The Philippines as a Spanish Colony PDF

THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 REDUCCION PLAN GOVERNOR-GENERAL – Proposed by Fr. Juan de Placencia – Head of the Spanish colonial governmen...

THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 REDUCCION PLAN GOVERNOR-GENERAL – Proposed by Fr. Juan de Placencia – Head of the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines – Required the natives to live in the area the church. – They are appointed by the Spanish monarchs – Those who refused were labeled as tulisanes (bandits). – Vice Royal over religious affairs – no innate priests for ecclesiastical administration of parishes. ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION – Commander in chief of the colonial army – Before the 18th century, the Philippines was governed by the Spanish Crowns through the – Ex-officio president of the Audencia Real Consejo de las Indias (Council of the (the Supreme Court) Indies). – Had legislative powers – could legislate laws – King of Spain governed directly in the 19th for the colony called: Actos Acordados. century through the Minesterio de Ultramar (Ministry of the Colonies). JUDICIAL BRANCH – The government was unitary as policies implemented by colonial administration from – The judicial power of the government was Luzon to Mindanao emanated from “Imperial vested on the Audiencia Real. Manila” the seat of the central government. Audiencia Real – also served as a forum for settling – Las Leyes de Indias was the basic law important issues on governance and an auditing implemented but gradually modified by royal agency of the finances of Spanish colonial decrees. administration. Other laws implemented were: Las Leyes de Toro, Siete Partidos and La Novisima Recopilacion – There was no legislative branch in Spanish colonial administration. UNITARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT Executive Legislative Judicial  THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT – Because of the union of church and State in the Philippines – They have the control to schools – Friars are the supervising representative of the Spanish government for all local affairs – Friars become so powerful and influential that even civil authorities feared them 1. ALCADIAS (Provinces) Religious Order – Lead by Alcalde Mayor Dominicans 2. PUEBLOS (Towns/Municipality) Augustinians – Lead by Gobernadorcillo Recoletos Jesuits 3. AYUNTAMIENTO (City) Benedictines – Lead by Cabildo or City Council Franciscans – Regidores who make laws in particular city Economic Institutions Imposed by Spain – Agnacil Mayor chief of police – Escribano has the authority to record or 1. ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM secretary – a parcel of land given 4. BARANGAY (Barrios) – was a royal grant of authority to – Lead by Cabeza De Barangay (principalia) conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people in Spanish colonies. Example: Kapitan Santiago Tales 3 Kinds FRAILOCRACIA ROYAL ENCOMIENDA – Dominance of the friars in the political, – belonging to the King economic, and social affairs of colonial Philippines. ECCLESIASTICAL ENCOMIENDA – Termed by Graciano Lopez Jaena (But more – belonging to the Church popularized by Marcelo H. del Pilar in his pamphlet La Frailocracia Filipina) PRIVATE ENCOMIENDA – belonging to private individuals  THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 CHOLERA EPIDEMIC 5. GALLEON TRADE – a waterbone disease or bacterial disease – Trade between Manila and Acapolco, Mexico spread through contaminated water and food. – Cultural exchange between Philippines and – Encomienda in the present day is called Mexico HACIENDA – the Philippines adopted All Souls' Day from Mexico 2. TAXATION Tribute (Tributo) Economic Development Programs – equivalent to one family consisting of father, JOSE BASCO Y VARGAS wife, and minor children (8 riyales) – first governor-general to give priority – On 1602, 10 riyales towards improving the economy of the colony – On 1851, 12 riyales Cedula DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE – served as an income tax and personal – produce cotton and silk textiles for export to identification for the Indios Europe and Americas – enforced after the abolition of tribute in 1884 – Indigo and cinnamon have large scale production 3. BANDALA – Farmers were also taught scientific methods of farming – compulsory sale of the native product to the government ORGANIZATION OF THE – ready market to the product ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE COUNTRY 4. POLO Y SERVICIO (Force Labor) – Encouraging increased production by giving – to be exempted are those who can pay incentives to outstanding producers Falla (exemption fee) – Male who are 16-60 yrs old needs to work for community are called POLISTAS  THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 TOBACCO MONOPOLY – Created a pyramid structure – prevent economic sabotage PENINSULARES THE ROYAL COMPANY OF THE – People born in Europe PHILIPPINES – They occupied the highest social rank and – Opening of Manila to Foreign Trade because held the most powerful positions in of the location of the country it is easy to trade government, church, and military. – Governor General Felix Berenguer de INSULARES Marquina, On July 1, 1788, he arrived in – Spaniards born in the colonies, including the Manila and assumed his post as governor- Philippines. general of the Philippines. Also, made Manila an open port to all foreign commerce. Manila MESTIZO and Cavite were fortified and the Spanish – People of mixed Spanish and indigenous or military force increased. Chinese ancestry. Social Transformations – They often became wealthy merchants, landowners, or part of the local elite. 1. CONVERSION OF THE FILIPINOS TO CATHOLICISM PRINCIPALIA – Example: Jose Rizal’s family 2. BEGINNING OF A FEUDALISTIC SOCIETY – The native Filipino elites, such as local chieftains (datus) 3. LIMPIEZA DE SANGRE MENTALITY – They were influential in their communities and acted as intermediaries between the – Limpieza de sangre is Spanish for purity of Spanish authorities and the broader blood, a concept developed in 15th-century population. Spain, referring to a person without Jewish, Muslim or heretical ancestry. INDIO – Purity of blood became an obsessive concern – The native Filipinos or indigenous people of in Spain when persecuted Jews and Muslims the Philippines. began converting to Christianity in large – It played a significant role in perpetuating numbers. inequality during the colonial period.  THE PHILIPPINES AS A SPANISH COLONY Readings in Philippine History Topic 6 – Quiz #3 4. HISPANIZATION OF FILIPINO Educational Transformations SURNAMES ESCUELA PIA 5. METAMORPHOSIS OF BAHAY – a type of charity school established to KUBO TO BAHAY NA BATO provide education for poor and marginalized children. 6. INDIGENIZATION OF SPANISH AND CHINESE CUISINE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 7. CHANGE IN THE FILIPINO MODE – Was established in 1611, as higher OF DRESSING educational institution (the rector of UST also stand as the ministry of education) 8. INTRODUCTION OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR BOYS Colegio de Santo Tomas 9. CELEBRATION OF RELIGIOUS Colegio de San Juan de Letran FEASTS AND HONORING PATRON Ateneo Municipal SAINTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR Cultural Transformations GIRLS Colegio de Santa Isabel 1. INTRODUCTION OF THE LATIN La Concordia, Santa Rosa and Santa ALPHABET Catalina 2. INTRODUCTION OF THE ART OF PRINTING WEAKNESSES OF THE EDUCATION DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN SYSTEM LENGUA ESPANOLA Y TAGALA Over emphasis on religion – First book published in the Limited and irrelevant curriculum country by the Dominicans in 1593 Obsolete classroom facilities Inadequate instructional materials 3. APPEARANCE OF THEOCRATIC LITERATURE Absence of Academic Freedom Racial prejudice against the Filipinos 4. PERSISTENCE OF FOLK AND COLONIAL ART 5. INTRODUCTION OF HISPANIC MUSIC AND WESTERN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS