Unit 2 Matter Notes PDF

# UNIT 2: MATTER AND ENERGY ## UNIVERSE ### MATTER - Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) - Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass: Neither created nor destroyed ### ENERGY - 9 forms of energy - Law of Conservation: States energy is not created or destroyed. Just converted from one fo...

# UNIT 2: MATTER AND ENERGY ## UNIVERSE ### MATTER - Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) - Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass: Neither created nor destroyed ### ENERGY - 9 forms of energy - Law of Conservation: States energy is not created or destroyed. Just converted from one form to another. ## 9 Forms of Energy: 1. Kinetic Energy = energy of motion 2. Potential Energy = Stored energy 3. Mechanical Energy = P.E + K.E. 4. Sound Energy 5. Chemical Energy = Stored in chemical bonds - Energy is released when bonds form - Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken 6. Light Energy 7. Heat Energy - Solar Energy 8. Nuclear Energy $E= mc^2$ - Mass * Speed of light 9. Electrical Energy = Movement of Electrons ## MATTER - Has mass and volume ### SUBSTANCE - Made up of only one type of matter (always homogeneous) #### ELEMENTS: - On the periodic table - The building blocks of all matter - 118 elements - Majority are metals - Gases: Noble Gases (Group 18) - H2, O2, F2, Cl2, N2 - Liquids: - Liquid Metal: Mercury (Hg) - Liquid Non-metal: Bromine (Br) - Solids: All other elements #### COMPOUNDS: - 2 or more elements chemically combined - Gain all new chemical and physical properties. - Law of Definite Proportions: Every sample of the same compound has exactly the same ratio of each element. - Law of Multiple Proportions: The same elements can form multiple different compounds. - Ex: CO (Carbon Monoxide) and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) ### MIXTURE - Made up of 2 or more substances physically combined. - Each substance retains its identity. #### HOMOGENEOUS: - The same throughout. - Solute is dissolved. - Also known as solutions. - Ex: saltwater, sugar water, air (evenly dispersed) - ALLOYS = Solid solutions. - Ex: Bronze, Steel, Brass #### HETEROGENEOUS: - Not the same throughout. - Different composition depending on where you take a sample. - Ex: Undissolved - Like sand in water - Ex: Salad dressing, soil, blood, milk ## PROPERTIES OF MATTER ### INTENSIVE PROPERTIES: - DO NOT change depending on the size of the sample - Ex: - Density (stays the same whether its a small or large sample) - pH, color, hardness, luster (shine), malleability ### EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES: - Properties that CHANGE based on the size of the sample. - Ex: - Mass, Volume, Weight, surface area - Amount of Matter - Depends on gravity.