History Gal Key Guided Notes PDF

MERCANT ILISM • Countries wanted colonies because of an economic theory called ______________________ order to increase wealth and power, a country that stated in ____________________________________________________________________ must have a favorable balance of trade. ___________________________...

MERCANT ILISM • Countries wanted colonies because of an economic theory called ______________________ order to increase wealth and power, a country that stated in ____________________________________________________________________ must have a favorable balance of trade. _________________________________________________________________________________. a country had to export more • In order to have a favorable balance of trade, ______________________________________ goods than they imported. __________________________________________________________________________________ country needed to sell more of their stuff to other countries • In other words, the ___________________________________________________________________ buying very little from other countries while _____________________________________________________________________________ • Since most of the countries in Europe followed this idea of mercantilism, they needed to find _______________________________________________________ → ___________________ new markets for their goods Colonies What is a charter? CHARTER • Charter colonies were granted charters (written permission) by the A charter is a document issued by the government that gave a group the right to create a colony on land owned by the king or queen. establish their own government crown British king or queen and allowed to ________________________________________________independent of the __________ Joint Stock Companies • They were often financed by ___________________________________________________ • Example - ____________________________________________________________________ Jamestown PROPRIETARY individuals • Proprietary colonies were supervised and governed by ______________________ who had been granted huge tracks of land by the British king or queen _____________________________________________________________ in return for political favors Pennsylvania • Example - ____________________________________ ROYAL under the control of the British king or queen • Royal colonies were __________________________________________________________________________________________ British monarch All of the colonies will eventually be owned by and under the rule of the _____________________________________. • _______ expensive • Financing a colony was an ________________________ endeavor. raise the funds for a colony • A common way to _________________________________________________________ was through JOINT STOCK COMPANIES. investors • Joint Stock Companies financed colonies by having _____________________ pay a __________ share (portion) of the cost. risk 1 • Profits (and losses) were shared by all of the investors thus lessening the ______. Southern ______________ Colony British Settled by the ____________ First British settlement • ____________________________________ - ROANOKE, 1587 • First permanent _____________ British settlement - JAMESTOWN, 1607 ROANOKE, THE LOST COLONY • In 1587, 100 men, women, and children settled on Roanoke John White Island under the leadership of ________________. • The settlement area will eventually become part of ________________________. North Carolina first European born in America • White’s granddaughter, ____________________, Virginia Dare was the _______________________________________________________ • Soon after they settled on Roanoke Island, White returned to ____________________to gather more supplies. England deserted The • It took White nearly 3 years to return to Roanoke. When he arrived, the settlement was _________________. CROAT OAN carved onto the palisades and the letters CRO carved into a nearby tree only clues were the word _____________ _______________. messages meant that the settlers _________________________________________________ were living with the Croatan Indians • White was certain these _____________ on Hatteras Island ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ never had the chance to find out Stormy weather made it impossible to search for the • White ______________________________________________ settlers and White returned to England. to return to America to find his • Despite several attempts, White was never able to raise the funds _____________________________________________ family and the other settlers. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________. JAMESTOWN • In ________, ___________________________________ 1607 the Virginia Company of London (a joint stock company) established a colony along the coast of ________________ Virginia 38 of the 150 settlers survived the • The colony got off to a very rough start – only _______ first winter on a swamp. • The settlement was ___________________________ gentlemen • The __________________refused to work. winter was really, really bad. • The ______________ The Native Americans were not friendly • _________________________________________________________________________ Smith emerged as Jamestown’s leader. He declared that those who didn’t work, ____________________________. wouldn’t eat • John _____________ 1609 things were so bad, the colonists boarded a ship to leave only to be met by a ship with supplies and more • In ________, colonists so they returned to Jamestown. John Rolfe and his wife, __________________, Pocahontas experimented with growing ________________ tobacco • In 1612, __________________ and developed Virginia’s first profitable __________. export profitable • Growing tobacco was very ________ labor intensive, but also hugely _______________. 2,000 survived!) • The Virginia Company offered free ___________ land to people who settled in Jamestown (9,000 came, but only _______ • _______________________________ were first used to work the fields and cure the tobacco. Indentured servants • An indentured servant signed a contract to _________ a certain number of years (usually 7) in return for ___________ passage to the colony and food, clothing, and shelter once they arrived. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________. • the first enslaved Africans were brought to Jamestown. In 1619, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 25% of the European settlers in Jamestown. • In March 1622, Native Americans killed ________ 2 HOUSE OF BURGESSES elected representatives • In 1619, the first legislature made up of _____________________ in North America was established at __________________. Jamestown. property owners could vote to elect representatives • Only ____________________ to the _________________________________________ House of Burgesses • In 1624, the debt-ridden Virginia Company’s charter was revoked __________ Virginia ________________________________________ became a royal colony under King James I. __________________________________________________________. BACON’S REBELLION, 1676 unauthorized militia of indentured servants, slaves, and poor farmers • Nathaniel Bacon raised an _____________________________________________________________________________ to ______________ retaliate against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier. to fight against Bacon and his men • In response, Virginia Governor William Berkeley gathered an army ______________________________________________. • Some scholars believe that Bacon had _____________________________ instead of simply being upset with ulterior motive retaliate against the Native Americans Governor Berkeley’s refusal to _______________________________________________________________________. • Some theories are a personal vendetta • Bacon had __________________________________ against Berkeley financed • Bacon was __________________ by some people who wanted Berkeley removed from power. attacked and destroyed Jamestown • Bacon and his men ___________________________________________________________________________________ • The rebellion ended soon after ________________________________________________________________________ Bacon’s death from dysentery hanged • Bacon’s co-conspirators were _______________________. SIGNIFICANCE OF BACON’S REBELLION colonial rebellion against royal control • First _______________________________________________________________________________________________. • White famers and landholders were given more rights, but the __________ planter class remained in power. Africans hereditary slaves • Laws making _________________________________________ were passed. New England WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Separatists • Pilgrims were also called _____________________. Settled by Pilgrims _____________________ and Puritans seeking religious freedom royal control They wanted to go to Virginia so they could create a church free of _______________________, Church of England unlike the _______________________________. purify the Church of England. • Puritans didn’t want to create a ______________, new church they just wanted __________ Is it important for a country to allow religious freedom? Why or why not? Answers will vary 3 PLYMOUTH COLONY Pilgrims (Separatists) settled the Plymouth Colony • In 1620, the _____________ MAYFLOWER 100 passengers including ____ 35 Pilgrims set sail aboard the ______________ • About _____ for a location near the Hudson River, an area thought to be part of the Virginia colony. • After 65 days at sea, the Mayflower set anchor at ______________. Cape Cod not continue the journey • They decided _____________________________________ and instead looked for a suitable area to settle nearby. • A scouting party found an abandoned Wampanoag community on a hill with a _____________________________________ good water supply, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ a good harbor, and cleared fields. Europeans caused a deadly disease • The Wampanoag had previously abandoned this area after an encounter with ______________ _______ kill most of their people to sweep through their community and _______________________________________________________________________. MAYFLOWER COMPACT • The _________________________________established the foundation for the colony’s government __________________________. • It was the _________________________________________________________________ and it pledged first self government plan in the colonies majority of the colony’s men that the decisions would be made by the will of the ______________ ________. • The Pilgrims settled by the Wampanoag people and soon met __________, Squanto an English speaking member of communicate and mediate with the tribal leaders. the Pawtuxet tribe, who helped them ________________________________________ • Squanto (also known as Tisquantum) had been captured _____________in 1614 or 1615 during one of John Smith’s expeditions learned English as he traveled to return home and taken to England __________. He __________________________________________________________________________________. Massachusetts tribes in the area were the __________________________ • Other __________ and Narragansetts. Half of the settlers died during the first winter • ________ treaty with Wampanoag leader Massasoit (Ousamequin) • Squanto helped the settlers grow corn ______ and establish a ___________ Thanksgiving • In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims celebrated theirfirst _____________ ____________________ harvestand this became the basis for our modern 160 people living in the ________________________. • By 1627, there were ________ Plymouth Colony MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY Puritans settled the ______________________________________________________________________ Massachusetts Bay Colony • In 1630, the _______________ 1000 King Charles I • With a charter from ___________________________, about __________Puritans settled in Massachusetts. John Winthrop who believed, “We shall be as a ______ eyes of city upon a Hill. The ________ • They were led by Governor _______________________ the people are on us.” the beliefs of the Puritan Church. • The Puritan laws that governed the colony were tied to __________________________________________________________ Dissenters • _____________________ were people who didn’t follow the Puritan rules and laws. fines, public humiliation, execution, and banishment. • Punishments for dissenters ranged from _______________________________________________________________________. New England colonies • Some of the dissenters formed other _____________________________________. 20,000 • By 1643, ______________ English settlers joined the Puritans. Even though the Puritans were outnumbered, they only male members of the church could vote remained in control because __________________________________________________________________________________ largest and most influential New England colony eventually swallowing up the Plymouth Colony. • It became the __________________________________ royal colony. • In the 1680s, the king gained control over the colony’s government and in 1691, Massachusetts became a ______ 4 _____________ New England Colony Settled by Roger ___________ ___________ Williams and his supporters in _______ 1635 Roger Williams banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for • ________________________ was _____________ speaking out against government authorities who punished religious _________________________________ Native American land dissention and against the confiscation of _______________________________________. there was no religious persecution of • He founded Rhode Island where ________________________________________________ Christians _____________________________________________________________________________. ___________________ New England Colony FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT: _____________________________ was the first written constitution in North • __________________________________________________________ Thomas Hooker Settled by _______________________ in ________ 1636 America ___________________________________________________________ was based • unlike in Massachusetts, citizenship ______________________ on land ownership, not religion ________________________________________________________ ________ New England ________ Colony Settled by David Thomson 1623 in _______ • Unlike the other New England colonies, settlements in New Hampshire were originally founded for fishing _________________________, not for ______________________. religious freedom exiled from the _________________________________________________ • In 1638, after being ___________ Massachusetts Bay Colony John Wheelright for being a dissenter, _________________________________ and 175 followers established the New no religious ties Hampshire township of ___________that had _______________________________________________. Exeter became its own colony in 1679 • New Hampshire ___________________________________________________________________________. VERMONT: • Vermont declared independence from ____________________________________________ in _________, Great Britain and New York 1777 but the other New York until ________ 1791 when it was formally admitted states refused to acknowledge it as separate from _________________ 14th state. to the United States as the _______ MAINE: • Maine remained a part of ___________________________ until _______ Massachusetts 1820 when it became the _______ 23rd state. 5 settlers rapid settlement growth • Native Americans upset over __________________________________and their treatment fought against English ______________ New England throughout _______________________ Called King Philip by the English the son of Massasoit who • They were led by ___________ Metacom (he was _____________________________________________), had co-existed peacefully with the Pilgrims. united assault on colonial towns. • He created an alliance ________ with other Native Americans and in 1675, he launched a _________________________________. • The English retaliated by _________________________________________________________, killing 4,000. The captured attacking Native American villages men, women, and children were ______________________________________________________________________________. sold into slavery in the West Indies • Governor Andros of New York, a colonial militia, and allied ________________________ Mohawk warriors attacked Metacom’s camp 350 of his men and capturing his wife and son. His wife and son were ______________________________. sold into slavery killing _______ Metacom 1676 • The war ended shortly after _______________________was captured and killed in ________. EFFECTS ON COLONISTS: 52 towns suffered damage, __________ 17 towns were destroyed, _____ 2,000 settlers were killed. • _____ decades to recover from the destruction, loss of lives, and expense. • It took ____________ EFFECTS ON NATIVE AMERICANS: servitude political independence • _______________________ entire families were sold into slavery, many were forced into local ________________, lose land ended they continued to ______________________ __________, AMERICA’S DEADLIEST WAR? greater than any other 5 percent of the European population was killed during King Philip’s War which is _____________ • ______ war in U.S. History. • When young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused some local women of witchcraft, a wave a hysteria swept through the area. ______________________________________________________________________. 150 people were imprisoned forwitchcraft • ______ ____________, 7 died in prison, 19 men and women were found guilty and hanged ___________ and 1 person was crushed to death for refusing ___________________ to testify 1692 with public opinion turning against the trials. • The hysteria ended in September __________________ growing crops difficult. • The climate and rocky soil made _______________________________________________. • Its proximity to waterways ____________________________ and harbors made fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding important industries. • Additionally, the _______________ were beneficial for trapping and timber. forests centers of commerce • New England’s harbor towns became _________________________________________________________________. Triangular Trade • New England became a key part of the ____________________________ and other trade __________________. routes 6 Middle _____________ Colony Settled by the ___________ Dutch in __________ 1624 New Netherlands • The Dutch called the area _____________________________ and New York City was called ___________________________________ New Amsterdam Dutch • ___________________________ explored the area in 1611 for the __________ Henry Hudson Netherlands its claim to the territory. East India Company, giving the __________________ promote settlement • The Dutch used the “Patroon” System to ________________________________. • Dutch landholders were given huge tracts of land that they could _________ _____________________________________________. rent out to tenant farmers. gained control • They were able to keep their land even when the British _________________________ The Dutch and British fought 3 naval wars • Between 1652-1674 - __________________________________________________________________________________________ surrendered it without a fight. • In _______ 1664 - the British sent a naval fleet to seize New Netherlands and the Dutch ________________ Duke of York • The territory was renamed for the ______________________, the brother of King ____________________ who received a Charles II charter for the territory. • 1673 - The ___________ Dutch briefly recaptured the area, but it was quickly returned to British control. Middle _________ Colony European • 1660 - Bergan became New Jersey’s first ______________________ settlement. British took control. New Netherlands • New Jersey was part of ___________________________ until 1664 when the _________ Settled by the Dutch in ________ 1660 Duke of York gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two • In 1664, the ____________________ Carteret and Lord JohnBerkley friends, Sir George __________ _________, and the area was re-named New Jersey. the Quakers • In 1673, Berkley sold his share of western New Jersey to ______________________. East and West Jersey • Between 1674-1702, New Jersey was divided into 2 provinces: ________________________________. Queen Anne united the 2 sections and New Jersey became a ________ royal colony. • In 1702, ____________________ Middle ____________ Colony • In 1681, King __________________ Charles II granted William Penn a Settled by ___________________ William Penn in 1682 ______________ charter for the colony of Pennsylvania. • Penn established the colony as a “______________________,” Holy Experiment a place _____________ without a landowning aristocracy where 50 acres right to vote every male settler received _______________________ and the ________________________________________. Quaker and his colony soon became a ___________ haven for Quakers. • In the 1660s, William Penn became a _____________ • The ____________________________, better known as Quakers, was established in 1647, but was not formally Society of Friends organized until 1668. Simple speech and clothing • Quakers were often ridiculed for their _________________________________________. They were also persecuted ________________ for rejecting the oaths, rituals, and formal ministers of the 17th century church, and for their ______________ anti-war beliefs. 7 Middle ______ Colony New York gained control over Delaware. • In 1664 ______, the British Duke of _______ York and the colony of ______________ Pennsylvania William Penn • In 1681, ________________________ was granted control over Delaware as part of _______________________ Pennsylvania form its own colony • In 1701, Delaware separated from ________________________ to _________________________________________. Settled by New ________ Sweden Company in 1638 farming • The area’s rolling hills were very fertile and perfect for ___________________. • The _____________________________ Hudson and Delaware Rivers allowed for easy trade and the harbor towns became centers of commerce. • The colonies grew corn and other __________________, vegetables wheat, oats, fruits, and raised ___________________. livestock logging, shipbuilding, and fishing • They also built successful ___________________________________________________________________________industries. ______________ Southern Colony Lord __________ Baltimore __________ • Lord _______________ Catholic who convinced King Charles I to grant Baltimore was a ____________ in 1632 Catholics to settle him 100 million acres for persecuted ________________________________________. • Settled by PROPRIETARY colony Maryland was settled as a __________________________________________ which meant that the owner of the colony was the ruler, not the _______________________________. British king or queen died before he was able to do anything with the land. His son,Cecil Calvert took over managing the colony. • Baltimore _____ ____________, 100 acres • He offered _____________________ to every married couple who settled in Maryland. Protestants Protestant • ________________________ took advantage of his offer and this Catholic haven became mostly ______________________. • The TOLERATION ACT OF 1649 granted _______________________________________________ religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland. _________________ Southern Colony Settled by supporters __________________ • With easy access to the _________ trade in the West Indies, people settled in the of King Charles II in 1663 Carolinas to grow cash crops like ________________________________________. rice, indigo, and tobacco • King Charles II granted ___________________________________________. 8 supporters land in the Carolinas • CASH CROPS are grown for the purpose of __________ selling rather than being farmer to use. grown for just the ______________ a huge labor force • These labor intensive crops required _________________________________________. ensalved Africans outnumbered European • By 1720, ___________________________ settlers in the Carolinas 2:1. royal • In 1729, Carolina became a _________________ and was split into North and South Carolina _____________________________________________________________. _____________ Southern Colony Carolina and ___________________. Spanish Florida buffer between South • Georgia was established as a _________ _________________ debtors Settled by General • It was established as a place for English _________ to go and serve their sentences. never actually became a debtor colony like General Oglethorpe had James Oglethorpe ___________ • However, Georgia _______ 1732 envisioned. Cash crops like tobacco, rice, indigo, and, later, cotton that needed • ______________ land and labor lots of __________________________________ • mostly ___________________________________________________ farms and plantations • not as commercial as the _____________________________________ New England and Middle Colonies ________________________________________________________________ Label the colonies and use colors or patterns to indicate which ones were New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies. New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Pennsylvania Maryland Virginia New Jersey Rhode Island Connecticut Delaware North Carolina South Carolina Key New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies 9