Unit 1 History Slides PDF

History slides Miss Kraczynski Grade 8  Why is History Important As a group consider: Why is history important? What does history tell us?  Why is History Important - Helps us to make decisions - Guide us to be responsible citizens - Is different for different groups of p...

History slides Miss Kraczynski Grade 8  Why is History Important As a group consider: Why is history important? What does history tell us?  Why is History Important - Helps us to make decisions - Guide us to be responsible citizens - Is different for different groups of people - Where do you think this is? Where do you think this is?  Why is History Important As a group consider: How is history all around us?  Why is History Important If in a 100 years historians looked at our life what do you think they would notice? NATIONAL TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION  Primary vs Secondary Sources PRIMARY SOURCES - SECONDARY SOURCES- The six Historical Thinking Concepts: Canada East  Canada East Description: - Formerly lower Canada - Became Quebec after confederation - primarily french speaking - During confederation there wa a concern over french losing their culture - People lived in rural communities Economic resources: - Farm products, rye, buckwheat, maple syrup and livestock - Lumber was most important natural resource - Sawmills turned logs into planks and board to swell to americans People & events:: - George-Etienne Cartier was a part of the great Coalition which helped lead to confederation Canada West  Canada West Description: - South-west portion of Modern canada - Formerly upper canada - Canada west would go on to become Ontario after confederation - Population - 950 000 - Primarily english speaking Economic resources would this colony bring to union of colonies: - Grew rapidly due to immigration from England, Scotland, Ireland and USA - Lumber was important resource - Important markets - grain, lumber, fruit, textiles, machinery - Despite worldwide economic depression, canada west prospered due to rising population, increasing transportation and free trade due to proximity to USA  Canada West People & Events: - George brown supported the campaign for representation by population, which would lead to more seats for the west - John A Macdonald who was the leader of the conservative party and went on to be Canada’s first prime minister - News Brunswick  News Brunswick Description: - Same place as current New Brunswick - Primarily english speaking with large francophone minority. - Today it is the only bilingual province in Canada today. - Coastal province Economic resources this colony would contribute to union of colonies: - - main industries - fishing, lumber, shipbuilding - - Largest cities were located on rivers People & events:: - Joseph Howe led a movement to withdraw from Canada but ultimately he failed in his goal to withdraw from Canada Nova Scotia  Nova Scotia Description: - Far east of Canada - One of Canada's maritime Provinces - Major port since it did not freeze in the winter - Economic resources would this colony bring to union of colonies: - Main industries- fishing, lumber, ship building, mining - Important events: - Fear from many in NS about losing free trade with USA Newfoundland  Newfoundland Description: - Far east of canada with similar border to today with addition to Labrador on mainland - 96 000 population - Primarily english speaking,. Consists of Mi’kmaq, first nation and Europeans (british, irish, scottish and acadian descendants - Newest colony to to become a province and join Canada (1949) Economic resources would this colony bring to union of colonies: - Main industries - loggings, mining, fishing, agriculture, pulp and paper - -  Newfoundland People & events: - Representatives from Newfoundland government attended confederation conferences but chose not to join - - - - - Prince Edward Island  Prince Edward Island Description: - Located in gulf st lawrence - Separated from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick by the Northumberland Strait - Isolated from rest canada Economic resources would this colony bring to union of colonies: - Main Industries - agriculture and farming (potatoes) - -  Prince Edward Island People & events:: - First Inhabitants were Mi’kmaq First Nations - Charlottetown conference was held in colony - PEI joined in 1873 - Considered the birthplace of confederation due to the charlottetown conference - - - -  Indigenous Peoples Description: - Indigenous people resided in all parts of what is now known as canada Relationships between the Indigenous people and the British: - Suffered socio-cultural disruption - Europeans brought disease which impacted indigenous people negatively - Participated in the fur trade - Traded in general with settlers - Affected by the “Indian Act” - - -  Indigenous Peoples Important Indigenous leaders during this time: - Louis - riel Metis leader who led the red river rebellion and the north west rebellion - Mistahimaskwa Big Bear- plains cree chief who is known for defending indigenous lands, culture and uniting the cree people - Pitikwahanpiwiyin (poundmaker) cree chief known for his involvement in north-west rebellion : - Rupert’s Land  Rupert's Land Description: - Was a third of the size of what canada is now and was owned by the hudson bay company - After confederation, the government of canada bought Rupert’s Land from the HBC - Consisted of present day northern canada from northern quebec and labrador, north and west Ontario, all Manitoba, saskatewan, some alberta along with parts of northwest territories and Nunavut - Economic resources this colony bring to the union of colonies: - - fur trade in beaver pelts was a major industry  Rupert’s Land People & events: - george- etienne Cartier and William Mcdougall were cabinet ministers in the government and were sent to london to negotiate the terms and land transfer of Rupert’s land to Canada The purchase of Rupert’s Land transferred Canada into the second largest country in the world - - North-western territory  North-Western Territory Description: - After purchase of Rupert’s Land, the North-western territory stretched from British Columbia north to the arctic ocean - Included present day Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, as well as Yukon and Northern- western Territory Economic resources would this colony bring to union of colonies: - Much of land was used to support the construction of the Canadian pacific railway - Gold and fur trade : -  North-Western Territory People & Events: - North west resistance took place in 1885 due to the grievances of the first nation and Metis peoples with the government imposed treaties - Louis riel led the north west resistance - The gold rush occurred during this time - - - - British columbia & Vancouver Island  British Columbia and Vancouver Island Description: - Located in south west corner of canada, below North-western territory - Population 24 000 europeans and 25 000 indigenous people What economic resources would this colony bring to a union of colonies: - Main industries - fur trade, gold rush, forestry and small farms Important people & events: - James douglas was first governor of the new colony of vancouver island - The gold rush - In 1871 it enter the dominion of Canada on the condition of building a transcontinental railway Politics in the Province of Canada  Confederation What is it? Confederation is the process by which the British Colonies in North America united to form the country of Canada Occurred on July 1, 1867 Original provinces: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia joined together Resulted in federal system of government with shared power between federal and provincial levels  Reasons for Confederation 1. The Railway - Confederation would lead to development of railway that would go across the country - Some colonies had railways but nothing that would connect the country - The cost of building the railway and roadways would cost a lot of money if the colonies took this project on themselves - If colonies combined they would generate more taxes and more money to pay debts as they grew -  Reasons for Confederation 2. Changing British Attitudes - Britain had changing views of BNA and come saw little value towards it - Britain encouraged confederation to make Canada + self-sufficient but still loyal to British empire  Reasons for Confederation 3. Threat of American Invasion - USA was rich and powerful and looking to expand (manifest destiny) - America was experiencing own civil war and british colonies wanted to avoid war - Wanted to combine under one strong central government so they could build a strong military defence against US if they attacked - Confederation would make BNA a united and secure country Reasons for Confederation 4. Political Deadlock - When province of Canada was formed, Can east and west had equal seats in parliament - They had different interests, languages and religions - They would vote against each other's bills and no new laws could be passed - This created political deadlock - Confederation would unite the colonies into one country and seperate Can East and west into own provinces that could decide on local matters independently  Reasons for Confederation 5. Cancellation of Reciprocity Treaty - Between 1854 and 1865 there was free trade agreement between BNA colonies and USA - 1865, USA ended free trade agreement - Colonies believed that by joining together they would increase prosperity and increase free trade amongst themselves without having to rely so much on USA