Unit 2: Communication in Today's Society (OCR)

PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society ACTIVITY: Drawer The class will be divided into groups Each group will have to decide one representative. The representative will have to pick a word from the box and draw it. The drawing should not contain any words or lett...

PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society ACTIVITY: Drawer The class will be divided into groups Each group will have to decide one representative. The representative will have to pick a word from the box and draw it. The drawing should not contain any words or letters. The team should guess what the word/phrase is as depicted in the drawing. There will be 1 min and 30 secs given in each group to guess as many words as they can.  PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society Table of contents Globalization, Diversity, and 01 Multiculturalism Relationship between culture and 02 communication 03 Cultures within Cultures 04 Dimensions of Culture in Action Culture is communication and communication is culture GLOBALIZATION refers to the increasing economic, political, and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures, worldwide integration of humanity. Examples: Global trade, language exchange, pop culture, food globalization DIVERSITY refers to the recognition and valuing of differences, encompassing factors such as agea, gender, race, ethnicity, ability, religion, education, marital status, sexual orientation, and income. Marshall McLuhan Our world is a global village He argued that media, such as television and radio were shrinking the world. He believed that due to global village, this would lead to blending of cultures, creating a more homogenous world while eroding local traditions. Multiculturalism refers to the engagement with and respect toward people from distinctly different cultures. being sensitive to cultural differences and demonstrate our ability to adapt to the explicit and implicit rules at work in other cultures In the Working World Identity diversity - people who come from different races and religions Cognitive diversity - people who come from different outlooks and training These two come together to do organization’s work. GLOBALIZATION - a process The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of people, cultures, economies, and nations facilitated by technology and trade. DIVERSITY - a fact The presence of a variety of people with different characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ability, age, and socioeconomic status. MULTICULTURALISM - a result A condition in which different cultures coexist peacefully in a society. It involves the recognition, appreciation, and celebration of diverse cultures. Melting Pot Philosophy Years ago, the United States embraced the Melting Pot Philosophy According to this philosophy, when individuals immigrated to the United States, they lost or gave up their original heritage and became American citizens. Cultural Pluralism Philosophy This philosophy allows for cultures to maintain differences while coexisting in broader society, replacing the melting pot philosophy. Cultural pluralists believe that in respect for uniqueness and tolerance for difference. Intercultural Communication refers to the process of interpreting and sharing meanings with individuals from different cultures Aspects: a. Interracial Communication b. Interethnic Communication c. International Communication d. Intracultural Communication Aspects of Intercultural Communication Interracial Interethnic International Communication Communication Communication occurs between people of occurs when the occurs between people different races communicating parties have representing different different ethnic origins political structures Intracultural Communication includes all forms of communication among members of the same racial, ethnic, or other co-culture groups  Examples Interracial Interethnic International Communication Communication Communication Friendships, romantic Conversations within Business, trade, diplomatic relationships, workplace, Mangyan, Ilocano, Cebuano, relations, international neighbors Bikolano, etc., conferences and summits Intracultural Communication Family gatherings, festivals, community events, religious events,  “Does bringing different cultures together make them all the same, or does it actually make them stronger and more unique?”  PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society ACTIVITY: Messenger The class will be divided into groups of 4 groups. The group will be pair up with another group to compete. The groups need to form one straight line. The end will get the main message by picking anything from the box, while the front will write what message they got on the board. The groups will be given 1 min and 30 secs to complete the task Table of contents Globalization, Diversity, and 01 Multiculturalism Relationship between culture and 02 communication 03 Cultures within Cultures 04 Dimensions of Culture in Action “They not like us” Cultural Ignorance refers to instances when we fail to realize that people from different cultures may not look, think, or act as we do. we risk appearing insensitive, ignorant, or culturally confused (lacking knowledge of cultural differences) CULTURE refers to the lens through which we view the world. It is the mirror we use to reflect and interpret reality. It reveals what is beautiful or ugly, helpful or harmful, appropriate or of out place. Culture is a Teacher every culture provides its members with a series of lessons. It also guides behavior and communication, revealing to members how to act, think, and listen. Enculturation - the process of acquiring a culture. This can be directly or indirectly. Examples of Cultural Ignorance Showing the sole of a shoe and/or Crossing one’s legs when sitting: This mannerism means nothing to observers in the United States or Europe- it indicates relaxation. However, In Muslim cultures, the gesture is perceived as insulting. In korean, it is a social faux pas. North Americans place a high value on looking someone in the eye and tend to distrust those who fail to do so. However, the Japanese believe that eye contact sustained period of time shows disrespect- intrusive. Stereotypes and Prejudice Stereotypes (beliefs) refer to mental images we carry around in our heads. These are shortcut narratives that can either be positive or negative, that we use to guide our reactions to others. Prejudice (attitudes) describes how we feel about a group of people whom we don't know personally. Racial Profiling - an example of stereotyping as people tend to categorize individuals based on their races secs after seeing their faces/physical appearance. Cultural Impressionism Cultural Impressionism is the exertion of significant influence or control over another culture. Cultural impressionism overwhelms the national cultures of other countries through news, entertainment, and product. Ethnocentrism - the tendency to see our own culture as superior to all other cultures. How to resolve? Cultural Flexibility - act when we interact with people whose values or behavioral norms are different from ours. It enables us to communicate more effectively. Cultural Relativism - belief recognizing that all cultures are different and work instead to understand the behavior of other cultural groups based on the context. (not just your own frame of reference) Skill Builder For each of the six behaviors, please provide concrete example of how you either exhibited or did not exhibit the behavior when communicating with at least three different persons from three different cultures. I go out of my way to be with people who are like me. I can cooperate with people like me, but i find it difficult to cooperate with people unlike me. I trust those who are like me more freely than i trust those who are different from me. I am less fearful when I am around people like me than when I am around people unlike me. I am much more suitable to blame people unlike me for causing trouble than I am to blame people like me I believe that people unlike me should make an effort to become more like me. ASSIGNMENT: Eat your Favorite Food Sleep 10 hours Do something nice ACTIVITY: “PINOY HENYO” The class will be divided into groups of 5 groups. Each group needs to choose one representative to guess the word to be posted on the whiteboard. The group can only use the “pass” ONE time only. The groups will be given 1 min and 30 secs to guess as many words as they can.  PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society Table of contents Globalization, Diversity, and 01 Multiculturalism Relationship between culture and 02 communication 03 Cultures within Cultures 04 Dimensions of Culture in Action Culture within Cultures To become more adept in communicating with people who differ culturally from us, we need to learn not only about other cultures but also about our own.  Is it essential to understand and appreciate other cultures to foster global peace and understanding, or is it sufficient to merely tolerate differences? Why?  Cultural Identity 1. Gender Roles 2. Age and Generational Membership 3. Racial and Ethnic Identities 4. Religious Identity 5. Socioeconomic Identity 6. National Identity 7. Physical Ability Gender Roles Gender is culturally constructed concept revealing how each of us has been socialized in relation to our sex. How we define gender roles affects the ways a person present themselves, socialize, work, perceive their futures, and communicate. People identify themselves as belonging to communities e.g. LGBTQIA+ Age and Generational Membership The Greatest Generation - born between 1900 and 1945 The Baby Boomers - born between 1946 and 1964 Generation X - born between 1965 and 1982 Generation Y - “millennials” born between 1983 and 1995 iGeneration Z - “post millennials” born after 1995 Generation Alpha - members born in 2010 and after Age and Generational Membership 1. Greatest Generation - they are known for respecting authority, following rules, being loyal to their employing organizations, and respecting timeliness. 2. Baby Boomers - they are known for questioning authority, displaying “can do” attitude, and focusing on how to get their way. 3. Generation X - known for seeking a work-life balance and being loyal people, not organizations. They saw the traditional gender roles blend and flex. 4. Generation Y - they are known for being technologically savvy. They also have high expectations and think they are proficient multitaskers. 5. iGeneration Z - described as conscientious, somewhat anxious, and predisposed to “play it safe”, they are looked to as prime platforms where incriminating images disappear virtually instantly. Concerned with personal brands but believe that the generation before them posted too openly. 6. Generation Alpha - most technologically immersed. Members are said to care about issues and displays an impatience to get things done. Racial and Ethnic Identities Individual’s attitudes and behaviors may reflect their struggles, influencing their attitudes toward contemporary issues such as affirmative action. Some racial and ethnic groups share the same experiences of oppression. Religious Identity Religious identity is at the root of countless contemporary conflicts occurring in numerous areas Middle East, India, Pakistan, and United States with anti-Muslim sentiment. Socioeconomic Identity Socioeconomic identity frames how we respond to issues of our day. The gap between different social class (Upper, Middle, Working Class) have different attitudes on a wide array of issues. National Identity National Identity refers to our legal status or citizenship. Some people in the United States who have lived there for a very long time, even for many generations, might still be seen as foreigners by some people because their ancestors came from different countries. Physical Ability Individuals without disabilities are prone to viewing disability as an unfortunate condition. Disability is just on feature of the person, not their only identifying characteristics.  PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society From the list, use the identities to describe the person you are willing to be stuck with during a zombie apocalypse. From the list, use the identities to describe the person you are willing to share your braces with From the list, use the identities to describe the person you are willing sneak out in the middle of the night with From the list, use the identities to describe the person you think knows where Alice Guo is From the list, use the identities to describe the person you are whom you think can beat Carlos Yulo From the list, use the identities to describe the person you can share your straw with From the list, use the identities to describe the person you can exchange social media accounts with From the list, use the identities to describe the person you think can beat Sara Duterte in a debate  CULTURE CO-CULTURES refers to the system of knowledge, are composed of members of the beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, same general culture who differ in and artifacts that are acquired, some ethnic or sociological way shared, and used by its members in from the parent culture. their daily lives. Variations among Co-cultures Co-cultures have varying norms and different ideas about what ought to be. E.g. LGBTQIA+ use the rainbow flag or use specific jargons Strategies How Co-culture interacts: 1. Assimilation 2. Accommodation 3. Separation ASSIMILATION Co-culture members who use this strategy attempts to fit in or join with the members of the dominant culture. They give up their own ways in an effort to assume the modes of behavior of the dominant culture E.g. conversing about subjects that members of the dominant talk about, (cars, sports,) dressing as members of the dominant culture dress ACCOMMODATION Co-culture members attempt to maintain their cultural identity even while they strive to establish relationships with the members from the dominant culture. E.g. A gay man or lesbian who takes their partner to an occasion at which members of the dominant culture will be present, such as a company or family celebration.  SEPARATION when members of co-culture resist interacting with members of the dominant culture. They prefer to interact with each other as they perceive other people as “outsiders” E.g Hasidic Jews prefer to have contact with people of the same culture as theirs Co-cultures Approaches to Communication 1. Passive Communication 2. Active Communication 3. Confrontational Communication Passive Communication co-culture members who use this approach seek to avoid the limelight. They accept their position in the cultural hierarchy. style where people avoid expressing their thoughts, feelings, and needs directly. E.g. recent immigrants to the United States who desire to attain citizenship may choose this path, hoping to blend in so they do not disturb the status quo. Assertive Communication Co-culture members who use this approach may seek to communicate shared cultural identity with members of the dominant group. They want others to accommodate their diversity. E.g. Arab Americans spoke openly of their patriotism, their support for the war against terror, and their desire for others to allow them to live according to their values and beliefs. Confrontational Communication co-culture members who use this approach defend their own beliefs and traditions with intensity They are perceived by members of the dominant culture as “hurtfully expressive” or “self-promoting” E.g. Act Up gay rights organization - public protests DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE IN ACTION Individualism VS Collectivism Stress individual goals The individual is expected to Cultivates individual fit into and be loyal to the achievement, initiative, and group. power Give precedence to group Primarily self-oriented and goals valuing their privacy (“I” Primarily concerns the larger narrative) group (dominant “we” Goal: develop oneself narrative) Develop the as a group (Great Britain, United States, Canada, France, Germany (Japan, China, South Korea, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Saudi Arabia) High Context VS Low Context Refers to a system of culture Refers to a system of culture that is “tradition bound” that encourages members to Their cultural traditions tell practically everything. shape the behavior and They tend to feel that they lifestyle of group members have to explain everything Prefer not to disagree, and Prefer to argue a point say no for fear of causing the other person to lose. (United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, France) (China, Japan, and South Korea) Higher Power Distance VS Lower Power Distance These countries might have These countries believe a history of strong power should be used only authoritarian leaders or when it is legitimate. governments that have used Stress equality among force or intimidation to people and their maintain control. interdependence despite their occupying different (Saudi Arabia, India, Singapore, power levels. Philippines, Malaysia) (Israel,Sweden, United States)  Monochronic VS Lower Polychronic People attuned to this Those that are not obsessed schedules time carefully, one with time and refuse to be its event at a time, preferring to slaves. complete an activity before Choosing to tackle several beginning another. different problems at the Time is linear same time. Time is cyclical (Western Cultures)  Masculine VS Feminine Members value Members value relationships, aggressiveness, strength, tenderness in members of and material symbols of both sexes, and high quality success. of life. Dominant and competitive Compromise and negotiate culture culture (Japan, Italy, Germany, Mexico, (Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Great Britain) Thailand)  PURCOM UNIT II: COMMUNICATION in today’s society