Unit-1 (7) PDF
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This document is a unit on the history of Japan. It covers various aspects of Japanese history, from its geographical context to political developments. The unit also includes questions (to be answered in the associated answer key) and is intended for learners of Japanese history. The text appears to be in Hindi.
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1-0 mÌs'; 1-1 izLrkouk 1-2 iwohZ-,f'k;k vkSj blds iM+kslh 1-3 tkiku % HkkSxksfyd okrkoj.k 1-4 tkikuh bfrgkl ds v/;;u ds fy, n`f"Vdks.k 1-5 tkikuh bfrgkl esa dkykof/kdj.k 1-6 “kkL=h; tkiku dk fuekZ.k 1-7 izfrLi/khZ 'kfDr;k¡ % lezkV] /kkfeZd lewg vkSj ;ks)kx.k 1-8 nkbE;ksa dk mn; % vksM+k ukscqukxk 1-...
1-0 mÌs'; 1-1 izLrkouk 1-2 iwohZ-,f'k;k vkSj blds iM+kslh 1-3 tkiku % HkkSxksfyd okrkoj.k 1-4 tkikuh bfrgkl ds v/;;u ds fy, n`f"Vdks.k 1-5 tkikuh bfrgkl esa dkykof/kdj.k 1-6 “kkL=h; tkiku dk fuekZ.k 1-7 izfrLi/khZ 'kfDr;k¡ % lezkV] /kkfeZd lewg vkSj ;ks)kx.k 1-8 nkbE;ksa dk mn; % vksM+k ukscqukxk 1-9 fgns;ks'kh % ,d lkekU; tu tks tkiku dk “kkld cu x;k 1-10 rksdqxkok dh 'kfDr dk mn~Hko 1-11 ccZj yksxksa ;k ,eh”kh dks fu;af=r djuk 1-12 lkjka'k 1-13 cks/k iz'uksa ds mÙkj bl bdkbZ esa vki fuEufyf[kr ds ckjs esa tkusaxs % lksygoha “krkCnh rd vkSj tkiku ns'k dks vkdkj nsus okyh izeq[k jktuSfrd lLFkkvksa ds bfrgkl dk ,d O;kid losZ{k.k] vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj nSfud thou esa :ikarj.k] vkSj izeq[k /kkfeZd iz.kkfy;k¡ vkSj ckSf)d izo`fÙk;k¡ tks tkikuh fpUru dk vk/kkj gSaA ;g bdkbZ vk/kqfud tkiku ds bfrgkl dks le>us ds fy, vko”;d i`"BHkwfe iznku djrh gSA ;g bdkbZ iwohZ-,f'k;kbZ {ks= esa tkiku dk LFkku fu/kkZj.k djsxh] vkidks blds HkkSxksfyd okrkoj.k dh dqN fo”ks’krkvksa ls ifjfpr djk,xh vkSj vBkgjoha “krkCnh rd ds ,sfrgkfld fodkl dh ,d foLr`r :ijs[kk izLrqr djsxhA ;g /;ku j[kuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd tkiku] pkj eq[; }hiksa vkSj vU; NksVs }hiksa ls cuk gS] tks izkÑfrd :i ls egk}hi dh eq[; Hkwfe ls vyx Fks ysfdu blds izHkkoksa ls vyx ugha FksA tkikuh yksx lkeqfnzd lEca/kksa ds ek/;e ls eq[; Hkwfe ls tqMs+ gq, FksA tkiku 7 vkSj dksfj;kbZ izk;}hi ds chp esa fLFkfr Rlqf”kek dk tyM+e:e/; dsoy ,d lkS chl ehy pkSM+k gS] blfy, dksfj;k ds lkFk lEca/k tkikuh }hiksa esa yksxksa] fopkjksa vkSj O;kikj ds izos”k ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ ekxZ FkkA bl vof/k esa] iwohZ phu lkxj dks ikj djuk [krjukd Fkk] blfy, tkiku lh/ks lEidZ ls vNwrk Fkk vkSj phu }kjk vkØe.k dh lEHkkoukvksa ls cpk gqvk Fkk] tks bl {ks= esa izeq[k jktuSfrd vkSj lkaLÑfrd 'kfDr FkhA tkiku egk}hi ls tqM+k gqvk Fkk ysfdu jktuSfrd gLr{ksi ls lqjf{kr FkkA leqnzh ekxksZa us tkikuh }hiksa dks nf{k.k-iwoZ ,f'k;k ls Hkh tksM+kA vk/kqfud le; esa] tkiku dh Js’Brk vkSj ,f'k;k ds usrk ds :i esa bldh Hkwfedk dk nkok djus okys jk’Vªokfn;ksa us rdZ fn;k fd tkikuh lH;rk dks ,f'k;kbZ lH;rkvksa }kjk vkdkj fn;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu pwafd ;g dHkh mifuosf”kr ugha gqbZ Fkh blfy, blus bu rRoksa dk lcls vPNk laj{k.k fd;k FkkA lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd {ks= esa lcls fodflr lH;rk ds :i esa phu us iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k-iwohZ ,f'k;k ij ,d 'kfDr”kkyh izHkko MkykA phuh Hkk’kk vfHktkR; oxZ dh Hkk’kk cu xbZ vkSj tkiku] dksfj;k vkSj fo;ruke esa phuh /kkfeZd vkSj nk”kZfud fopkjksa dks viuk;k x;k vkSj vuqdwfyr fd;k x;kA bu lEca/kksa us ,d leku Hkk’kk vkSj ewY;kas dh lk>k Hkkouk iSnk dh ysfdu rukoksa vkSj Vdjkoksa dks Hkh iSnk fd;k D;ksafd izR;sd us phuh jktuSfrd fu;a=.k vkSj mlds fopkjksa ds izHkqRo ls viuh Lok;Ùkrk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, la?k’kZ fd;kA bfrgkl dk v/;;u djrs le; Hkwxksy dks le>uk egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ;g ifjHkkf’kr djrk gS fd fuokfl;ksa ds fy, D;k lEHko gSA tkikuh }hi lewg vis{kkÑr gky dk gh fufeZr gSA ;g izfØ;k dsoy dqN ianzg fefy;u lky igys “kq: gqbZ Fkh] ysfdu tSlk fd ge bu }hiksa dks tkurs gSa] ;g T;knkrj nks-ik¡p fefy;u o’kksZa ds nkSjku fufeZr gq, gSaA bu }hiksa dh jpuk pkj foofrZfudh IysVksa ¼VsDVksfud IysV½ ds Vdjko ls gqbZ gSA ;s Vdjko HkwdEi vkSj Tokykeq[kh foLQksVksa dk mRiknu tkjh j[krs gSaA bl vfLFkj fLFkfr us fu;rdky dh vkinkvksa dks tUe fn;k gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i fuokfl;ksa dks bu ckjEckj vkus okyh vkinkvksa dk iwokZuqeku vkSj lkeuk djus ds fy, lh[kus ds fy, et+cwj fd;k gSA iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k-iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ {ks= fge ;qx ds fgeunksa ¼Xysf”k;jksa½ ls izHkkfor ugha Fks vkSj D;ksafd tkikuh }hi lewg fofHkUu vof/k;ksa esa egk}hih; eq[; Hkwfe ls tqM+k gqvk Fkk] blls bl {ks= dks tSfod izpqj lEink dk ykHk feykA mnkgj.k ds fy,] mÙkjh vesfjdk esa okf.kT; dh n`f"V ls mi;ksxh ns'kh o`{kksa dh 250 fdLesa gSa] tcfd tkiku esa ,sls o`{kksa dh 500 fdLesa gSaA ;g fodkl ds fy, ,d le`) lalk/ku jgk gS] ysfdu lkFk gh izÑfr us tkiku dks fodkl ds nkSjku dbZ rjg ls izfrfØ;k nsus dh vuqefr nh gSA tkiku dk Hkw-Hkkx 80% igkM+h gS] vkSj ;s igkM+ vkSlru nks ls rhu gtkj ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ds gSa vkSj [kM+s dks vkdj fn;k gSA iwohZ ,f'k;kbZ {ks= esa phuh laLÑfr ds izkjafHkd izHkqRo dk eryc gS fd phuh izHkkoksa us bl {ks= dks vkdkj fn;k vkSj phuh Hkk’kk lH;rk dk okgd vkSj vfHktkR; oxZ ds yksxksa dh lkoZtfud Hkk’kk cu xbZA vkBoha “krkCnh rd tkiku us iz”kklu vkSj laLÑfr dh Hkk’kk ds :i esa phuh Hkk’kk dks viuk;kA tkikuh Hkk’kk ,d v{kj-cgqy inksa ls ;qDr vkSj la;qfXer Hkk’kk gS vkSj phuh Hkk’kk ls cgqr vyx gSA tkikuh Hkk’kk us phuh Hkko-fp=ksa ¼dkath½ dk bLrseky fd;k] ysfdu nks o.kZekyk,¡ cukbZ] ftldk mi;ksx mUgksaus phuh Hkko-fp=ksa ds lkFk tkikuh fy[kus ds fy,] tSlk ;g cksyh tkrh Fkh bLrseky fd;kA phuh ds Kku us vfHktkR; oxZ dks phuh lH;rk dks igq¡p nh] ysfdu mUgsa tks Kku izkIr gqvk mldk izlkj.k O;kid yksdfiz; Lrj ij gqvk Fkk D;ksafd LFkkuh; o.kZekyk esa fy[ks x;s xzaFkksa dks mu yksxksa }kjk i