Unit 1 Flashcards PDF

He was an English colonist at She was daughter of the leader Established in 1607, despite Jamestown who brought to- of the Powhatan tribe who drought, bad water, and hos- befriended the col...

He was an English colonist at She was daughter of the leader Established in 1607, despite Jamestown who brought to- of the Powhatan tribe who drought, bad water, and hos- befriended the colonists at bacco seeds, created a pro- tile Indians, this was the first cess for curing tobacco, and Jamestown and was instru- successful English settlement mental in helping the settle- married Pocahontas. All of in the New World. which helped Jamestown ment survive its early years. Answer: succeed. Answer: Pocahontas 2 Jamestown 2 Answer: John Rolfe 2 System used by the Virginia James Oglethorpe founded A document written by the Pil- Company to attract colo- _________ —a colony that the grim Separatists in 1620 that nists by promising them king made into a “buffer colony” provided for self- additional acres of land for to protect the other 12 from Span- government, annual elec- bringing family and inden- ish Florida. tions, and majority rule in tured servants to Virginia. Plymouth Colony. Answer: Answer: Georgia Answer: Mayflower Compact Headright System 4 2 3 _______________were men The ________ ________was and women who sold their This country settled in South the route of the triangular trade labor (typically 5-7 years) to America and the Southern part involved the shipping of cap- the person who paid their of North America. tured African men, women, and passage to America. children to work as slaves in the Answer: Spain Americas. Answer: Answer: Indentured servants 4 2 Middle Passage 4 Give at least 2 reasons that Europe- Name the 2 main motivations Which religious group was not an colonists in America turned to for the founding of the English tolerant of other faiths. They Africans (instead of Native colonies in America. would sometimes persecute Americans) for slave labor. (and a few times even exe- Answers: labor intensive crops, Answers: cute) members of other reli- they were immune to most diseases, profit (trade, land) and gious groups who proselytized didn’t know the land, they were a religious freedom in their colony? constant source of cheap labor, racism. 4 Puritans 3 Exchange of rum, slaves, A business where a number of and molasses between the His leadership skills at investors could pool their Jamestown helped the strug- English colonies, Africa, and money together and invest it-- the West Indies. A small but gling colony during its early this helped finance England’s years. immensely profitable subset New World expeditions. of the Atlantic trade. Answer: John Smith Answer: Answer: joint stock company triangular trade 4 2  What was the monoculture What was the monoculture What was the monoculture (main (main crop) of the (main crop) of the Chesa- crop) of the Carolinas? Caribbean? peake region? Answer: Answer: Answer: Tobacco Rice Sugar (cane) 2 2 2 THIS first form of George Calvert (aka Lord Balti- more) found this proprietary What were the two main representative government in colonies of the Chesapeake the (personally owned) colony as a refuge from religious region? colonies was Virginia's ______________ persecution for Catholics. (It was known for its toleration Answer: Virginia & Maryland established in 1619. of all Christians.) House of Burgesses 2 Answer: Maryland 2 4 These laws placed An uprising of landless men in restrictions on colonial trade 1676 that resulted in the burn- Name the 4 cultural regions of by dictating that colonial ing of Jamestown. This event the 13 English colonies. goods could only be became a turning point in the shipped to England. Col- Chesapeake— away from un- Answer: onists began smuggling reliable indentured servitude New England, Middle, as a result. & towards slavery. Southern, & Backcountry Answer: Answer: Navigation Acts 3 Bacon’s Rebellion 4 Self-sufficient Scots-Irish & German farmers lived in log The _____________ colonies Name 4 of the 5 Southern cabins and because of their were characterized by large plan- Colonies. geographic location had lit- tations with slave labor and cash Answer: tle political representation crops of tobacco, indigo, & rice. Virginia, Maryland, in THIS cultural region. Georgia, South Carolina, & Answer: Southern North Carolina Answer: Backcountry 2 Name 3 of the 4 Middle colonies. The ____________ colonies The ___________ colonies (aka the Breadbasket colonies) were characterized by Puritan were characterized by diverse religious values, fishing, ship- ethnic groups, commerce & Answer: ping & commerce (trade), and trade, and cash crops of grain. New York, Pennsylvania, subsistence farming. New Jersey, & Delaware Answer: Answer: Middle New England 2 She taught salvation through THESE laws were enacted af- THIS extremely deadly conflict grace and faith, not through ter Bacon’s Rebellion. They between the Puritans and their following Puritan rules and helped institute racism & former Indian allies in 1675-76 laws, which got her ban- white supremacy by dividing resulted in a Puritan victory ished from poor whites from blacks. and the virtual destruction of Massachusetts. the Wampanoag people. Answer: Virginia Slave Codes Answer: Anne Hutchinson (of 1705) Answer: King Philips War 3 4 (aka Metacom’s War) 3 This religious group settled The ______________ was Because of its natural harbor and mainly in Pennsylvania. They the region in the colonies its location at the confluence were pacifists who became that ran along the Appalachi- of two rivers, this seaport early leaders in the abolitionist an Mountains. became the largest city in all of (anti-slavery) and women’s the 13 colonies. rights movements. Answer: Backcountry Answer: Answer: Philadelphia Quakers 3 New England men met THIS DOCUMENT — drawn up Many of the English colonies together to make deci- by the Pilgrim Separatists — set were founded by groups seek- sions for their community up the basis for self-government ing religious freedom—such as at THESE, which was a and majority rule in Plymouth, the Pilgrims & Puritans who very democratic method Massachusetts. founded WHAT COLONY? of governing. Answer: town meetings Answer: Answer: 3 Mayflower Compact 3 Massachusetts 3 These were devout Puritans After being banished from who believed that they Massachusetts, Roger Williams William Penn founded must separate from the founded WHAT COLONY based WHAT colony as a refuge Church of England. They on the principles of religious for WHAT religious group (of arrived in 1620 on the freedom, equality for all, and sep- which he was a member)? Mayflower. aration of church and state. Answer: Pennsylvania, Quakers Answer: Answer: Separatists (Pilgrims) 3 Rhode Island 3 3 A conflict between Parliament THIS phrase represents the be- During THIS EVENT n 1688, (mainly Puritans) & King lief that the government should King James II is replaced by his Charles I that resulted in a Pu- ritan-dominated England with not promote or fund a particular daughter & her husband, establish- Oliver Cromwell in charge, religion. Mainly seen in Roger ing Parliament’s authority in Eng- thus stopping the flow of Williams’ Rhode Island. land’s government and ending the Puritans to America in the 1640s. Dominion of New England. Answer: Answer: English Civil War (aka Separation of Church and State Answer: the Puritan Revolution) The Glorious Revolution 3 3 3  In 1662, when the Puritan leaders Name 3 of the 4 New THIS brutal conflict in 1636 be- saw their church attendance tween the Pequot Indians and the England Colonies dwindling and that many colonists of Massachusetts Bay & newcomers were lacking in Connecticut. It ended when all of Answer: religious zeal, they made this the Indians were either killed or Massachusetts, New Hamp- compromise in order to retain sold into slavery. shire, Connecticut, & their political power. Answer: Rhode Island. Answer: Halfway Covenant 4 Pequot War 3 Religious group that wanted to This country settled in Which colonial region had a longer reform the Church of Eng- Manhattan and New York life expectancy, the Chesapeake or New England and why? land and believed in pre- along the Hudson River. (must give at least 1 reason) destination. Many were persecuted in England, so Answer: The Nether- Answer: New England (cold climate they came to America. lands (The Dutch) so less diseases, came over in family groups so more stability, Answer: Puritans 3 cause=“City Upon a Hill”) 3 3 This country settled The Puritans believed in John mainly in Canada and Calvin’s claim that God has chosen What were the 4 main require- along the St. Lawrence a few to be His “elect”. This is why ments to vote in the 13 they wanted to be an example to colonies? and Mississippi Rivers. others to show that they were pre- They mostly trapped destined for heaven. What phrase and traded for furs with from their leader, John Winthrop, Answer: the Indians. represented this ideal society? white, male, over 21, property owner, and (in some colo- Answer: “A City Upon a Hill” nies) a church-member. Answer: France 3 European colonization In 1686, King James II consolidated all This was the name of the of the New England colonies into negatively impacted WHAT one entity called THIS and put Puritans’ colony in New Eng- PEOPLE through disease, them under a tyrannical governor, land that was to be a model displacement, technology, Edmund Andros, ending colonial to Christians and assimilation? legislative rule & angering many everywhere. colonists. The Glorious Revolution brought all of this to an end. Answer: Answer: Massachusetts Bay Native Americans Answer: Dominion of New England 3 3 WHAT COLONY established During what event in 1692, THIS is a skilled worker who the first public (or universal) were 20 people executed due often makes items by hand; a schools in the colonies because to the accusations of young craftsperson. (Many Ger- of Puritan beliefs that everyone girls and the mass hysteria mans who settled in the Mid- should know how to read the that ensued in Puritan New dle Colonies were these.) Bible. England? Answer: Massachusetts (Bay) Answer: Salem Witch Trials 4 Answer: Artisan(s) 4  Bound together five tribes— Legal principle that the old- Passed in 1649 in Maryland, it guar- including the Mohawks, Onei- est son inherits all family anteed toleration to all Christians das, and Seneca’s—in what is property or land. Caused but decreed the death penalty for now New York State. It was the many younger sons to those, like Jews and atheists, who most powerful group of Native seek their fortunes in denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. Americans in the American America. Act of Toleration colonies. Iroquois Confederacy (or 2 Primogeniture 2 League of the Iroquois) 2 Dominant credo of the New Drafted by settlers in the Con- England Puritans based on Migration of seventy thousand necticut River Valley, document the teachings of John Cal- refugees from England to the was the first “modern vin. They believed in pre- North American colonies, constitution” establishing a destination—that only the primarily New England and the democratically controlled “elect” were destined for Caribbean. government. salvation. Calvinism Great (English) Migration Fundamental Orders of 3 3 Connecticut Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over coloni- This was the transfer of various Much-loathed administrator of al trade and only weak plants, animals, and diseases the Dominion of New Eng- enforcement of Naviga- between the eastern and west- land, which was created in tion Laws. Led to the col- ern hemispheres for the first 1686 to strengthen imperial onies becoming more time due to the control over the New Eng- self-governing & inde- Exploration of the Americas. land colonies. pendent. Columbian Exchange Sir Edmond Andros Salutary Neglect 3 2 3 Name 2 aspects of Puritan be- Prominent Quaker activist who Set of laws beginning in the 1662 founded Pennsylvania as a liefs that impact American defining racial slavery. They es- character today. haven for fellow Quakers tablished the hereditary nature of in 1681. He established friendly relations with slavery and limited the rights and Emphasis on education, hard neighboring Indian tribes education of slaves. work ethic, self-made man, and attracted a wide array US religiosity, participa- of settlers. tory democracy, separation Slave Codes William Penn 2 of church and state, etc. What were the 3 G’s of Euro- Demography is the study of Many of the French & English pean exploration (the main what? explorers who claimed land reasons that explorers in North America were look- explored)? ing for this westerly trade route to Asia. God, Gold, Glory 1 Populations Northwest Passage 1 1