Unpacking The Self PDF

9/4/23 UNPACKING THE SELF PHYSICAL MATERIAL/...

9/4/23 UNPACKING THE SELF PHYSICAL MATERIAL/ POLITICAL SELF PHYSICAL SELF SELF ECONOMIC SELF The self as impacted by the body SEXUAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF DIGITAL SELF Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 1 2 Physical Self ▪ is the concrete dimension, the “ Learn how to see. Realize that everything tangible aspect of the person connects to everything else.” that can be directly observed – Leonardo da Vinci and examined. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 3 4 1  9/4/23 Psychosexual Theory of Development (Sigmund Freud) “Physical Self/Body is an ▪ In the Psychoanalytical initial source of sensation school, Sigmund Freud's and necessary for the origin and construction of self and maintenance of personality” personality makes the –William James physical body the core of human experience. ▪ Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stage Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 5 6 Psychosexual Stages of Personality Proper use of the genital terms for children Development 1. Oral Stage (Birth-1.5 years) 2. Anal Stage (1.5-3 years) 3. Phallic Stage (4-5 years) 4. Latent Stage (5 years – puberty) 5. Genital Stage (puberty) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 7 8 2  9/4/23 Psychosocial Theory of Development Somatic Society (Erik Erikson) (Bryan Turner) ▪ -The role of bodily organs is ▪ The sociology of the body especially important in early developmental stages of a become an established persons life. discipline in the 1990’s. ▪ Later in life, the development of ▪ Bryan Turner, coined the physical as well as intellectual term “somatic society” skills help determine whether the which means the new found individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose importance of the body in demanding roles in a complex contemporary society. society. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 9 10 The obsession to have a beautiful face & body The demand for Cosmetic Surgery and Skin Whiteners Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 11 12 3  9/4/23 Physical Self Body Shaming Issues and Conflicts Eating Disorders (DSM-5) ▪ Criticizing your own ▪ Anorexia Nervosa appearance, through a ▪ characterized by loss of judgment or comparison to body weight and refusal to eat. Appetite is usually another person. intact. ▪ Criticizing another’s appearance in front of them ▪ Bulimia Nervosa Body Dysmorphic Disorder ▪ characterized by recurrent (DSM-5) ▪ Criticizing another’s and frequent binge eating appearance without their with or without vomiting. ▪ characterized by a distressing and impairing preoccupation with an knowledge. imagined or slight defect in appearance. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 13 14 We are NOT our bodies. We live in our bodies, but our bodies do not make up Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder... WHO we are. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 15 16 4  9/4/23 Biological Perspective of One’s Sex ▪ At conception, egg and sperm unite to create a new organism that incorporates some characteristics of each parent. ▪ The first 22 pairs are called SEXUAL SELF AUTOSOMES. The last pair is known as the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Understanding one’s identity and sexuality ▪ Genetic basis for Sex Determination: ▪ X Chromosome ▪ Y Chromosome Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 17 18 Erogenous Zones Secondary Sex Characteristics where the libido is centered (according to Freud) parts of the body that experience heightened sensitivity and/or signal sexual arousal of some kind Needs stimulation by engaging the person in gratifying activities Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 19 20 5  9/4/23 Chemistry of Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Lust, Attraction and Attachment Lust and attraction shut off the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which includes rational behavior. The hypothalamus regulates the function of the pituitary gland to secrete hormones. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 21 22 Chemistry of Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment Lust, Attraction and Attachment Attraction involves the brain pathways that The hypothalamus of the brain control “reward” behavior, which partly explains why the first few weeks or months plays a big role in stimulating the of a relationship can be so exhilarating and production of the sex even all-consuming. hormones testosterone and High levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, are released during estrogen from the testes and attraction. These chemicals make us giddy, ovaries energetic, and euphoric, even leading to decreased appetite and insomnia. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 23 24 6  9/4/23 Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and Attachment The Sexual Response Cycle Attachment is the predominant factor in long- model that describes the physiological responses, that occur term relationships. While lust and attraction are during sexual activity. pretty much exclusive to romantic entanglements, attachment mediates friendships, parent-infant bonding, social cordiality, and many other intimacies as well. Primary hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) is produced by the hypothalamus and released in large quantities during sex, breastfeeding, and childbirth. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 25 26 Sex vs. Gender SEX Sex (sometimes called biological sex, anatomical sex, or physical sex) A person’s identity based on their physical characteristics, genes and hormones. Male: Penis Female: Vagina Intersex: chromosomes and hormones of a female/male but external genital is like that of a male/female Also refers to sexual acts, as in ‘having sex’ Primary and Secondary Sex characteristics Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 27 28 7  9/4/23 Sex vs. Gender Sex vs. Gender GENDER GENDER Gender is the structure of social relations that Refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors that centers on the reproductive arena, and the set of a given culture associates with a person's practices that bring reproductive distinctions into biological sex. social processes. A term that refers to social or cultural distinctions Behavior that is compatible with cultural associated with a given sex; it is generally expectations is referred to as gender - normative; considered to be a socially constructed concept. Gender underlies assumptions regarding Behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with ‘Masculine’ or ‘Feminine’ behavior these expectations constitute gender non - conformity (APA, 2012). Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 29 30 Sexual Diversity Sexual Diversity GENDER IDENTITY Who you think you are ▪ Sex and gender are often thought of as binary categories; that is, we can be either male or female, ▪ One's innermost concept of self as male, female, a or feminine or masculine. However, this is a FALSE blend of both or neither – how individuals perceive assumption. themselves and what they call themselves which can be the same or different from their sex assigned at birth. ▪ Although sex can be quantified by DNA and genetic testing, sometimes the results are difficult to make ▪ Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self- sense of with regard to their social implications. identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 31 32 8  9/4/23 Sexual Diversity Sexual Diversity GENDER IDENTITY GENDER EXPRESSION Who you think you are How you demonstrate who you are ▪ CISGENDER – A person whose gender Refers to the ways that humans choose to display their identity matches his or her assigned sex gender identity to the world usually expressed ▪ TRANSGENDER – A person whose lived through: experiences do not match their behavior, assigned sex clothing, ▪ Transwoman - person whose haircut or voice assigned sex is male and identifies and which may/may not conform to socially defined as a woman behaviors and characteristics typically associated with ▪ Transman - person whose assigned being either masculine or feminine. sex is female and identifies as a man Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 33 34 Sexual Diversity SEXUAL ORIENTATION/ATTRACTION Who you are romantically and sexually into Sexual orientation is all about who you are physically, spiritually, and emotionally attracted to (specifically into sexual and romantic attraction), and the labels tend to describe the relationships between your gender and the gender types you’re attracted to. Straight (Heterosexual) - Attracted to people of the opposite gender Gay/Lesbian (Homosexual) - Attracted to people of the same gender Bisexual - Can be attracted to both men and women Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 35 36 9  9/4/23 Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 37 38 The Church and Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexual Intercourse ▪ 1984 First Case of HIV in the Philippines the two primary purposes of sexual intercourse are: ▪ 1 million STI cases everyday worldwide ▪ “UNITIVE” (unite the couple) and (WHO, 2016) ▪ “PROCREATIVE” (create more people). ▪ Estimated 357 million each year are infected by 1 of 4 STIs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis Pope Francis on Sexuality (WHO, 2016) Pope Francis has repeatedly spoken about ▪ Drug resistance is a challenge esp. for the need for the Catholic Church to welcome and love all people regardless of Gonorrhea (WHO, 2018) sexual orientation. ▪ Poor young females more vulnerable than well-off counterparts (Abrigo, n.a.) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 39 40 10  9/4/23 HIV and AIDS The Philippines has the fastest growing HIV ▪ 237% increase in annual new HIV ▪ TRANSMITTED THROUGH: epidemic in Asia and the Pacific Region infections from 2010 to 2020 ▪ Unprotected sex ▪ AIDS-related death have increased ▪ Blood transfusion by 315% from 2010 to 2020 ▪ Pregnancy ▪ Total HIV prevalence in the ▪ Non-sterile instruments Philippines is less than 1% ▪ NOT TRANSMITTED THROUGH: ▪ Total estimated number of Filipinos ▪ Touching living with HIV in 2020 has reached 115,100 ▪ Food ▪ If rapid increase in new infections ▪ Kissing is sustained, estimated number of ▪ Insect bites Filipinos living with HIV will triple by ▪ Swimming in pools 2030 reaching over 330,000. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 41 42 Other STDs ▪ Bacterial STDs can be treated and Philippine Laws on HIV/AIDS cured with antibiotics. These REPUBLIC ACT 8504 (RA 8504) REPUBLIC ACT 11166 (RA 11166) include: ▪ Philippine AIDS Prevention and ▪ This new law attempts to address ▪ Chlamydia. Control Act of 1998 discrepancies of RA 8504 ▪ Gonorrhea. ▪ It defines HIV and AIDS education as a ▪ Public awareness of HIV/AIDS right, and also ensures free treatment ▪ Syphilis. through comprehensive nationwide provided and stricter policies to enact ▪ Viral STDs that can be managed with educational and information against discrimination campaigns ▪ Prohibits HIV-Related Discrimination treatment. These include: ▪ Full protection of human rights and such as in the workplace and in ▪ Herpes. civil liberties of every person learning institutions ▪ HIV. suspected or known to have ▪ Allows minor from 15-17 years old to HIV/AIDS undergo HIV testing without parental ▪ Human papilloma virus (HPV). consent with assistance of licensed health or social worker Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 43 44 11  9/4/23 How to avoid STIs and AIDS ABSTINENCE The most reliable way to VACCINATION avoid infection is to not Vaccines are safe, effective, and have sex (i.e., anal, vaginal recommended ways to prevent or oral). hepatitis B and HPV. MUTUAL MONOGAMY MATERIAL/ECONOMIC SELF Mutual monogamy means that you The Self in association to his/her possessions agree to be sexually active with only one person, who has agreed to be sexually active only with you. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 45 46 William James on the “Self” Material Self from his book The Principles of Psychology (1890) Refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation my or mine. “A man’s self is the sum total of all that he can call his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but his clothes and his house, BODILY SELF EXTENDED SELF his wife and children, his ancestors and friends, his reputation refers to any part refers to anything that is beyond our and works, his lands and horses, and yacht and bank-account. of our body. These body (Psychological ownership) All these things give him the same emotions. If they wax and entities are clearly prosper, he feels triumphant; if they dwindle and die away, he an intimate part of feels cast down,—not necessarily in the same degree for each who we are. thing, but in much the same way for all.” - William James Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 47 48 12  9/4/23 Functions of Possessions Materialism Possessions can go beyond their functional value. The importance a consumer attaches to worldly Influence possessions. Power The extent to which consumption becomes the Sympathy primary source of satisfaction, as well as the Social status dominant mode of motivation. Emotions Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 49 50 Can possessions really buy happiness and stability? Symbolic Communication Model: Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of Identity There’s an observation that one’s possessions are considered a part of oneself. They are symbols and extensions of the personal and social aspects of her identity/personhood. Possession help people define themselves. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 51 52 13  9/4/23 Symbolic Communication Model: Possessions and Self-Identity Possessions as Symbolic Expressions of Identity For example: Possessions can enhance one’s image and A recent graduate of Ph.D., for example, may develop a positive sense of self. prominently display his diploma in an attempt to It can be a reassurance that one is the person convince himself (and others) that he is the erudite one’s wishes to be. scholar he aspires to be. Goods and possessions are used to fill in or to compensate for the person lacks. Even though you are not too smart or not qualified, so long as you wear an expensive watch, an high-class pair of shoes and you have the latest model of cellphone. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 53 54 Conspicuous Consumption Loss of Possessions Consumers own high-priced, status-oriented goods to impress others and to convince them of their high social status. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 55 56 14  9/4/23 Possessions as Unstable Meanings Pets as Extensions of the Self Meaning is in a constant state of flux. Pets have become parts of the Cultural categories of person that help shape identity are subject to constant extended self. Pets belong to the top manipulation by individuals, social groups, 5 possessions. and marketing agents. Positive relationship between self- Meanings of objects that are used to make esteem and owning pets (Covert et visible and stabilize the categories of culture are also subject to frequent change al, 1985) through their appropriation in advertising, The dog as “co-therapist” (Levinson, in television programming, and among social subgroups. 1962) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 57 58 Material Self-care “It is the preoccupation with possessions, more than anything else, that prevents us from living freely and nobly.” ― Bertrand Russell Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 59 60 15  9/4/23 Religion and Spirituality ▪ Religion – an organized system of ideas about the spiritual or supernatural realm, that is accompanied by rituals. Through rituals, people attempt to influence things that they think are beyond their control. ▪ Spirituality – also concerns an aspect of the divine and SPIRITUAL SELF supernatural but is often times limited to the individual, with no need for any formal organization. This is the The practice of religion: belief in supernatural being and power search for meaning and direction in life and the ways ▪ The two are related: Although not separate from one another, spirituality is much more profound than religion. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 61 62 Religion: Rituals Examples of Catholic Rituals and Practices ( Chara Scroope, 2022) ▪ Religions have rituals/ritu. ▪ What ever is done repeatedly. The 7 Sacraments are categorized into 1. The Sacraments of Initiation: (Baptism, the Eucharist, and confirmation) 2 types of ritual 2. The Sacraments of Healing: (Reconciliation and Anointing of the sick) ▪ According to the Calendar (Calendric) 3. The Sacraments of Vocational Consecration (matrimony, ordination, Vows to ▪ Based on crisis Religious life) Each Sacrament contains both a visible ritual and an invisible, spiritual component that connects the receiver to God. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 63 64 16  9/4/23 Other examples of Catholic Rituals Spirituality involves the The Meaning of Spirituality ▪ Fasting (Pag-aayuno) Attending mass (Pagmimisa) (Yabut, 2023) recognition of a feeling, or ▪ Healing (Panggagamot) Praying a novena (Pagnonobena) sense, or belief that there is ▪ Offering (Pag-aalay) Praying the rosary (Pagrorosaryo) something greater than ▪ “Panalanging walang patid” Senakulo myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 65 66 Fowler Stages of Faith Development for Adolescence Logotherapy (Armstrong, T. 2020) (Victor Frankl) Logotherapy involves helping a person find personal meaning in life. SYNTHETIC CONVENTIONAL STAGE (age 12 and up) Logotherapy proposes that meaning in conformity to authority and the religious development of a life can be discovered in three distinct personal identity. Any conflicts with one's beliefs are ignored at this stage due to the fear of threat from ways: inconsistencies. 1. By creating a work or doing a deed. INDIVIDUATIVE-REFLECTIVE STAGE (age 21 and up) stage of angst and struggle. The individual takes personal 2. By experiencing something or responsibility for his or her beliefs and feelings. As one is encountering someone. able to reflect on one's own beliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also increases the 3. By the attitude that we take toward awareness of conflicts in one's belief. unavoidable suffering. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 67 68 17  9/4/23 POLITICAL SELF Developing a Filipino Identity Political Self – an increasing awareness of the deeply dysfunctional and divisive nature of many of our traditional political and economic institutions. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 69 70 POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY · is a thriving field of social scientific inquiry, with roots · A branch of applied psychology that increases understanding how people in political science and psychology and connections to shape and are shaped by the political world around them. a range of other social sciences, including sociology, economics, communication, business, education, and many other fields. Political psychologists attempt to understand the psychological underpinnings, roots, and consequences of political behavior. · is an inherently interdisciplinary field of study that Political Ideology Political Behavior Political Power The term refers to any form of (individual seeks to explain political phenomena with insights Is defined as a set of a stable or collective) involvement in the political is the ability of an individual or a group interrelated beliefs and attitudes that of people to influence the thoughts, from psychology, political science, sociology, and organize views on political social issues process, or any activity which has political actions, and mindset of people in a consequences in relation to government related disciplines. (Jost et al., 2009) and policy. (Oxford, Dictionary of nation. Sociology) Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 71 72 18  9/4/23 WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE POLITICAL DIFFERENCES? POWER AND POLITICS 1. Political differences arise simply from partisan identification. (Campbell, 1960) Two Sources of Political Power 2. Political differences arise from underlying political ideology (Jost, 2006) Varying along a single left-right spectrum 1. Percolation-up model - It assumes that power rests with the citizens of a “The term political spectrum is a concept that models political beliefs and country. The citizens in turn elect ideologies as a continuum, with left-wing liberalism and right- leaders and give them political power wing conservatism anchoring the two poles” to run the country on their behalf. Left – Liberalism Right – Conservatism 2. Drip-down model - Ultimate power Concerned with social change Concerned with Traditional doesn’t rest with the citizens but with the leadership of a country. and equality morality and hierarchy 73 74 Why is Politics Necessary? Political Culture ▪ Political Culture is the pattern of Politics – refers to the actions or activities individual attitudes and orientation concerned with achieving and using power in a towards politics among members of a political system. nation or society. ▪ Characteristics of Philippine Political Politics as imbibed by man implies several Culture things: 1. Dominance of family ties or kinship Concerned with power system 2. Euphemism Functions based on a particular social 3. Utang na Loob economic and cultural context 4. Sense of overdependency Based on one’s personality 5. Belief that majority of politicians are corrupt Goes hand in hand with the society 6. Lack of political maturity Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 75 76 19  9/4/23 Citizenship and the Ideal Citizen Citizenship vs. Nationality ▪ Citizenship is the legal relationship between a person and a country. Political Status Individual Membership ▪ Jus sanguinis (law of blood) which is the legal principle that, at birth, Based on legal or juristic concept Based on ethnic or racial an individual acquires the nationality of his/her natural Can be changed Cannot be changed parent/s. ▪ Jus soli (law of soil) is the legal It can be reversed It is innate principle that a person’s nationality at birth is determined by the place Can be multiple A person can be national of only of birth. one country. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 77 78 The Ideal Filipino Citizen Governance ▪ An ideal citizen can be a person who follows laws, ▪ Governance is defined as the protects and takes care of the environment, and traditions and institutions that contributes to the welfare of other people determine how authority is exercised ▪ Article XIV, Sec. 3 par. 2 of the 1987 Philippine in a particular country. This includes: Constitution identifies the qualities expected of 1. The process by which governments are citizens to possess, thereby creating ideal citizens. selected, held accountable, monitored, It states that an ideal citizen is patriotic and and replaced; nationalistic, foster love of humanity, has respect 2. The capacity of government to to human rights, appreciate the role of national manage resources efficiently and heroes, knows the tights and duties of citizenship, formulate, implement, and enforced sound policies and regulations; has strong ethical and spiritual values, and has good moral character and personal discipline. 3. The respect of citizens and the states for the institutions that govern ▪ Educational institutions has the mission to produce economic and social interactions graduates who possess these qualities. among them. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 79 80 20  9/4/23 Active Citizenship TRAITS OF AN ACTIVE CITIZEN ▪ Structured forms of engagement 1. Nationalism or Love of Country with political processes and a. Loyalty to the Republic of the everyday forms of participation in Philippines a society. b. Readiness to defend the State ▪ Engaging in such activities can also c. Obedience to the Constitution and enhance efficacy and competence other Philippine law of the younger generation, as they 2. Respect for every person's are considered to be the “future rights leaders of the society” 3. Productivity Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 81 82 Positive Filipino Values Positive Filipino Values Bayanihan Damayan Familism or Close Optimism Hospitality Regionalism Flexibility Religious Family Ties Understanding the Self UNIT 4: Mental Health, Coping and Resiliency Understanding the Self UNIT 4: Mental Health, Coping and Resiliency 83 84 21  9/4/23 Political Self among Filipinos in the Present Political Preferences and Socio-economic Status ▪ The SWS survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 1,440 adults 18 years old and above. ▪ One out of 4 Filipinos looks for senatorial candidates who "will not be corrupt" Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 85 86 DIGITAL SELF Self and identity in the cyberspace Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 87 88 22  9/4/23 Cyberpsychology how we interact with others using technology ▪ New field within applied psychology ▪ Branch of psychology that examines: ▪ how we interact with others using technology ▪ how our behaviour is influenced by technology ▪ how technology can be developed to best suit our needs ▪ how our psychological states can be affected by technologies Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 89 90 how our behaviour is influenced by technology how technology can be developed to best suit our needs Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 91 92 23  9/4/23 how our psychological states can be affected by Cyberpsychology technologies ▪ Mainly focused in the world wide web specifically Social Media Other technologies involved: ▪ Online and offline gaming such as video games ▪ Mobile computing ▪ Artificial intelligence ▪ Virtual reality ▪ Augmented reality Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 93 94 Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 95 96 24  9/4/23 Self and identity in the cyberspace Responsible use of social media ▪ Identity – development of one’s self-concept, including one’s Setting Boundaries to your online self: Smart Sharing thought and feelings about oneself ▪ Guide Questions to ONLINE WORLD consider before posting: ▪ Is this post/story necessary? ▪ Is there a real benefit to this ACTUAL SELF OUGHT SELF IDEAL SELF post – is it funny, warm- hearted, teachable – or am I ONLINE ANONYMITY just making noise online Gives people the chance to present any of these three selves and hence without purpose? permits individuals to better present aspect of their true selves than they would feel capable of doing in a face-to-face interaction Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 97 98 Digital World Digital Citizenship issues and conflicts (Council of Europe, 2019) Fear of missing out (FoMO) ▪ exists when an individual is anxious of being left out and feels the constant need to know what the others are doing ▪ It is an anxiety that emanates from the Being Online Well-being Online Rights Online feeling that you are not up to date Information related to how we engage and exist online, it Information related to how we feel online, comprising another three Information related to being accountable online, comprising the because of the phase social media and comprises three digital domains: access and inclusion, learning and digital domains: ethics and empathy, health and well-being, and final four digital domains: active participation, rights and news pass very quickly creativity and media and e-presence and communications. responsibilities, privacy and security information literacy. and consumer awareness. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 99 100 25  9/4/23 Digital World Digital World issues and conflicts issues and conflicts Screen Dependency Disorder Internet gaming disorder ▪ Emerging problem (not yet included in ▪ is a pattern of excessive and prolonged DSM-5 and/or ICD-10) Internet gaming that results in a cluster of ▪ dependent, problematic behavior, cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including withdrawal symptoms, including progressive loss of control over increasing tolerance (for screen use), gaming, tolerance, and withdrawal ▪ failure to reduce or stop screen activities, symptoms, analogous to the symptoms of lying about the extent of use, loss of substance use disorders. outside interests, and continuation of ▪ Conditions for further study (DSM-5) screen use despite adverse consequences. Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self Understanding the Self UNIT 2: Unpacking the Self 101