Literary Scholarship & Interpretation PDF

**TOPIC 1: LITERARY SCHOLARSHIP AND INTERPRETATION** - **CLOSE READING**: Detailed analysis of a text\'s structure and meaning. - **PRIMARY SOURCE**: Original works of literature being studied. - **SECONDARY SOURCE**: Analyses or interpretations of primary texts. - **TERTIARY SOURCE*...

**TOPIC 1: LITERARY SCHOLARSHIP AND INTERPRETATION** - **CLOSE READING**: Detailed analysis of a text\'s structure and meaning. - **PRIMARY SOURCE**: Original works of literature being studied. - **SECONDARY SOURCE**: Analyses or interpretations of primary texts. - **TERTIARY SOURCE**: Summaries or compilations of primary and secondary sources. - **PLOT**: The sequence of events in a narrative. - **AESTHETICS**: The study of beauty and taste in art and literature. - **DIDACTICISM**: The intention to teach or instruct through literature. - **MIMESIS (IMITATION)**: Representation of reality in literature and art. - **MEMOIR**: A narrative based on personal experiences. - **BIOGRAPHY**: A detailed description of someone\'s life by another person. - **AUTOBIOGRAPHY**: A self-written account of one's life. - **ESSAY**: A short work expressing a writer\'s perspective on a subject. - **PARABLE**: A simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson. - **BALLAD**: A narrative poem often set to music. - **ODE**: A formal, lyric poem expressing emotion or praise. - **FABLE**: A story with a moral, often featuring animals as characters. - **ELEGY**: A mournful poem reflecting on loss or death. - **INTERTEXTUALITY**: The relationship between texts and their interconnectedness. - **INTERPRETATION**: The act of explaining or understanding a literary work. **TOPIC 2: NARRATOLOGY** - **NARRATOLOGY**: The study of narrative structure. - **NARRATIVE**: The representation of a sequence of events. - **NARRATION**: The act of telling a story. - **NARRATOR**: The voice or character telling the story. - **POINT OF VIEW**: The perspective from which a story is told. - **OMNISCIENT NARRATOR**: A narrator who knows all characters\' thoughts and feelings. - **3RD PERSON LIMITED POINT OF VIEW**: A perspective focused on one character\'s thoughts and experiences. - **INTRUSIVE NARRATOR**: A narrator that interrupts the narrative to provide commentary. - **EXTERNAL NARRATOR**: A narrator who is not a character in the story. - **CHARACTER-BOUND NARRATOR**: A narrator limited to the experiences of one character. - **UNRELIABLE NARRATOR**: A narrator whose credibility is compromised. - **AUTHORITATIVE NARRATOR**: A trustworthy narrator with reliable information. - **FOCALIZER / FOCAL POINT**: The character through whose perspective the events are perceived. - **INTERNAL FOCALIZER**: A focal point limited to one character's thoughts. - **EXTERNAL FOCALIZER**: A focal point that observes events without internal access. - **PROTAGONIST**: The main character in a narrative. - **ANTAGONIST**: The character opposing the protagonist. - **FOIL**: A character that contrasts with another, usually the protagonist. - **HERO/HEROINE**: A character admired for their courage and noble qualities. - **ANTIHERO**: A central character lacking conventional heroic traits. - **VILLAIN**: A character who embodies evil or opposition. - **STOCK CHARACTER**: A stereotypical character representing familiar traits. - **SIDEKICK**: A secondary character supporting the protagonist. - **STORY TIME**: The chronological sequence of events. - **DISCOURSE TIME**: The time taken to tell the story. - **SUMMARY (NARRATOLOGY)**: A condensed retelling of a narrative\'s plot. - **ELLIPSIS (NARRATOLOGY)**: Omission of a part of the text, often to skip time. - **FLASHBACK / ANALEPSIS**: A narrative technique where past events are brought into the present. - **FORESHADOWING / PROLEPSIS**: Hints about future events in a narrative. **TOPIC 3: THEMATICS** - **SYMBOL**: An object or action representing a deeper meaning. - **MOTIF**: A recurring element with significance in a literary work. - **THEME**: The central message or underlying idea of a piece. - **SETTING**: The time and place in which a story occurs. **TOPIC 4: POETRY** - **STANZA**: A grouped set of lines in a poem. - **ANAPHORA**: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. - **ASSONANCE**: The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. - **CONSONANCE**: The repetition of consonant sounds in close proximity. - **EUPHONY**: Pleasing and harmonious sounds. - **CACOPHONY**: Harsh and discordant sounds. - **ONOMATOPOEIA**: Words that imitate natural sounds. - **ASYNDETON**: Omission of conjunctions in a series. - **POLYSYNDETON**: Excessive use of conjunctions in listing items. - **PARALLELISM**: Similar structure in a series of phrases or clauses. - **ELLIPSIS (FIGURE OF SPEECH)**: Omission of words that are understood in context. - **APOSTROPHE (FIGURE OF SPEECH)**: Directly addressing an absent or imaginary person or idea. - **PERSONIFICATION**: Giving human traits to non-human entities or ideas. - **SYNESTHESIA**: Blending of senses, where one sense is described in terms of another. - **HYPERBOLE**: Exaggeration for emphasis or effect. - **LITOTES**: An understatement using double negatives for effect. - **OXYMORON**: Contradictory terms combined for effect. - **METAPHOR**: A direct comparison between two unlike things. - **SIMILE**: A comparison using \"like\" or \"as.\" - **METONYMY**: Substitution of a name related to a thing for the thing itself. - **SYNECDOCHE**: A part representing the whole or vice versa. - **VERBAL IRONY**: Saying the opposite of what is meant. - **DRAMATIC IRONY**: When the audience knows something the characters do not. - **DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE (TYPE OF POEM)**: A poem where a single character speaks, revealing personal thoughts. - **RHYME SCHEME**: The pattern of rhymes in a poem. - **END RHYME**: Rhyme occurring at the end of lines. - **INTERNAL RHYME**: Rhyme occurring within a single line. - **PERFECT RHYME**: Exact matching of ending sounds. - **SLANT RHYME**: Approximate or half rhyme. - **EYE RHYME**: Words that look similar but do not rhyme phonetically. - **MASCULINE RHYME**: A rhyme on the final stressed syllable. - **FEMININE RHYME**: A rhyme on the final unstressed syllable. - **END-STOPPED LINE**: A line that ends with a punctuation mark. - **RUN-ON LINE**: A line that continues into the next without a syntactical break. - **CAESURA**: A pause in a line of poetry. - **ENJAMBMENT**: The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line. - **METER**: The structured rhythm of a poem. - **SUBSTITUTION (METRICAL VARIATION)**: Altering a metrical pattern within a line. - **HYPERMETRICAL SYLLABLE**: An extra syllable in a line. - **CATALEXIS; CATALECTIC LINE / SYLLABLE**: An incomplete line or syllable lacking a foot. - **HEADLESSNESS; HEADLESS LINE**: A line missing its first foot. - **IAMB**: A metrical foot with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. - **TROCHEE**: A metrical foot with a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. - **MONOMETER, DIMETER... OCTAMETER**: Lines of poetry with one to eight metrical feet, respectively. - **COUPLET; TERCET... OCTAVE**: Stanzas of two, three, and eight lines, respectively. - **BLANK VERSE**: Unrhymed iambic pentameter. - **FREE VERSE**: Poetry without a fixed meter or rhyme scheme. **TOPIC 5: LITERARY THEORY AND CRITICISM** - **LITERARINESS**: The quality that makes a text literary or artistic. - **DEFAMILIARIZATION**: The technique of presenting common things in an unfamiliar way. - **HERMENEUTICS**: The theory and methodology of interpretation, particularly of texts. - **IDEOLOGY**: A set of beliefs or philosophies underpinning a work. - **BINARY OPPOSITION**: A pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning. - **INTERDISCIPLINARITY**: Involvement of multiple academic disciplines in analysis. - **LITERARY THEORY**: Frameworks for analyzing literature and its meanings. - **LITERARY CRITICISM**: Analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works. - **LITERARY HISTORY (A TYPE OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: The study and analysis of literature across different periods and cultures. - **COMPANION (A TYPE OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: A comprehensive guide addressing a specific theme or period in literature. - **ANTHOLOGY**: A collection of works from various authors, often around a theme. - **ACADEMIC PAPER/ARTICLE**: A scholarly written work presenting research or analysis. - **MONOGRAPH**: A detailed written study of a single specialized subject. - **ABSTRACT (PART OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: A brief summary of the content of a paper. - **BIBLIOGRAPHY (PART OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: A list of works cited or consulted in research. - **INDEX (PART OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: An organized list of topics covered in a text. - **GLOSSARY (PART OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATION)**: A list of terms and their definitions related to the work. **TOPIC 6: DRAMA** - **PERIPETEIA**: A sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances. - **ANAGNORISIS**: A moment of revelation or recognition. - **HAMARTIA**: A tragic flaw or error leading to a character's downfall. - **CATHARSIS**: Emotional release experienced by the audience through the drama. - **MOTIVE (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH MOTIF!)**: The reason behind a character\'s actions or behaviors. - **SUBPLOT**: A secondary storyline intertwining with the main plot. - **ACT (PART OF PLAY STRUCTURE)**: A major division in a play. - **SCENE (PART OF PLAY STRUCTURE)**: A subdivision of an act, typically with a specific setting. - **EXPOSITION**: Background information needed to understand the plot. - **INCITING FORCE**: An event that sets the main plot into motion. - **RISING ACTION**: The sequence of events building tension leading to the climax. - **TURNING POINT (FROM G. B. TENNYSON)**: A moment resulting in significant change in the narrative. - **CLIMAX**: The peak of conflict or tension in the story. - **FALLING ACTION**: Events following the climax leading to resolution. - **DÉNOUEMENT / CATASTROPHE**: The final resolution or outcome of the plot. - **MONOLOGUE**: A long speech by a single character. - **SOLILOQUY**: A speech in which a character speaks their thoughts aloud, often when alone. - **ASIDE**: A brief remark made to the audience, unheard by other characters.