UNIT 13 LECTURE NOTES PDF

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction to Management (MAN1006) UNIT 13 – LECTURE NOTES Lecture Notes on Managing Change and Innovation The Imperative of Change and Innovation O...

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction to Management (MAN1006) UNIT 13 – LECTURE NOTES Lecture Notes on Managing Change and Innovation The Imperative of Change and Innovation Organizations must adapt to survive in today's dynamic environment. Change involves adopting new ideas or behaviors. Innovation is crucial for adapting to market shifts, technological advancements, and competitive pressures. Types of Organizational Change Incremental Change: Gradual improvement of existing processes. Transformational Change: Redesigning and renewing the entire organization. Change can occur in various areas: o Products and Technology o Structure o Culture and People o Strategy Product and Technology Changes Product Change: Modification of product or service offerings to meet market demands. Technology Change: Improvement in production processes for efficiency gains. Structural Changes Alterations in how the organization is designed and managed, including: o Hierarchy of authority o Goals o Structural characteristics o Administrative procedures o Management systems Culture and People Changes Changes in employee mindsets and behaviors. Can involve training, development, and shifts in organizational culture. Organizational Development (OD): A planned approach to facilitate change in people and culture.  o Unfreezing: Creating awareness of the need for change. o Changing: Implementing new behaviors and skills. o Refreezing: Institutionalizing the changes in the culture. The Change Process Forces for Change: o Environmental: Customers, competitors, technology, economic conditions, international factors. o Internal: Company plans, goals, problems, and needs. Need for Change: Arises from a performance gap between existing and desired states. Initiating Change: Developing ideas to address the need for change. o Search: Gathering information about potential solutions. o Creativity: Generating novel ideas. o Idea Champion: An individual who promotes and supports change. o New-Venture Team: A dedicated unit for developing and implementing innovation. o Skunkworks: A separate, autonomous group focused on breakthrough ideas. Resistance to Change Common reasons for resistance: o Self-interest and fear of personal loss o Lack of understanding and trust o Uncertainty about the future o Differing assessments and goals Overcoming Resistance Force-Field Analysis: o Identifies driving forces (promoting change) and restraining forces (hindering change). o By reducing restraining forces, change becomes easier to implement. Tactics for Overcoming Resistance: o Communication and education o Participation and involvement o Negotiation and agreement o Coercion (in crisis situations) o Top management support Conclusion Effective change management requires understanding the types of change, the change process, and strategies for overcoming resistance. By proactively addressing challenges and engaging employees, organizations can successfully navigate change and foster innovation.