Transportation History PDF

**HISTORY OF TRANSPORTATION** **[Early Man]** - Walked to transport himself - Dragged, rolled, or pushed what he or she needed to transport - If things needed to be hauled (including himself), it could be done by others under his direction - Early "roads" were worn paths **First ve...

**HISTORY OF TRANSPORTATION** **[Early Man]** - Walked to transport himself - Dragged, rolled, or pushed what he or she needed to transport - If things needed to be hauled (including himself), it could be done by others under his direction - Early "roads" were worn paths **First vehicle** Most likely a sled/ sledge (7000 BC) **[Man Becomes Mobile]** - The development of the wheel led to - Mesopotamia - 3500 BC - First hard surfaces for travel purposes - Most likely packed material, soil, etc. - the development of wheeled vehicles - By 3000 BC - Domesticated animals - made beasts of burden - Sails & wheeled vehicles developed **[Road "Upgrade"]** - Crete - Mediterranean - 1500 BC - First stone surfaced roads constructed **[The West ]** - The Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas are building roads away from the coast - To move their armies to either conquer others or to defend themselves - To move food and trade goods **[Early Pavement Technology]** - Roman Empire - 300 BC - Using broken stones in mortar for roadway surfaces - An early advancement in pavement technology **[Vehicle "Upgrade"]** - New Developments - Between AD 800 and 1100 - The modern horse harness and traces along with nailed iron horseshoes are developed during this period. **[Finding the Way]** - 1200 - The magnetic compass is invented, probably in China - Adopted by European mariners for navigation **[Notable Voyages]** 1942: Christopher columbus (discovers the Americas) 1497-8: Vasco de gama (sails around Africa) 1519-22: Ferdinand Magellam (first voyage around the world) **[Getting Steamed]** - 1769: First steam road vehicle demonstrated by Nicolas Cugnot in Paris - 1786: First successful steamboat demonstrated by John Fitch on Delaware River - 1804: First successful railroad steam locomotive demonstrated by Richard Trevithick in Wales **[Paving the Way]** - John Loudon MacAdam - 1815 - Builds macadam hard-surfaced roads in England - The beginning of the modern pavement era **[Riding the Rails]** - The Railroad Era: 1820-1920 - 1825: Stockton and Darlington Railway in England becomes the first common carrier to use locomotive power - 1863: First subway line opens in London - 1869: Transcontinental railroad completed in the United States - 1882-1883: First electrified railroads open in England and Ireland **[Sailing the Seas]** - 1825: Erie Canal opens - 1850's: Age of clipper ships - 1869: Suez Canal opens - 1914: Panama Canal opens **[The Auto Debuts]** - 1880's: Daimler and Benz in Germany build the first successful automobiles with gasoline engines - 1916: Congress passes the Federal Aid Road Act which allocates funding for roadway construction **[The Modern Highway]** - 1940: Pennsylvania Turnpike Opens - one of the first expressways in the United States - 1956: Interstate Highway Act passed by Congress - Largest public works project in history - 40,000 miles of interstate highways **[Taking Flight]** - 1903: The Wright Brothers make first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - 1952: First commercial jet service, using British DeHavilland Comet - 1970: First jumbo jet (Boeing 747) air service **[Key Events]** - 1970's & 1980's: Fuel Crises / Lines at gas pumps - 1990: ISTEA - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act - end of construction era of the Interstate system and a shift toward maintenance and efficiency - ITS - 1998: TEA-21: Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century **[Beyond the Earth]** - 1969: Man, Lands on the Moon - 1981: Space Shuttle - reusable vehicle for space exploration **LAND TRANSPORTATION** Is the transport or movement of people, animals, or goods from one location to another location on land. **Two main forms of land transportation** Road transport and rail transport **MODES OF TRANSPORTATION ARE COMMONLY USED BY TOURISTS** **Car** most popular form of tourism 61% **Air 21%** **Rail 15%** **Ship 3%** **ROAD TRANSPORTATION GREYHOUND LINES** - **Greyhound Lines, Inc.,** usually shortened to **Greyhound**, is an intercity bus common carrier serving more than 3,800 destinations across North America. The company\'s first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1914 and the company adopted the Greyhound name in 1929. - **Greyhound** and its sister companies in **FirstGroup America** are the largest motorcoach operators in the United States and Canada. - **Greyhound celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2014 through a deserved reputation for great service and value for money fares.** - The **Greyhound fleet consists of about 3,250 buses, with an average age of 7.2 years**. One Greyhound bus takes an average of 84 cars off the road, and achieves 184 passenger miles per gallon of fuel. - **Greyhound** **uses approximately 190 company-operated bus terminals and 1,250 agency-operated terminals** or sales agencies. Including all stops, Greyhound serves more than 3,800 destinations in the United States. **MAJOR PHILIPPINE BUS LINE** Victory liner- was incorporated in 1953 , founded by Mr. Jose Hernandez Sr., was derived from the world war II word victory Joe. **It is the sister company of Five Star** **Victory Liner, Inc.** (VLI) is one of the largest provincial bus companies operating in the Philippines, servicing routes mainly to the provinces of Central Luzon which includes Zambales, Pampanga, Bulacan and Northern Luzon which includes Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan, Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, Isabela and Cagayan. **TRANSPORT NETWORK VEHICLE SERVICES** TNVS is the official term used to describe vehicle owners who provide services via the Uber, Grab, Micab and MyRide or any similar applications **Active transportation** is self-propelled motion or getting around using human power, whether you are walking, cycling, jogging, skateboarding, inline skating or traveling in a non-mechanized wheelchair or equipment. SUCH AS: Walking, Jogging, Hiking, Trekking, Biking, Cycling, Skateboarding, Skating **RAIL TRANSPORTATION** Rail transport (also know as train transport) means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks. **EURAIL** **Eurailpass-** a special fare tickts introduced in 1959 that allows either unlimited train travel, or travel for certain number of days/weeks, in 33 european countries **Eurail group**, based in Utrecht, is responsible for the marketing and management of the Eurail and interrail passes. Company owned over 35 european railway and shipping companies. The Eurail pass is available to non -european residents. **AMTRAK** is a passenger railroad services that provides medium and long-distance intercity service in the contiguous united states and to nine Canadian cities. Founded in 1971 as a quasi-public corporation to operate many U.S passenger rail routes. Amtrak receives a combination of state and fedral subsides but is managed as a for profit organization. Amtrak headquarters is located one block west of union station in Washington D.C Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces. **SHINKANSEN** Literally means new truck line, known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. It was built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo. **MASS RAPID TRANSIT** **MRT-** is a heavy rail rapid transit system that constitutes the bulk of the railway network in Singapore Opened on 7 november 1987 **MANILA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM** Urban rail transit system that primarily serves metro manila. **Manila metro rail transit system** -- as metro commuter line of the Philippines national railways, the system makes up metro manila rails infrastructure. **UNDER THE SEA RAILWAYS** **CHANNEL TUNNEL OR EURO TUNNEL** Railways that connect Folkstone with coquilles beneath the English Channel at the strait of dover. It opened in May 1994