Unpacking the Self PDF

UNPACKING THE SELF PHYSICAL MATERIAL/ POLITICAL SELF ECONOMIC SELF SELF SEXUAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF...

UNPACKING THE SELF PHYSICAL MATERIAL/ POLITICAL SELF ECONOMIC SELF SELF SEXUAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF DIGITAL SELF Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  PHYSICAL SELF The self as impacted by the body Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  “ Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else.” – Leonardo da Vinci Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Physical Self ▪ is the concrete dimension, the tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  “Physical Self/Body is an initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality” –William James Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Psychosexual Theory of Development (Sigmund Freud) ▪ In the Psychoanalytical school, Sigmund Freud's construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience. ▪ Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stage Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development 1. Oral Stage (Birth-1.5 years) 2. Anal Stage (1.5-3 years) 3. Phallic Stage (4-5 years) 4. Latent Stage (5 years – puberty) 5. Genital Stage (puberty) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Proper use of the genital terms for children Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Psychosocial Theory of Development (Erik Erikson) ▪ -The role of bodily organs is especially important in early developmental stages of a persons life. ▪ Later in life, the development of physical as well as intellectual skills help determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose demanding roles in a complex society. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Somatic Society (Bryan Turner) ▪ The sociology of the body become an established discipline in the 1990’s. ▪ Bryan Turner, coined the term “somatic society” which means the new found importance of the body in contemporary society. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  The obsession to have a beautiful face & body Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  The demand for Cosmetic Surgery and Skin Whiteners Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Body Shaming ▪ Criticizing your own appearance, through a judgment or comparison to another person. ▪ Criticizing another’s appearance in front of them ▪ Criticizing another’s appearance without their knowledge. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Physical Self Issues and Conflicts Eating Disorders (DSM-5) ▪ Anorexia Nervosa ▪ characterized by loss of body weight and refusal to eat. Appetite is usually intact. ▪ Bulimia Nervosa Body Dysmorphic Disorder ▪ characterized by recurrent (DSM-5) and frequent binge eating with or without vomiting. ▪ characterized by a distressing and impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder... Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  We are NOT our bodies. We live in our bodies, but our bodies do not make up WHO we are. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  SEXUAL SELF Understanding one’s identity and sexuality Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Biological Perspective of One’s Sex ▪ At conception, egg and sperm unite to create a new organism that incorporates some characteristics of each parent. ▪ The first 22 pairs are called AUTOSOMES. The last pair is known as the SEX CHROMOSOMES. ▪ Genetic basis for Sex Determination: ▪ X Chromosome ▪ Y Chromosome Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Secondary Sex Characteristics Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Erogenous Zones where the libido is centered (according to Freud) parts of the body that experience heightened sensitivity and/or signal sexual arousal of some kind Needs stimulation by engaging the person in gratifying activities Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Lust and attraction shut off the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which includes rational behavior. The hypothalamus regulates the function of the pituitary gland to secrete hormones. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role in stimulating the production of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen from the testes and ovaries Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Attachment is the predominant factor in long-term relationships. While lust and attraction are pretty much exclusive to romantic entanglements, attachment mediates friendships, parent-infant bonding, social cordiality, and many other intimacies as well. Primary hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) is produced by the hypothalamus and released in large quantities during sex, breastfeeding, and childbirth. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Attraction involves the brain pathways that control “reward” behavior, which partly explains why the first few weeks or months of a relationship can be so exhilarating and even all-consuming. High levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, are released during attraction. These chemicals make us giddy, energetic, and euphoric, even leading to decreased appetite and insomnia. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  The Sexual Response Cycle model that describes the physiological responses, that occur during sexual activity. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sex vs. Gender SEX Sex (sometimes called biological sex, anatomical sex, or physical sex) A person’s identity based on their physical characteristics, genes and hormones. Male: Penis Female: Vagina Intersex: chromosomes and hormones of a female/male but external genital is like that of a male/female Also refers to sexual acts, as in ‘having sex’ Primary and Secondary Sex characteristics Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sex vs. Gender GENDER Gender is the structure of social relations that centers on the reproductive arena, and the set of practices that bring reproductive distinctions into social processes. A term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with a given sex; it is generally considered to be a socially constructed concept. Gender underlies assumptions regarding ‘Masculine’ or ‘Feminine’ behavior Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sex vs. Gender GENDER Refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person's biological sex. Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender - normative; Behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non - conformity (APA, 2012). Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexual Diversity ▪ Sex and gender are often thought of as binary categories; that is, we can be either male or female, or feminine or masculine. However, this is a FALSE assumption. ▪ Although sex can be quantified by DNA and genetic testing, sometimes the results are difficult to make sense of with regard to their social implications. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexual Diversity GENDER IDENTITY Who you think you are ▪ One's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both or neither – how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves which can be the same or different from their sex assigned at birth. ▪ Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self-identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexual Diversity GENDER IDENTITY Who you think you are ▪ CISGENDER – A person whose gender identity matches his or her assigned sex ▪ TRANSGENDER – A person whose lived experiences do not match their assigned sex ▪ Transwoman - person whose assigned sex is male and identifies as a woman ▪ Transman - person whose assigned sex is female and identifies as a man Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexual Diversity GENDER EXPRESSION How you demonstrate who you are Refers to the ways that humans choose to display their gender identity to the world usually expressed through: behavior, clothing, haircut or voice and which may/may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexual Diversity SEXUAL ORIENTATION/ATTRACTION Who you are romantically and sexually into Sexual orientation is all about who you are physically, spiritually, and emotionally attracted to (specifically into sexual and romantic attraction), and the labels tend to describe the relationships between your gender and the gender types you’re attracted to. Straight (Heterosexual) - Attracted to people of the opposite gender Gay/Lesbian (Homosexual) - Attracted to people of the same gender Bisexual - Can be attracted to both men and women Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  The Church and Sexuality Sexual Intercourse the two primary purposes of sexual intercourse are: ▪ “UNITIVE” (unite the couple) and ▪ “PROCREATIVE” (create more people). Pope Francis on Sexuality Pope Francis has repeatedly spoken about the need for the Catholic Church to welcome and love all people regardless of sexual orientation. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Sexually Transmitted Infections ▪ 1984 First Case of HIV in the Philippines ▪ 1 million STI cases everyday worldwide (WHO, 2016) ▪ Estimated 357 million each year are infected by 1 of 4 STIs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis (WHO, 2016) ▪ Drug resistance is a challenge esp. for Gonorrhea (WHO, 2018) ▪ Poor young females more vulnerable than well-off counterparts (Abrigo, n.a.) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self The Philippines has the fastest growing HIV ▪ 237% increase in annual new HIV epidemic in Asia and the Pacific Region infections from 2010 to 2020 ▪ AIDS-related death have increased by 315% from 2010 to 2020 ▪ Total HIV prevalence in the Philippines is less than 1% ▪ Total estimated number of Filipinos living with HIV in 2020 has reached 115,100 ▪ If rapid increase in new infections is sustained, estimated number of Filipinos living with HIV will triple by 2030 reaching over 330,000.  HIV and AIDS ▪ TRANSMITTED THROUGH: ▪ Unprotected sex ▪ Blood transfusion ▪ Pregnancy ▪ Non-sterile instruments ▪ NOT TRANSMITTED THROUGH: ▪ Touching ▪ Food ▪ Kissing ▪ Insect bites ▪ Swimming in pools Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Other STDs ▪ Bacterial STDs can be treated and cured with antibiotics. These include: ▪ Chlamydia. ▪ Gonorrhea. ▪ Syphilis. ▪ Viral STDs that can be managed with treatment. These include: ▪ Herpes. ▪ HIV. ▪ Human papilloma virus (HPV). Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Philippine Laws on HIV/AIDS REPUBLIC ACT 8504 (RA 8504) REPUBLIC ACT 11166 (RA 11166) ▪ Philippine AIDS Prevention and ▪ This new law attempts to address Control Act of 1998 discrepancies of RA 8504 ▪ Public awareness of HIV/AIDS ▪ It defines HIV and AIDS education as a right, and also ensures free treatment through comprehensive nationwide provided and stricter policies to enact educational and information against discrimination campaigns ▪ Prohibits HIV-Related Discrimination ▪ Full protection of human rights and such as in the workplace and in civil liberties of every person learning institutions suspected or known to have ▪ Allows minor from 15-17 years old to HIV/AIDS undergo HIV testing without parental consent with assistance of licensed health or social worker  How to avoid STIs and AIDS ABSTINENCE The most reliable way to VACCINATION avoid infection is to not Vaccines are safe, effective, and have sex (i.e., anal, vaginal recommended ways to prevent or oral). hepatitis B and HPV. MUTUAL MONOGAMY Mutual monogamy means that you agree to be sexually active with only one person, who has agreed to be sexually active only with you. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  MATERIAL/ECONOMIC SELF The Self in association to his/her possessions Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  William James on the “Self” from his book The Principles of Psychology (1890) “A man’s self is the sum total of all that he can call his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but his clothes and his house, his wife and children, his ancestors and friends, his reputation and works, his lands and horses, and yacht and bank-account. All these things give him the same emotions. If they wax and prosper, he feels triumphant; if they dwindle and die away, he feels cast down,—not necessarily in the same degree for each thing, but in much the same way for all.” - William James Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Material Self Refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation my or mine. BODILY SELF EXTENDED SELF refers to any part refers to anything that is beyond our of our body. These body (Psychological ownership) entities are clearly an intimate part of who we are. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Functions of Possessions Possessions can go beyond their functional value. Influence Power Sympathy Social status Emotions Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Materialism The importance a consumer attaches to worldly possessions. The extent to which consumption becomes the primary source of satisfaction, as well as the dominant mode of motivation. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Can possessions really buy happiness and stability? Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Symbolic Communication Model: Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of Identity There’s an observation that one’s possessions are considered a part of oneself. They are symbols and extensions of the personal and social aspects of her identity/personhood. Possession help people define themselves. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Symbolic Communication Model: Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of Identity Possessions can enhance one’s image and develop a positive sense of self. It can be a reassurance that one is the person one’s wishes to be. Goods and possessions are used to fill in or to compensate for the person lacks. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Possessions and Self-Identity For example: A recent graduate of Ph.D., for example, may prominently display his diploma in an attempt to convince himself (and others) that he is the erudite scholar he aspires to be. Even though you are not too smart or not qualified, so long as you wear an expensive watch, an high-class pair of shoes and you have the latest model of cellphone. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Conspicuous Consumption Consumers own high-priced, status-oriented goods to impress others and to convince them of their high social status. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Loss of Possessions Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Possessions as Unstable Meanings Meaning is in a constant state of flux. Cultural categories of person that help shape identity are subject to constant manipulation by individuals, social groups, and marketing agents. Meanings of objects that are used to make visible and stabilize the categories of culture are also subject to frequent change through their appropriation in advertising, in television programming, and among social subgroups. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Pets as Extensions of the Self Pets have become parts of the extended self. Pets belong to the top 5 possessions. Positive relationship between self-esteem and owning pets (Covert et al, 1985) The dog as “co-therapist” (Levinson, 1962) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Material Self-care Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  “It is the preoccupation with possessions, more than anything else, that prevents us from living freely and nobly.” ― Bertrand Russell Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  SPIRITUAL SELF The practice of religion: belief in supernatural being and power Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Religion and Spirituality ▪ Religion – an organized system of ideas about the spiritual or supernatural realm, that is accompanied by rituals. Through rituals, people attempt to influence things that they think are beyond their control. ▪ Spirituality – also concerns an aspect of the divine and supernatural but is often times limited to the individual, with no need for any formal organization. This is the search for meaning and direction in life and the ways ▪ The two are related: Although not separate from one another, spirituality is much more profound than religion. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Religion: Rituals ▪ Religions have rituals/ritu. ▪ What ever is done repeatedly. 2 types of ritual ▪ According to the Calendar (Calendric) ▪ Based on crisis Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Examples of Catholic Rituals and Practices ( Chara Scroope, 2022) The 7 Sacraments are categorized into 1. The Sacraments of Initiation: (Baptism, the Eucharist, and confirmation) 2. The Sacraments of Healing: (Reconciliation and Anointing of the sick) 3. The Sacraments of Vocational Consecration (matrimony, ordination, Vows to Religious life) Each Sacrament contains both a visible ritual and an invisible, spiritual component that connects the receiver to God.  Other examples of Catholic Rituals ▪ Fasting (Pag-aayuno) Attending mass (Pagmimisa) ▪ Healing (Panggagamot) Praying a novena (Pagnonobena) ▪ Offering (Pag-aalay) Praying the rosary (Pagrorosaryo) ▪ “Panalanging walang patid” Senakulo Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Spirituality involves the The Meaning of Spirituality recognition of a feeling, or (Yabut, 2023) sense, or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence (Armstrong, T. 2020) SYNTHETIC CONVENTIONAL STAGE (age 12 and up) conformity to authority and the religious development of a personal identity. Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from inconsistencies. INDIVIDUATIVE-REFLECTIVE STAGE (age 21 and up) stage of angst and struggle. The individual takes personal responsibility for his or her beliefs and feelings. As one is able to reflect on one's own beliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also increases the awareness of conflicts in one's belief. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Logotherapy Logotherapy involves helping a person (Victor Frankl) find personal meaning in life. Logotherapy proposes that meaning in life can be discovered in three distinct ways: 1. By creating a work or doing a deed. 2. By experiencing something or encountering someone. 3. By the attitude that we take toward unavoidable suffering. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  POLITICAL SELF Developing a Filipino Identity Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Political Self – an increasing awareness of the deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of many of our traditional political and economic institutions. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY ∙ is a thriving field of social scientific inquiry, with roots in political science and psychology and connections to a range of other social sciences, including sociology, economics, communication, business, education, and many other fields. Political psychologists attempt to understand the psychological underpinnings, roots, and consequences of political behavior. ∙ is an inherently interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explain political phenomena with insights from psychology, political science, sociology, and related disciplines. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY ∙ A branch of applied psychology that increases understanding how people shape and are shaped by the political world around them. Political Ideology Political Behavior Political Power The term refers to any form of (individual is the ability of an individual or a group Is defined as a set of a stable or collective) involvement in the political of people to influence the thoughts, interrelated beliefs and attitudes that process, or any activity which has political actions, and mindset of people in a organize views on political social issues consequences in relation to government nation. (Jost et al., 2009) and policy. (Oxford, Dictionary of Sociology) WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES? 1. Political differences arise simply from partisan identification. (Campbell, 1960) 2. Political differences arise from underlying political ideology (Jost, 2006) Varying along a single left-right spectrum “The term political spectrum is a concept that models political beliefs and ideologies as a continuum, with left-wing liberalism and right-wing conservatism anchoring the two poles” Left – Liberalism Right – Conservatism Concerned with social change Concerned with Traditional and equality morality and hierarchy  POWER AND POLITICS Two Sources of Political Power 1. Percolation-up model - It assumes that power rests with the citizens of a country. The citizens in turn elect leaders and give them political power to run the country on their behalf. 2. Drip-down model - Ultimate power doesn’t rest with the citizens but with the leadership of a country.  Why is Politics Necessary? Politics – refers to the actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a nation or society. Politics as imbibed by man implies several things: Concerned with power Functions based on a particular social economic and cultural context Based on one’s personality Goes hand in hand with the society Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Political Culture ▪ Political Culture is the pattern of individual attitudes and orientation towards politics among members of a political system. ▪ Characteristics of Philippine Political Culture 1. Dominance of family ties or kinship system 2. Euphemism 3. Utang na Loob 4. Sense of overdependency 5. Belief that majority of politicians are corrupt 6. Lack of political maturity Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Citizenship and the Ideal Citizen ▪ Citizenship is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ▪ Jus sanguinis (law of blood) which is the legal principle that, at birth, an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural parent/s. ▪ Jus soli (law of soil) is the legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Citizenship vs. Nationality Political Status Individual Membership Based on legal or juristic concept Based on ethnic or racial Can be changed Cannot be changed It can be reversed It is innate Can be multiple A person can be national of only one country. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  The Ideal Filipino Citizen ▪ An ideal citizen can be a person who follows laws, protects and takes care of the environment, and contributes to the welfare of other people ▪ Article XIV, Sec. 3 par. 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution identifies the qualities expected of citizens to possess, thereby creating ideal citizens. It states that an ideal citizen is patriotic and nationalistic, foster love of humanity, has respect to human rights, appreciate the role of national heroes, knows the tights and duties of citizenship, has strong ethical and spiritual values, and has good moral character and personal discipline. ▪ Educational institutions has the mission to produce graduates who possess these qualities.  Governance ▪ Governance is defined as the traditions and institutions that determine how authority is exercised in a particular country. This includes: 1. The process by which governments are selected, held accountable, monitored, and replaced; 2. The capacity of government to manage resources efficiently and formulate, implement, and enforced sound policies and regulations; 3. The respect of citizens and the states for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Active Citizenship ▪ Structured forms of engagement with political processes and everyday forms of participation in a society. ▪ Engaging in such activities can also enhance efficacy and competence of the younger generation, as they are considered to be the “future leaders of the society” Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  TRAITS OF AN ACTIVE CITIZEN 1. Nationalism or Love of Country a. Loyalty to the Republic of the Philippines b. Readiness to defend the State c. Obedience to the Constitution and other Philippine law 2. Respect for every person's rights 3. Productivity  Positive Filipino Values Bayanihan Damayan Familism or Close Optimism Family Ties Understanding the Self UNIT 4: Mental Health, Coping and Resiliency  Positive Filipino Values Hospitality Regionalism Flexibility Religious Understanding the Self UNIT 4: Mental Health, Coping and Resiliency  Political Self among Filipinos in the Present ▪ The SWS survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 1,440 adults 18 years old and above. ▪ One out of 4 Filipinos looks for senatorial candidates who "will not be corrupt" Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Political Preferences and Socio-economic Status Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  DIGITAL SELF Self and identity in the cyberspace Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Cyberpsychology ▪ New field within applied psychology ▪ Branch of psychology that examines: ▪ how we interact with others using technology ▪ how our behaviour is influenced by technology ▪ how technology can be developed to best suit our needs ▪ how our psychological states can be affected by technologies Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  how we interact with others using technology Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  how our behaviour is influenced by technology Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  how technology can be developed to best suit our needs Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  how our psychological states can be affected by technologies Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Cyberpsychology ▪ Mainly focused in the world wide web specifically Social Media Other technologies involved: ▪ Online and offline gaming such as video games ▪ Mobile computing ▪ Artificial intelligence ▪ Virtual reality ▪ Augmented reality Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Self and identity in the cyberspace ▪ Identity – development of one’s self-concept, including one’s thought and feelings about oneself ONLINE WORLD ACTUAL SELF OUGHT SELF IDEAL SELF ONLINE ANONYMITY Gives people the chance to present any of these three selves and hence permits individuals to better present aspect of their true selves than they would feel capable of doing in a face-to-face interaction Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Responsible use of social media Setting Boundaries to your online self: Smart Sharing ▪ Guide Questions to consider before posting: ▪ Is this post/story necessary? ▪ Is there a real benefit to this post – is it funny, warm-hearted, teachable – or am I just making noise online without purpose? Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Digital Citizenship (Council of Europe, 2019) Being Online Well-being Online Rights Online Information related to how we Information related to how we feel Information related to being engage and exist online, it comprises online, comprising another three accountable online, comprising the three digital domains: access and digital domains: ethics and empathy, final four digital domains: active inclusion, learning and creativity and health and well-being, and participation, rights and media and information literacy. e-presence and communications. responsibilities, privacy and security and consumer awareness. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Digital World issues and conflicts Fear of missing out (FoMO) ▪ exists when an individual is anxious of being left out and feels the constant need to know what the others are doing ▪ It is an anxiety that emanates from the feeling that you are not up to date because of the phase social media and news pass very quickly Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Digital World issues and conflicts Screen Dependency Disorder ▪ Emerging problem (not yet included in DSM-5 and/or ICD-10) ▪ dependent, problematic behavior, including withdrawal symptoms, increasing tolerance (for screen use), ▪ failure to reduce or stop screen activities, lying about the extent of use, loss of outside interests, and continuation of screen use despite adverse consequences. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Digital World issues and conflicts Internet gaming disorder ▪ is a pattern of excessive and prolonged Internet gaming that results in a cluster of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including progressive loss of control over gaming, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, analogous to the symptoms of substance use disorders. ▪ Conditions for further study (DSM-5) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self  Digital World How Social Media affects the society? issues and conflicts Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self