Introduction To Phytobacteriology And History Of Bacteriology PDF

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PLANT BACTERIOLOGY Prepared by: Mellprie B. Marin, PhD INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PLANT BACTERIOLOGY Learning Outcome: Ø Discuss the concepts of Plant Pathology and importance of Plant Bacteriology in sustainable agriculture Bacteria (singular: bacterium)- c...

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PLANT BACTERIOLOGY Prepared by: Mellprie B. Marin, PhD INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PLANT BACTERIOLOGY Learning Outcome: Ø Discuss the concepts of Plant Pathology and importance of Plant Bacteriology in sustainable agriculture Bacteria (singular: bacterium)- constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms that cause plant diseases.  Important Bacterial Diseases in the Philippines: 1. Bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops- Ralstonia solanacearum 2. Bacterial wilt of banana - Ralstonia solanacearum Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum 3. Soft rot of vegetable – Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum 4. Crown gall of roses – Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5. Black leg of tobacco – Pectobacterium sp. 6. Bacterial spot - Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria Bacterial wilt of tomato Bacterial wilt of banana Fusarium wilt of banana (just for comparison)  Wilting and stunted growth Wilting on one side of the tobacco plant Bacterial wilt on pepper  Squash Potato Ginger Bacterial Soft Rot of Vegetables Cabbage Onion  Crown Gall of Roses Crown Gall of Chrysanthemum Black leg of tobacco (Pectobacterium sp. ) Witches Broom of Cassava- Phytoplasma Witches Broom of Cassava- Phytoplasma Bacterial Spot of Pepper- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria Hypersensitive Reaction (Test)  Historical Background 1863- J. C. Davine Showed that rod-shaped elements were 1868 present in animals infected with anthrax. The disease can be transmitted to healthy animals thru blood containing rod-shaped elements Bacillus anthracis Louis 1865 Pasteur Discovered the pathogen affecting silk worms; his works led to the development of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Pasteurization involves heating liquids at high temperatures for short amounts of time. Pasteurization kills harmful microbes in milk without affecting the taste or nutritional value (sterilization= all bacteria are destroyed). 1876 Robert Koch A German scientist who provided the first conclusive demonstration on the etiology of anthrax. 1. He conducted a transmission experiment (successive inoculation on 20 mice; introduced affected blood to healthy mice and resulted to diseased mice); 2. He cultivated the bacterium from a piece of spleen in sterile serum and observed hourly the growth of rod-shaped elements. It changed into filaments which were ovoid, refractile bodies (spores) Observed the spores germinated (made a series of transfer (8x)  3. Inoculated the healthy mice – reisolated – re inoculated the bacterium to a healthy mice-which resulted to diseased mice His work is the milestone of Microbiology known as “Koch’s Postulates” a criterion in establishing the specific microorganisms in a specific disease Considered the Father of Microbiology (Bacteriological Technique) First to demonstrate the biological specificity of organisms (Doctrine of Specific Etiology) Etiology describes the cause or causes of a disease. 1878- Thomas Jonathan Discovered that bacteria cause disease in 1884 Burril plants (pear blight and apple twig disease)- Micrococcus amylovorus now known as Erwinia amylovora; First report of the association of bacteria in plant disease came 2 years after Robert Koch’s demonstration of bacterial etiology of anthrax in animals 1883 Walker Reported that bacteria caused yellow disease of hyacinth- Bacterium hyacinthi now known as X. campestris pv. hyacinthi 1887 Savastoni Olive knot disease, Bacillus oleae tuberculoses now known as Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastoni 1893- Erwin First paper mainly on crown gall and bacterial wilt of 1894 Smith solanaceous crops 1895 Published his work on bacterial wilt of cucurbits 1905 Published his first book on Phytobacteriology entitled “Bacteria in Relation to Plant Diseases” 1920 Published his 2 nd book entitled “Introduction to Bacterial Diseases in Plants” 1930 Charlotte Published the first edition of “Manual of Bacterial Plant Elliot Pathogens. A Comprehensive Compilation of Bacterial disease” 1943 Delbruck Discovered mutation in bacteria which provided the and Luria technical conceptual basis for genetic work on bacteria (Molecular Genetics) 1944 Avery Discovered the process of bacteria genetic transfer known Mcleod and as “Transformation by free DNA” McCarty 1967 Doi, First report on Mycoplasma diseases in plants Teranaka, (mycoplasma-like bodies in mulberry, potato witches Yora, broom and aster yellows) Asuyama 1971 Diener Determined that the potato-spindle tuber disease was caused by small molecule of infectious naked RNA called “Viroid” 1972 Davis/Whorle Observed a motile organisms on corn stunt disease- y/Withcomb/ caused by Spiroplasma (walless bacteria) Isiyama/Steer 1973 Gotten, Discovered Rickettsia-like organisms (RLO) in Pierce Nyland, Lowe, disease of grape known as Xylella fastidiosa (wavy Hopkins walls) 1974 Van Lareveke, Discovered a large specific Plasmid in virulent strains of Engler, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The plasmid is essential for Holster, virulence and codes for TIP (Tumor-Inducing Principle or Vande, Ti) of the bacterium. Elsacker, Salmen, Scelperoort, Shell Thank you for your time!