(TRANS) GERON PRELIMS.pdf

BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM CATEGORY OF OLD AGE INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING...

BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM CATEGORY OF OLD AGE INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING Young Old 65-74 years old Middle Old 75-84 years old A DEFINITION OF TERMS Old Old 85 years old and older GERONTOLOGY Scientific study of old age, the process of Centenarian 100 years old (662 aging, and the problems of old people. Filipinos - DSWD) Importance: Understanding aging helps improve quality of life for the elderly GERIATRIC Additional Information Anything related to old age or the By mid 21st century, old people will be medical care and treatment of older outnumbered young for the first time adults in history AGEISM A form of discrimination and stereotyping based on a person’s age. B OVERVIEW OF AGING It involves prejudices and biases that can affect individuals of all ages but is most associated with older adults B1 Ancient Perspectives on Aging GERONTIC NURSING The art and practice of nurturing, caring and comforting of older person. Early views: Developed by Gunter and Estes in 1979 ○ Aging seen as a natural, inevitable GERIATRICS process. From the Greek word “geras”, meaning Philosophers: “old age” ○ Socrates and Plato discussed Branch of medicine that deals with the aging diseases and problems of old age. ○ Plato viewed it as a time of spiritual and intellectual Additional Information fulfillment. Aging is a normal process of time related change, begins with birth and continuous throughout life B2 Ancient Civilizations Purpose of Gerontology Allowing you to practice a range of skills to improve the health of older In ancient civilizations such as adults Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, older individuals were often respected and valued for their wisdom and experience. Many ancient cultures had myths and stories that depicted older figures as wise mentors or advisers. PAGE 1 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM B3 Middle Ages and Renaissance B6 19th Century: Birth of Modern Gerontology Middle ages: ○ Aging often associated with Birth of Modern Gerontology wisdom and respect. Early Pioneers: Renaissance: ○ Élie Metchnikoff coined the term ○ Renewed interest in science and “gerontology” in 1903. the human body; more Focus: systematic observations of aging. ○ Shift towards studying aging During the Middle Ages and the scientifically and improving Renaissance, religious beliefs influenced health care for the elderly. attitudes towards aging. Older individuals were seen as closer to God B7 19th Century and Industrialization and were often given positions of authority within religious institutions. Portraits and artworks from this period The rise of industrialization and often depicted older individuals as urbanization led to changes in family symbols of wisdom and dignity. structures. Older adults were often separated from their families as younger generations moved to urban areas for B4 17th and 18th Century Developments work. Improved living conditions and medical Scientific Revolution: advancements during this time led to an ○ Introduction of scientific methods increase in life expectancy. to study aging. Notable Figures: B8 20th Century: Establishment of ○ Francis Bacon and his writings on Gerontology as a Field longevity and health. Francis Bacon is most famous for his philosophy of science Organizations: ○ Establishment of the Gerontological Society of America B5 18th Century Enlightenment (1945). Key studies: The Enlightenment era brought about a ○ Baltimore Longitudinal Study of shift towards valuing reason and Aging (1958) – one of the longest rationality. Philosophers like Immanuel running studies on human aging. Kant emphasized the importance of personal growth and self-improvement B9 Late 20th Century and Ageism throughout life. Aging was sometimes viewed as a decline in physical abilities, but older In the latter half of the 20th century, the adults were still valued for their concept of ageism gained recognition. intellectual contributions. Ageism refers to the discrimination or prejudice against individuals based on their age. Activists and researchers began to address ageism's negative impact on PAGE 2 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM older adults and advocated for more D SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE inclusive attitudes and policies. FIELD OF AGING & GERONTOLOGY THROUGHOUT HISTORY B10 Early 20th Century Robert Butler (1927-2010) The early 20th century saw the ○ Coining the term "gerontology" emergence of gerontology as a formal and for emphasizing the field of study, encompassing various importance of interdisciplinary disciplines such as biology, psychology, collaboration in understanding and sociology. aging. Researchers began to study the Ignatz Nascher biological, psychological, and social ○ "Father of geriatrics" for his aspects of aging in more systematic pioneering work in developing ways. the field of geriatrics Alex Comfort (1920-2000) ○ An English physician and author, B11 21st Century and Global Aging is best known for his groundbreaking book "The Joy of Advances in healthcare and technology Sex." have contributed to increased life ○ However, he also contributed to expectancy and changed the the study of aging and sexuality demographics of many societies, Elaine Cumming (1920-1987) and resulting in aging populations. William Henry "W.H." Cumming The 21st century has brought attention to (1922-2010) the challenges and opportunities posed ○ This husband-and-wife team of by global aging, including issues related sociologists conducted influential to healthcare, retirement, and research on aging and the social intergenerational relationships. aspects of aging. Bernice Neugarten (1916-2001) ○ An American psychologist and C DEMOGRAPHICS AND AGING gerontologist, known for her research on the psychological In (Philippines)2000, there were 4.6 aspects of aging and developed million senior citizens (60 years or older), "continuity theory". representing about 6% of the total Aubrey de Grey (Born 1963) population. ○ A British biologist and advocate In two decades, this has grown to 9.4 for rejuvenation biotechnology. million older people or about 8.6% of the total population. Laura L. Carstensen (Born 1959) The World Population Prospects 2019 ○ Known for her socioemotional projects that by 2050, older people will selectivity theory. make up around 2 billion of the total ○ This theory posits that as people population. age, they become more focused The global population is aging due to on seeking emotional satisfaction increased life expectancy and declining and maintaining meaningful birth rates. relationships, rather than pursuing future-oriented goals PAGE 3 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM ○ Founder of the Institution for the E FOUNDER OF GERONTOLOGY Care of Sick Gentle women in Distressed Circumstances Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Agnes Jones ○ A 19th-century biologist at the ○ A wealthy Nightingale trained age of 58, founded the science of nurse in 1864 was sent to gerontology and created the Liverpool Infirmary terminology. Lavinia Dock (1858-1956) and other early leaders in nursing Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1915) ○ Addressed in the American ○ A nobel laureate that introduced Journal of Nursing (AJN), the the word gerontology in 1903 needs of the elderly chronically ill ○ He proposed the concept of in almshouses. "germ theory of aging," ○ She was appointed to Johns suggesting that aging could be Hopkins School of Nursing as the attributed to the toxic effects of assistant superintendent bacteria in the gut. ○ During 1929, she contributed to ○ He is often referred to as the the 19th American Amendment, "father of natural immunity” the rights of women to vote James Birren (1918–2016) during her time ○ A psychologist and pioneer in the Dame Doreen Norton (1913–2007) field of aging, made significant ○ A British nurse and healthcare contributions to the study of pioneer who devoted much of her cognitive aging, memory, and career to improving the care and aging-related changes in sensory well-being of the elderly. perception. ○ Best known for developing the Matilda White Riley (1911– 2004) "Norton Scale" (also known as the ○ She made significant "Norton Pressure Area Risk contributions to the study of Assessment Scale"), which is a aging as a dynamic and widely used tool for assessing the multidimensional process. risk of pressure ulcers (bedsores) Erik Erikson (1902–1994) in patients. ○ While primarily known for his work in developmental G MOTHER OF GERIATRIC NURSING psychology, Erikson's "psychosocial stages of development" theory”. Marjory Warren (1897 - 1960) ○ ○ The Mother of British Geriatric Clarence Northeott (1881-1968) Medicine ○ An American physician, played a ○ She was a surgeon to start with, role in the early development of and yet she created geriatrics out geriatric medicine of medicine. She advocated practicing geriatrics as a specialist, and yet she F PIONEERS OF GERONTOLOGY emphasized the importance of generalist training. Florence Nightingale ○ The first true geriatric nurse PAGE 4 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM emphasizing the need for H MOTHER OF GERONTOLOGICAL specialized nursing care. NURSING I3 Late 20th Century Dr. Doris Schwartz ○ A nurse, educator, and researcher, 1970s played a pivotal role in shaping ○ The ANA formed the Council on the way nursing care is provided Gerontological Nursing, which to older adults and advancing the later became the Gerontological understanding of their unique Nursing Division. healthcare needs. ○ This period also saw the introduction of gerontological nursing certification programs. I PROFESSIONALIZATION OF 1980s-1990s GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING ○ The NGNA( National Gerontological Nursing Association) was founded in 1984 I1 Early 20th Century to provide a professional organization specifically for 1900s-1940s gerontological nurses. ○ Nursing care for the elderly was primarily provided in homes and I4 21st Century charitable institutions. ○ There was little formal training 2000s specific to the care of older adults ○ The field continued to expand 1940s with advancements in research, ○ The post-World War II era saw an education, and clinical practice. increase in life expectancy and a ○ The Hartford Institute for Geriatric growing elderly population, which Nursing was established to began to highlight the need for improve the care of older adults specialized care. by enhancing nursing practice. 2010s ○ The Institute of Medicine (now the I2 Mid-20th Century National Academy of Medicine) 1950s-1960s released reports emphasizing the ○ Gerontological nursing started importance of preparing the gaining recognition as a distinct nursing workforce to meet the field. needs of an aging population. ○ The American Nurses Association 2020s (ANA) began to focus on the ○ The ongoing aging of the global needs of elderly patients, and the population has kept the focus on first specialized training programs enhancing the professionalization for geriatric nursing were of gerontological nursing. developed. ○ The COVID-19 pandemic further 1960s highlighted the importance of ○ The establishment of Medicare specialized care for the elderly. and Medicaid in the United States in 1965 increased access to healthcare for older adults, further PAGE 5 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM Republic Act No. 7876 J GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING IN THE ○ Entitled “An Act Establishing a PHILIPPINES Senior Citizens Center in all Cities and Municipalities of the Nursing in the Philippines began in the Philippines, and Appropriating late 19th and early 20th centuries, Funds ” influenced by Spanish and American ○ Provides for the establishment of colonial rule. During this time, nurses Senior Citizens Centers to cater to primarily provided general care, older persons’ socialization and including care for the elderly, but without interaction needs as well as to a specific focus on gerontology. serve as a venue for the conduct Specialized training programs in of other meaningful activities. gerontological nursing were developed Republic Act No. 8425 within nursing schools in the Philippines. ○ Provides for the In the 21st century, there has been a institutionalization and continued emphasis on enhancing enhancement of the social reform gerontological nursing practice in the agenda by creating the National Philippines. Nursing organizations and Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC). academic institutions have increasingly ○ Through its multidimensional and focused on gerontological nursing cross-sectoral approach, NAPC The establishment of elder care facilities provides a mechanism for older and services in various regions of the persons to participate in policy Philippines has also contributed to the formulation and decision-making growth of gerontological nursing on matters concerning poverty alleviation. Republic Act No. 10155 K PHILIPPINES GOVERNMENT POLICIES ○ Known as “The General RELATED TO OLDER PEOPLE Appropriations Act of 2012” ○ Under Section 28 mandates that Philippines agency which primarily all government agencies and responsible for implementing programs instrumentalities should allocate and services for senior citizens: DSWD ( one percent of their total agency Department of Social Welfare and budget to programs and projects Development) for older persons and persons Age requirement for individuals to be with disabilities. considered senior citizens under Republic Act No. 9994 Philippine law- 60 years old ○ Known as “Expanded Seniors Republic Act No. 344 or the Citizen Act of 2010″, an act Accessibility Law of 1982 granting additional benefits and ○ Provides for the minimum privileges to senior citizens, requirements and standards to further amending make buildings, facilities, and Republic Act No. 7432 utilities for public use accessible ○ Known as “an act to maximize the to persons with disability, contribution of senior citizens to including older persons who are nation building, grant benefits confined to wheelchairs and and special privileges and for those who have difficulty in other purposes” and they are walking or climbing stairs, among entitled for 10% discount for all others. utility bills PAGE 6 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM programs and services for older K PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION AND persons in their respective areas. EXECUTIVE ORDERS Mandatory PhilHealth Coverage for Senior Citizens (Republic Act No. 10645) Presidential Proclamation No. 470, ○ This amendment to the Senior Series of 1994 Citizens Act ensures that senior ○ Declaring the first week of citizens are covered by the October of every year as “Elderly Philippine Health Insurance Filipino Week.” Corporation (PhilHealth) to help Presidential Proclamation No. 1048, them access medical services and Series of 1999 health care. ○ Declaring a “Nationwide Republic Act No. 10911 Observance in the Philippines of ○ An Act Prohibiting Discrimination the International Year of Older Against Any Individual in Persons”. Employment on Account of Age Executive Order No. 105, Series of 2003 and Providing Penalties Therefore ○ Approved and directed the (Anti-Age Discrimination in implementation of the program Employment Act). providing for group homes and Republic Act No. 11332 foster homes for neglected, ○ Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable abandoned, abused, detached, Diseases and Health Events of and poor older persons and Public Health Concern Act, which persons with disabilities includes the elderly in its special Republic Act No. 10868 consideration. ○ Centenarians Act of 2016 ○ An act honoring and granting additional benefits and privileges to Filipino centenarians. ○ They are giving 100 thousand cash gifts Republic Act No. 11036 ○ Mental Health Act ○ Includes provisions for mental health services for older persons Republic Act No. 10175 ○ Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 ○ Includes provisions against cybercrimes that affect senior citizens. Republic Act No. 11494 ○ Bayanihan to Recover as One Act (Bayanihan 2) ○ Includes provisions for the protection of senior citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Creation of Senior Citizens' Offices ○ Local government units (LGUs) are mandated to establish Senior Citizens' Affairs Offices (SCAOs) to coordinate and implement PAGE 7 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/SUBFIELD OF GERONTOLOGY NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM SUBFIELD OF GERONTOLOGY B3 Gerontological Education A DEFINITION OF TERMS Teaching and training related to aging and elderly care. GEROSCIENCE Research into the relationship between B4 Lifespan Development biological aging and age-related disease at the molecular level. The study of development from birth to GENETICS old age. Study the role of genes in aging and try to identify which genes are relevant. GERONTOLOGIST B5 Ethical gerontology Works directly with older individuals. They may provide help with day-today Ethical issues of aging. activities, such as meal preparation, Ethical dilemmas in geriatric care, transportation or even just nice end-of-life decisions, autonomy and conversation consent. B SUBFIELD OF GERONTOLOGY B5 Gerontological Nursing B1 Biogerontology A specialized field of nursing focused on the care and treatment of older adults. Gerontological nurses work in various This subfield focuses on the biological settings, including hospitals, long term aspects of aging, including the study of care facilities, community health cellular and molecular changes that organizations, and patients' homes. occur with age, genetic influences on aging, and strategies to promote healthy aging. B6 Social Gerontology B2 Psychogerontology Explores the social dimensions of aging, including topics such as social relationships, social support networks, Examines the psychological and intergenerational dynamics, retirement, cognitive aspects of aging, including and the role of older adults in society. memory, cognitive decline, mental health, personality changes, and psychological wellbeing in later life. B7 Geriatric Medicine B2 Clinical Gerontology A medical specialty that focuses on the health and healthcare of older adults. It covers the diagnosis, treatment, and Focuses on the healthcare of elderly prevention of age-related diseases and patients. conditions. PAGE 1 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/SUBFIELD OF GERONTOLOGY NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM C EARLY INFLUENCES IN B8 Environmental Gerontology GERONTOLOGY (SUBFIELD) This subfield examines the physical and In the medieval Islamic world, several built environment's impact on older physicians wrote on issues related to adults' wellbeing. Gerontology. It considers factors such as housing Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine design, accessibility, and community (1025) planning for an aging population. ○ Offered instruction for the care of the aged, including diet and remedies for problems including B8 Gerontechnology constipation. Ibn Al-Jazzar Al-Qayrawani Explores the integration of technology ○ Arabic physician that wrote on the and aging, including the development of aches and conditions of the assistive technologies, devices, and elderly. applications that enhance the quality of ○ His scholarly work covers sleep life for older adults. disorders, forgetfulness, how to strengthen memory and causes of mortality B9 Dementia Care Ishaq Ibn Hunayn (died 109) ○ Also wrote works on the treatments for forgetfulness Specialized care and study of dementia Michel Eugene Chevreul and Alzheimer's disease ○ Lived to be 102, believed that aging itself should be a science to B10 End-of-Life Care be studied. Study and provision of care at the end of D 17TH AND 19TH CENTURIES life Elie Metchnikoff B11 Occupational Gerontology ○ Posit germ theory of aging Benjamin Franklin (1706– 1790) ○ An American polymath, wrote The impact of aging on work and about the benefits of a healthy retirement lifestyle in old age and proposed various strategies for maintaining health and longevity B12 Rehabilitation Gerontology Gerty Cori (1896–1957) ○ A biochemist, Cori's work on Rehabilitation therapies for older adults. carbohydrate metabolism earned her the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. B13 Public Health Gerontology ○ Her research laid the foundation for understanding metabolic Public health policies and practices changes in aging. related to aging populations. Robert J. Havighurst (1900– 1991) PAGE 2 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/SUBFIELD OF GERONTOLOGY NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM ○ A psychologist, gerontologist and ○ Aging can bring about educator, developed the "activity psychological changes, and theory," which suggests that older studying gerontology helps us adults should stay active and understand how to support engaged to maintain well-being mental health in older adults. and satisfaction in life. Promoting Healthy Aging Dr. Nir Barzilai ○ Gerontology emphasizes ○ A researcher known for his work preventive measures and lifestyle on the genetics of aging and choices that promote healthy longevity, particularly centenarian aging. studies. Long-Term Care and Support Dr. Robert Atchley ○ As people age, they may require ○ A sociologist who has contributed long term care and assistance to the study of retirement and Career Opportunities aging in place. ○ As the aging population grows, Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross there is a rising demand for ○ A psychiatrist known for her work professionals with expertise in on the stages of grief and the gerontology. psychological aspects of death and dying. Aubrey David Nicholas Jasper de Grey ○ An English biomedical gerontologist. He is the author of The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (1999) and coauthor of Ending Aging (2007). E GERONTOLOGY IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY FOR SEVERAL REASONS Aging Population ○ Many countries are experiencing an increase in the proportion of elderly individuals due to longer life expectancies and declining birth rates. Healthcare and Medicine ○ Gerontology research contributes to advancements in healthcare and medical treatments Social and Economic Implications ○ An aging population has significant social and economic implications, including changes in pension systems, retirement policies, and healthcare systems. Psychological Well-being PAGE 3 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/ROLE OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM psychological challenges and promote mental wellbeing within the context of ROLE OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE aging. Address issues such as grief, loneliness, and cognitive changes while fostering a A DEFINITION OF TERMS trusting and empathetic relationship with their elderly patients. GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING Involves the care of aging people. B4 Nurse as Caregiver Emphasizes the promotion of the highest possible quality of life and wellness. Direct Patient Care GERIATRIC NURSING ○ Provides hands-on care, including Focuses on the care of the sick aged. activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, dressing, and feeding. B ROLE OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE Medication Administration ○ Ensures proper administration of medications, monitoring for side B1 Nurse as Healer effects and efficacy Promoting Holistic Health B5 Nurse as Educator ○ Focuses on the overall well-being of older adults, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual Health Education health. ○ Educates patients and families Chronic Disease Management about managing health ○ Helps manage chronic conditions conditions, medication regimen through evidence-based practices Prevention Strategies and patient-centered care. ○ Teaches about disease prevention, vaccination, and regular health screenings. B2 Nurse Manager B6 Nurse as Innovator Staff Supervision ○ Supervises and mentors other nursing staff and healthcare Implementing New Technologies providers. ○ Adopts and integrates new Quality Improvement technologies, such as telehealth, ○ Leads and participates in quality to improve access and quality of improvement initiatives to care for older adults. enhance care standards. Creative Problem Solving ○ Uses innovative approaches to solve complex problems in elder B3 Nurse Counselor care. Providing emotional support, guidance, and therapeutic communication to older adults, helping them navigate PAGE 1 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/ROLE OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM B7 Nurse as Researcher B10 Nurse as Rehabilitator Evidence-Based Practice Post-Surgery Care ○ Applies research findings to ○ Assists older adults in their clinical practice to improve recovery and rehabilitation patient outcomes. following surgeries or medical Conducting Research procedures ○ Engages in or supports research Therapeutic Exercises activities to advance the field of ○ Guides patients through gerontological nursing. therapeutic exercises and activities to regain strength and mobility. B8 Nurse as Advocator C EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AS Patient Rights GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE ○ Ensures that the rights of older adults are respected, including the right to informed consent and 1. Clear and Slow Speech autonomy. ○ Speaking clearly and at a slightly Access to Services slower pace allows older adults to ○ Helps patients access necessary process information better, aiding healthcare services, resources, in comprehension. and support systems. 2. Active Listening Effective Communication: ○ Giving full attention, nodding, and ○ Uses clear, empathetic, and responding appropriately culturally sensitive demonstrate that the nurse is communication to interact with engaged and interested in what older adults and their families. the older adult is saying. Listening Skills 3. Nonverbal Communication ○ Practices active listening to ○ Using facial expressions, gestures, understand the concerns and and maintaining eye contact needs of patients helps convey empathy and understanding. 4. Use of Visual Aids B9 Nurse as Supporter ○ Using written materials, diagrams, or models can assist in explaining Emotional Support medical concepts or treatment ○ Provides emotional support to plans. older adults and their families, 5. Respect for Cultural Backgrounds helping them cope with the ○ Be aware of and respect the challenges of aging. cultural and social backgrounds of Counseling patients. This includes ○ Offers counseling and guidance understanding cultural attitudes on issues like grief, loss, and towards aging, health, and adjusting to changes in health communication styles. status. 6. Avoiding Jargon PAGE 2 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/ROLE OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM ○ Using simple and clear language instead of medical jargon ensures that the older adult comprehends the information 7. Repetition and Reinforcement ○ Repetition of key points and reinforcement of important information enhance understanding and memory. 8. Pausing for Responses ○ Allowing older adults ample time to respond, especially if they require more time to process information or articulate their thoughts 9. Support Systems ○ Recognize the role of support systems in the patient’s well-being and involve them in care decisions 10. Psychosocial Support ○ Address emotional and psychological needs. Offer counseling or support groups if needed. PAGE 3 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/SCOPE AND STANDARD OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM ensuring continuity and preventing complications. SCOPE AND STANDARD OF 8. Psychosocial and Mental Health GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING ○ Gerontological nurses assess and manage mental health conditions in older adults, such as A SCOPE OF GERONTOLOGICAL depression, anxiety, and cognitive NURSING impairments. 9. Collaboration with Interdisciplinary Teams 1. Health Assessment and Monitoring ○ Gerontological nurses collaborate ○ Gerontological nurses assess the with physicians, therapists, social physical, cognitive, and workers, and other healthcare psychosocial health of older professionals to provide adults to identify potential health comprehensive care. issues. 2. Pain Management ○ Gerontological nurses provide B STANDARDS OF GERONTOLOGICAL pain management strategies to NURSING address age-related pain, considering the complexity of 1. Cultural Competence pain management in older adults. ○ Gerontological nurses 3. End-of-Life Care demonstrate cultural competence ○ Gerontological nurses facilitate by respecting diverse end-of-life discussions, provide backgrounds and tailoring care to comfort measures, and support each older adult's cultural needs. patients and families through the 2. Policy Involvement and Research dying process. ○ Gerontological nurses engage in 4. Fall Prevention policy development and advocacy ○ Gerontological nurses assess fall to improve healthcare services risks, implement preventive and policies that affect aging measures, and educate older populations. adults and caregivers about fall 3. Patient-Centered Care prevention strategies. ○ Gerontological nurses provide 5. Medication Management care that respects older adults' ○ Gerontological nurses manage preferences, values, and goals, medication regimens for older placing them at the center of adults, considering potential decision-making. interactions and side effects 4. Ethical Practice common in aging. ○ Gerontological nurses uphold 6. Health Promotion and Education ethical principles such as ○ Gerontological nurses educate autonomy, beneficence, and older adults about healthy aging non-maleficence when caring for practices, preventive measures, older adults. and lifestyle modifications. 5. Continuous Learning 7. Transition Care ○ Gerontological nurses engage in ○ Gerontological nurses assist older ongoing professional adults during transitions of care, development to stay current with such as hospital to home, best practices in gerontological care. PAGE 1 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨  BSN3/SCOPE AND STANDARD OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING NCM335 1ST SEM – DR. AUDA RUSSEL – T/F 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM 6. Effective Communication ○ Gerontological nurses communicate effectively with older adults, using clear and respectful language to enhance understanding and build trust. 7. Collaboration and Teamwork ○ Gerontological nurses collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, respecting each team member's expertise to provide holistic care. C STANDARDS OF PRACTICE 1. Assessment ○ Gerontological nurses collect comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and well-being, including physical, psychosocial, and environmental factors. 2. Diagnosis ○ Nurses analyze the assessment data to determine diagnoses and issues specific to the health of older adults. 3. Outcomes Identification ○ Gerontological nurses identify expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or situation, ensuring that goals are realistic and measurable 4. Planning ○ Nurses develop a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain the expected outcomes, considering the specific needs and preferences of older adults. 5. Implementation ○ This includes coordinating care, providing health teaching and health promotion, consulting with other professionals, and delivering the care needed to achieve the plan’s goals. PAGE 2 NOELLE – BSN3 - N1 – forza ferrari 🏎️💨