Understanding The Self Midterm Notes PDF

Harriet Nicole Ramos UNDERSTANDING THE SELF COM246 Lesson 1: Significance/Importance of UTS 2. Build mental health support network Benefits of Self-Understanding 3. Challenge n...

Harriet Nicole Ramos UNDERSTANDING THE SELF COM246 Lesson 1: Significance/Importance of UTS 2. Build mental health support network Benefits of Self-Understanding 3. Challenge negative thoughts o Improve decision-making 4. Look after mental and physical health o Better relationships 5. Self-care o Increased self-confidence 6. Ask for help o Self-awareness (aware of strengths and weaknesses) Lesson 3: Philosophical Perspective o Personal and professional growth Philosophical Concept of Self What is Self-Reflection? A. Socrates (470-399 B.C) o Understand oneself o Teacher of Plato. o like journaling, meditation, seeking feedback. o His ideas and teachings are preserved through the dialogue of his students. Lesson 2: Knowing our Self-Concept o Philosophy – introspection (self- What is Self-Concept? reflection), critical thinking, and the o Perceptions and feelings about self with pursuit of self-knowledge. regards to our worth. o Philosophical contributions: Dimensions of Self-Concept: a) Self-Examination 1. Self-Image b) Ignorance and Wisdom o Our worth regarding physical and c) Dialectical Method (seeks social appearance. truth by examining o Recognizes and accepts physical and contradictions) social limitations d) Virtue and Ethics o Value “inner beauty” e) The Soul and Immortality 2. Self-Confidence B. Plato o Worth regarding our capabilities. o Student of Socrates, Teacher of Aristotle. o Develops potential by trying o Identify 3 elements of soul, which is o Not afraid of making mistakes responsible for our behavior. o Does not fall into trap of “being o Called as Tripartite Soul: perfect”. a) Reason/Rational 3. Self-Esteem 1. Logic o Worth regarding our lovability. 2. Mind o Believes he/she is lovable 3. Truth & Wisdom o Does not put down self even when 4. Virtue of Wisdom rejected. 5. If not, Pride/Sloth. Signs of Healthy Self-Esteem: b) Spirited o Able to say no 1. Emotion o Able to express your needs 2. Heart Signs of Low Self-Esteem: 3. Honor & Victory o Trouble accepting positive feedback 4. Virtue of Courage o Fear of failure 5. If not, Anger/Envy. How to Improve your Self-Esteem: c) Appetitive 1. Connect with people 1. Desire 1 Harriet Nicole Ramos UNDERSTANDING THE SELF COM246 2. Belly/Genitals o Austrian Neurologist and founder of 3. Pleasure Psychoanalysis 4. Moderation o Believes in: 5. If not, Greed. o Id (Instincts) – Unconscious mind o The Allegory of the Cave – metaphor for a) Pleasure principle, often the journey of soul toward knowledge and impulsive. enlightenment. o Ego (Reality) – Conscious mind a) Shadows – who believe a) Seeks pleasure but with empirical evidence, unclear realistic strategy that is reality, distorted. acceptable in the society. b) Escaped Prisoner – o Superego (Morality) – represents the philosopher, a) Moral Conscience, if things seeks knowledge. are done ethically. c) Sun – truth and knowledge o “My soul is restless until they rest in you.” d) Intellectual Journey – E. Rene Descartes philosophers’ journey. o French Philosopher, Mathematician and e) Prisoners’ reaction – people Scientist. fear philosophical truths. o Dualistic in Nature f) Prisoners – ignorant, a) Material Body unenlightened. b) Non-material mind g) Prisoners chain – o He stated that we are “thinking beings”. limitations F. John Locke h) One who releases the o Self is “Tabula Rasa” or Blank Slate. prisoners – savior is the o Consciousness is important for him educator because self is built up of sense o True Nature of the Self – unchanging experiences. essence that exist beyond temporary. G. David Hume o Soul is immortal, continues to exist after o There is no self physical death. o Acknowledge sense experiences as part of C. St. Augustine understanding the self, but not entirety of o Christian Philosopher and Theologian our identity. It is an impression that give us o Dualistic view idea. a) Immortal soul H. Immanuel Kant b) Body o There is self (a product of reason), o Body as a “snare” and a “cage” for soul. because our mind organizes experiences o Believe in: and principles. a) Original Sin o Mind constructs reality b) Fallen Nature I. Gilbert Ryle o Self is known through knowing God, the o Self is the same as bodily behavior, your more you seek, the more you understand actions, your behavior, that is who you are. yourself. o “I act therefore I am” D. Sigmund Freud J. Paul Churchland 2 Harriet Nicole Ramos UNDERSTANDING THE SELF COM246 o He believes in eliminative materialism aspects of development. Like o Self is the brain (if the brain is dead, you’re physically, intelligence, personality, also dead). and susceptibility to certain diseases. K. Maurice Merleau-Ponty What is Nurture Perspective? o Self is embodied subjectively, where body o Refers to sociocultural environment. and mind are intertwined. o “nurtured” to behave in certain ways. Philosophical Perspectives: Environmental Impact – factors such 1. Socrates – “Know Thyself” as experiences, culture, and social 2. Plato – Allegory of the Cave interactions in shaping an individual. 3. Augustine – “Our Heart is restless until they Socialization – interactions with rest in You” family, peers, and society. Key element 4. Descartes – “I think, therefore I am” in this perspective. 5. Locke – Tabula Rasa 6. Kant – Self is the organizing consciousness 7. Freud – id, ego, superego 8. Ryle – “I act therefore I am.” 9. Churchland – The self is the brain 10. Maurice Merleau-Ponty – Self is embodied consciousness. Rationalism vs Empiricism o Rationalism Reason is the source of knowledge Believe in intuition Have innate knowledge or concepts Basta pag naniniwala sa soul o Empiricism Experience is the source of knowledge Do not believe in intuition Have no innate knowledge Basta sa tao or experiences. Lesson 4: Anthropological Perspective What is Anthropology? o Study of human societies, cultures, and their development. What is Nature Perspective? o Genetic inheritance that sets individual’s potential. o “Personality traits” and “abilities” are in our “nature” Biological Determinism – biological factors primarily determine various 3