Introduction to Conservation (PDF)

1. Introduction to Conservation https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/omans-national-museum-opens-door-to-a-priceless-  Conservation means A careful preservation and protection of something especially planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destructi...

1. Introduction to Conservation https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/omans-national-museum-opens-door-to-a-priceless-  Conservation means A careful preservation and protection of something especially planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect water conservation wildlife conservation. The preservation of a physical quantity during transformations or reactions. Conservation types Environmental Conservation Heritage Conservation (related to Animal conservation history and culture) Marine conservation Water conservation And so, on Developed and developing countries https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/  Heritage means something that is handed down from the past as a tradition and includes buildings, artefacts, structures, open and excavated areas, natural features and precincts Heritage that are of historic, aesthetic, architectural or cultural significance means ? Or in another way to define as Heritage is an integral part of the historic environment, but it can be hard to define as it is never one element, but a meshing together of several. Heritage is all the things that have shaped you and your community. Your cultural heritage includes local songs and stories, paths and parks, means of travel, occupations, recreations, everything that makes your community special. https://www.slideshare.net/DrKMSONI/heritage-conservation-238388580 https://www.slideshare.net/angelgate/what-is-heritage-and-why-is-it- important  Examples of heritage: Archaeological heritage: Locally important visible features Example: hill forts, burial mounds, moats, field systems, ridge and furrow, and ancient village sites Built heritage: Locally distinctive built heritage elements and small features Example: field barns, pumps, wells, gates and walls, bridges, railings, milestones, architectural details, cobbles, memorials, village greens or traditional signs Customs and traditions heritage: Historic and cultural associations with the land and activities of local people Example: place names, field names, parish boundaries, open spaces, viewpoints, rights of way of significant heritage value, including country lanes and drove roads Industrial heritage: Physical features related to locally important industries Example: chimneys, lime kilns, packhorse trails, wagon-ways, canals, quarries, mineral pits, spoil heaps, mills, mines, smithies and coopers. https://www.slideshare.net/angelgate/what-is-heritage-and-why- Do we respect old? Though we know that we should But the Fact is Very few respect the old and heritage structures  3 facts about OMAN OMAN country Oman is the oldest independent state in the Arab world. Oman is a high income country that Oman has the longest serving ruler in the Middle East. generates 84 percent of its revenue from Oman is a terrorism free country. dwindling oil resources. Hard hit by the global drop in oil prices, the country is OMAN Split in TWO trying to diversity its economy through tourism and gas-based industries. In 1913, Oman split into two countries, with religious imams ruling the interior while the sultans continued to rule in Muscat and the coast. OMAN famous for Popular food in OMAN Oman is famous for its ancient aflaj oases irrigation system, terraced orchards (Jebel Majboos, Shuwa, Mashuai, Mushaltat, Dates, shawarma, Akhdar), adobe fortresses, lots of mosques, Mishkak, Halwa etc. wadis (stream valleys), dhows (traditional Languages in OMAN Arabian sailing ships), meteorites, and Al Said, the world's third-largest yacht, owned According to the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, by the Sultan. there are more than eight languages spoken in different parts of Oman, namely Mehri, Hobyót, Jabbali, Swahili, Balushi, Lawati, Harsusi, Bathari and Kamzari. https://www.usnews.com › news › best-countries › oman  Population Climate Oman’s capital is Muscat. The Sultanate’s climate is hot in the summer and The Sultanate’s population is 4.688 million, 2.669 million Omanis moderate in the winter. Dhofar Governorate in the south of the Sultanate is 1.999 million expatriates, according to the statistics released by the National Center for known for its autumn season, which is characterized Statistics and Information in September 2019 by its rainy climate. The Governorate attracts tourists from inside and Language and religion outside the Sultanate for a period of approximately 3 months (June - September) each year. Islam is the official religion & Arabic is the official language Governates in OMAN Total 11 Governates in OMAN 75% - Ibadhi distinct from Sunni and Shia 1. Muscat Governorate, 17% Shia 2. Musandam Governorate, 8% Zirki 3. Dhofar Governorate, 4. Al Buraimi Governorate, 5. North and South Al Batinah Governorates, 6. North and South Al Sharqiyah Governorates, 7. Al Wusta Governorate, 8. Ad Dakhilya governorate, 9. Al Dhahirah Governorate. https://www.economy.gov.om/en/Page.aspx?I=10#:~:text=The%20population%20in%20the%20Sultanate,%2C%20and%20Al %20Dhahirah%20Governorate) https://www.zigzagonearth.com/travel-destinations/destination-guide-oman/  Heritage structures in OMAN Bahla Fort – 1987 Archaeological sites of Bat, Al-Khutm & Al- Ayn - 1988 Land of Frankincense - 2005 Aflaj irrigation system of Oman - 2006 Ancient city of Qalhat - 2018 https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/ehmmg/five_unesco_world_heritage_sites_that_need_to_be_seen_in_oman.html  UNESCO Sites in OMAN Bahla Fort - 1987 Bat, Al-Khutm & Al-Ayn - Land of Frankincense - 1988 Aflaj Irrigation City of Qalhat https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/ehmmg/  Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque – Nabi Ayoubls Tomb Muscat Earth gravity controversial Khasab Fort – Musandam Nakhal fort Al Alam Palace – Muscat Tanuf roins Nizwa fort Oman – Nizwa Jabal samhan Corniche – Muscat A N Mirbat castle Royal Opera House – Muscat OM The frankinscence trail Mirani Fort –Muscat i n Wakan village ts Falaj daris park Festung Cacapo – Muscat en Nabi Umran A.S Tomb um AlHosn palace Watchtower on Misfat Al Abreyeen M Al hazm castle Bilad sur casle Sumhuram Old city – Salalah Barka Bull fight arena Ibbri castle Bahla fort Jibreen castle Bimmah sinkhole Ras Al Hadd castle Bait Naam Jami al hamoda mosque Birkat Al Mouz ruins Bin ali tomb Taqah castle Ziggurat in Arja https://gharpedia.com/blog/cultural-heritage-preservation/ Architectural conservation means Definition : the process through which the material, historical and design integrity of mankind’s built heritage are prolonged through careful planned interventions. Deals with issues of prolonging the life and integrity of architectural character, such as form and style, and its constituent materials such as brick, stone, glass, metal and wood. Importance of Conservation 1. EMBEDDED MEMORY 2. HISTORICAL RECORD 3. SENSE OF PLACE 4. APPROPRIATE TREATMENT OF PUBLIC GOODS 5. GOOD FROM A SUSTAINABILITY POINT OF VIEW 6. CREATES JOBS – GOOD FOR THE ECONOMY 7. PROVIDES INTEREST TO COMMUNITIES AND TOURISTS 8. REGENERATES URBAN, COASTAL AND RURAL AREAS https://www.heritage21.com.au/observations-about-heritage/why-is-heritage-conservation- Conservation deal with Conservation covers all actions aimed at safeguarding historical buildings and towns. Which includes: Retaining the building’s significant historical, social, aesthetic and technological qualities Researching, recording and retaining all knowledge and information related to the building’s context, history, and documenting the object in detail with photographs Recording and retaining all information related to the treatment of the building. Methods of building Conservation 1. PRESERVATION 2. RESTORATION 3. ADAPTIVE REUSERE 4. CONSTRUCTION 5. MAINTENANCE ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION https://slideplayer.com/slide/14854779/ Process to protect and maintain buildings in their current state Prevent further damage and deterioration to them. Why conservation important ????  Revitalization to conserve existing (sometimes historic) buildings or districts while putting them into good use. Revitalization https://www.slideshare.net/alihyder790/conservation-and-revitalization-of-historic-buildings  Methods of Conservation Preservatio To maintain the fabric of a place in its existing state n and retarding deterioration. Maintenanc Continuous protective care of fabric and setting of a e place, and to be distinguished from repair, repair involves restoration or reconstruction Restoration Returning to a known earlier state without the introduction of new materials. It should be restored to its original character. Historic buildings must be improved and sometimes even completed using current day materials, design and techniques. Reconstructi Returning to a known earlier state with introduction on of new materials Adaptation Change in function with introduction of new materials  ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION Re-creating, with historic materials and techniques, missing features Restoration usually means: Removing or covering up signs of wear and use, through actions such as painting, Replacing and or reconstructing missing or worn parts, with ‘spare parts’ and/or new materials or parts Restoration must not destroy or diminish the history, and therefore significance, of the item – reversible restoration Responsible restoration applies minimal intervention.  ADAPTIVE REUSE / REVITALISATION/ REHABILITATION Adaptive reuse is a good solution to some of the modern problems of the built environment. To conserve historic buildings or districts into good use Perfect way to breathe new life into an old building Change in function use New materials Example: Heritage preservation and adaptive reuse of historic warehouse provides new offices and showrooms, with central café in large atrium  Values in Conservation Conserving heritage buildings and objects to retain the national and local importance for the future generation Emotional Values Cultural Values Use Values Documentary Wonder Functional Historic Identity Archaeological, Age and Economical Continuity Scarcity Social Aesthetic and symbolic Spiritual and Political and Architectural symbolic Townscape, landscape and Ethnic Ecological Technological and Scientific  Classification of Heritage sites Grade I Grade II Grade III Taj Mahal in India Ibra, Ash Sharqiyah, Oman The old city of Diriyah near Riyadh https://www.tourmyindia.com/heritage/ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-06/six-tourist-spots-in-saudi-arabia-that-  Heritage Grade I Heritage Grade-I comprises buildings and precincts of National or historic importance Embodying excellence in architectural style, design, technology and material usage and/or aesthetics They have the prime landmarks of the region. All natural sites shall fall within Grade-I. No intervention is permitted in Grade I structures either on exterior or interior of the heritage building For this purpose, essential and minimum changes are allowed in conformity with the original. Heritage Grade II Heritage Grade-II comprises of buildings and precincts of regional or local importance possessing special architectural or aesthetic merit, or cultural or historical significance though of a lower scale than Heritage Grade-I. They are local landmarks, which contribute to the image and identity of the region. In Grade II A, internal changes and adaptive re-use may be allowed ensuring the conservation of all special aspects for which it is included in Grade II. In Grade II B, in addition to Grade II A, extension or additional building is allowed provided that the additional building is in harmony with the existing heritage building. Heritage Grade III Heritage Grade-III comprises building and precincts of importance for townscape; that evoke architectural, aesthetic, or sociological interest through not as much as in Heritage Grade-II. These contribute to determine the character of the locality and can be representative of lifestyle of a particular community or region. In Grade III, External and internal changes and adaptive reuse is generally allowed. Development permission for changes can be given on the advice of the Heritage Conservation Committee so that new buildings are taken considering the heritage character of the precincts. Assignment - Classification of Heritages in OMAN Grade I Grade II Grade III Assignment: Prepare a chart of classification of heritages in OMAN (13.03.2024) EXAMPLE https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Heritage-Conservation-a-tool-for-Sustainable-Urban-Chohan/ Reference https://www.slideshare.net/mithileshtrivedi581/ppt-of-oman https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Heritage-Conservation-a-tool-for-Sustainable-Urban-Chohan/006 65106afa82548263c05a2334cea3f810b516c/figure/1 https://www.slideshare.net/DrKMSONI/heritage-conservation-238388580 https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/ehmmg/five_unesco_world_heritage_sites_that_need_to_be_se en_in_oman.html https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/omans-national-museum-opens-door-to-a-priceless-heritage-1.18 70636 http://minisite.proj.hkedcity.net/hkiakit/getResources.html?id=4171 Architectural Conservation - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781136415302/chapters/10.4324%2F9780080502915-6 and (In Heritage BC - http://www.heritagebc.ca/resources/guides-tips-1/terms-definitions) Architectural Conservation - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781136398506 Revitalization - https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/comben.pdf Architectural Conservation - https://library.sutd.edu.sg/sulb/weeklydiscovery/Architectural %20conservation.pdf Method of treatment - file:///C:/Users/rajack/Downloads/LS08_Conservation%20and%20Revitalization %20of%20Historic%20Buildings_Teaching%20notes%20(5).pdf Treatment methods - http://hisp102.umwblogs.org/preserving-historic-america/study-guides/ preservation-rehabilitation-restoration-and-reconstruction-different-treatments-for-historic-properties/