low-power Lossy networks Conditional to DODAG(Destination oriented acrylic graphs). Graph that contains no cycle such as the spanning trees Has chances of packet loss Multicast message by any given node Source : Reference link  Long Range Wide Area Network Protocol (LoRaWAN) LoRa physical layer creates long-range communication links Uses unlicensed spectrum in the ISM bands (Uses Spread Spectrum Technology) LoRaWAN is the MAC layer i.e. the software to enable networking. Source : Reference link Bluetooth Operates within the unlicensed bands from 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz Invented by Ericson in 1994 Bluetooth stages up to 10 meters Presents information up to at least 1 Mbps or 3 Mbps Uses FHSS (Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum) Elements of information transmitted at different frequencies Source : Reference link Piconet & Scatternet (Bluetooth Types) Two major network architectures Piconet – One Master node with Seven slave nodes Communication can be one-to-one or one-to-many. Scatternet – Interconnecting Scatternets One Scatternet Slave act as Master of another new Scatternet Scatternet node is Bridge node Source : Reference link ZigBee Protocol Low-cost, low-power wireless machine-to-machine (M2M) and IoT network Supports much lower data rates and uses a mesh networking protocol Self-healing feature Operate on 2.4 Ghz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz frequencies. ZigBee Alliance is a nonprofit alliance between around 400 technology companies Source : Reference link  Lab -1 Deployment of HTTPS on IoT Device  Lab -2 Deployment of MQTT on IoT Device  Lab -3 Deployment of Firebase Data Logging from IoT Device  Lab -4 Post Tweets on Twitter(X) from IoT Device  Lab -5 Remote Controlling of IoT Device through Telegram Conclusion IoT networking involves connecting a diverse range of devices, sensors, and objects to the Internet or local networks. These connected devices collect, exchange, and process data to enable automation, monitoring, and control in various applications. IoT Communication are lossy in nature MQTT protocol works on broker-subscriber mechanism IoT can use HTTP protocols using API Keys Source : www.freepik.com/ References https://techvidvan.com/tutorials/communication-protocols-in-iot/ https://www.arubanetworks.com/en-in/solutions/internet-of-things/ https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-http https://iotdesignpro.com/articles/different-types-of-wireless-communication-protocols-for-iot https://thingspeak.com/pages/learn_more https://knepublishing.com/index.php/Kne-Social/article/view/4128/8495 https://docs.blynk.io/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_Low_Energy https://radiocrafts.com/technologies/coap-constrained-application-protocol/ https://www.celona.io/network-infrastructure/iot-network https://www.javatpoint.com/hub https://www.javatpoint.com/router https://www.javatpoint.com/switch Let’s Start Quiz 1. The numbers of layers in OSI Model is a) 8 b) 7 c) 6 d) 5 Answer: B 7 Quiz 2. Among the following layers, identify the one which is used for LoRa.? a) Datalink layer b) Transport layer c) Application layer d) Physical layer Answer: D Physical layer Quiz 3. Identify the one that is not a networking device. a) Switch b) Traffic analyzer c) Bridge d) Router Answer: B Traffic analyzer Quiz 4. On what is MQTT based upon? a) Publisher - Subscriber Architecture b) client-server Architecture c) Both A & B d) none Answer: A Publisher - Subscriber Architecture Quiz 5. MQTT stands for _________ a) Message Query Telemetry Transport b) MetaQuery Telemetry Transport c) Multiple Query Telemetry Transport d) Multi-Queue Query Telemetry Transport Answer: A Message Query Telemetry Transport Thank You