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The tribute was equivalent to one family consisting of a father, wife, and minor children amounting to ______ riyales.
The tribute was equivalent to one family consisting of a father, wife, and minor children amounting to ______ riyales.
8
In 1851, the amount of tribute increased to ______ riyales.
In 1851, the amount of tribute increased to ______ riyales.
12
The cedula served as an income tax and personal identification for the ______.
The cedula served as an income tax and personal identification for the ______.
Indios
The bandala was a compulsory sale of native products to the ______.
The bandala was a compulsory sale of native products to the ______.
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The organization of the Economic Society of Friends of the Country aimed to enhance the ______ of agriculture.
The organization of the Economic Society of Friends of the Country aimed to enhance the ______ of agriculture.
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The dominance of the friars in the political, economic, and social affairs of colonial Philippines is termed ______.
The dominance of the friars in the political, economic, and social affairs of colonial Philippines is termed ______.
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ECCLESIASTICAL ENCOMIENDA refers to lands that are ______ to the Church.
ECCLESIASTICAL ENCOMIENDA refers to lands that are ______ to the Church.
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The Galleon Trade was a trade route between Manila and ______.
The Galleon Trade was a trade route between Manila and ______.
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The Cholera Epidemic is a waterborne disease or bacterial disease spread through contaminated water and ______.
The Cholera Epidemic is a waterborne disease or bacterial disease spread through contaminated water and ______.
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In the present day, Encomienda is called ______.
In the present day, Encomienda is called ______.
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The local government in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was strongly influenced by the union of church and ______.
The local government in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was strongly influenced by the union of church and ______.
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The Alcaldías, which were provinces, were led by an ______.
The Alcaldías, which were provinces, were led by an ______.
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The towns or municipalities were referred to as ______, led by a Gobernadorcillo.
The towns or municipalities were referred to as ______, led by a Gobernadorcillo.
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In cities, the local government was led by a Cabildo or City ______.
In cities, the local government was led by a Cabildo or City ______.
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The chief of police in the local government was known as the ______ Mayor.
The chief of police in the local government was known as the ______ Mayor.
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The royal grant of authority to conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people was known as the ______ system.
The royal grant of authority to conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people was known as the ______ system.
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The local representatives of the church, known as ______, held significant power and influence in local affairs.
The local representatives of the church, known as ______, held significant power and influence in local affairs.
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The small administrative units that made up the smallest locality were called ______.
The small administrative units that made up the smallest locality were called ______.
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The first book published in the country was the ______ in 1593.
The first book published in the country was the ______ in 1593.
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The introduction of the ______ was a significant cultural transformation during the colonial period.
The introduction of the ______ was a significant cultural transformation during the colonial period.
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One major weakness of the education system was the over emphasis on ______.
One major weakness of the education system was the over emphasis on ______.
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The introduction of Hispanic music and ______ instruments impacted local culture.
The introduction of Hispanic music and ______ instruments impacted local culture.
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The persistence of ______ and colonial art represented the cultural heritage during the colonial era.
The persistence of ______ and colonial art represented the cultural heritage during the colonial era.
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Male who are 16-60 yrs old needs to work for community are called ______
Male who are 16-60 yrs old needs to work for community are called ______
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People born in Europe are known as ______
People born in Europe are known as ______
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Spaniards born in the colonies, including the Philippines, are referred to as ______
Spaniards born in the colonies, including the Philippines, are referred to as ______
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People of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese ancestry are known as ______
People of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese ancestry are known as ______
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The ______ monopoly was created to prevent economic sabotage and manage the tobacco industry.
The ______ monopoly was created to prevent economic sabotage and manage the tobacco industry.
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Governor General Felix Berenguer de ______ assumed his post in 1788.
Governor General Felix Berenguer de ______ assumed his post in 1788.
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The conversion of Filipinos to ______ was one of the major transformations during the Spanish colonial period.
The conversion of Filipinos to ______ was one of the major transformations during the Spanish colonial period.
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The native Filipino elites, such as local chieftains, were known as ______
The native Filipino elites, such as local chieftains, were known as ______
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Limpieza de sangre refers to purity of ______.
Limpieza de sangre refers to purity of ______.
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The native Filipinos began converting to Christianity in large ______.
The native Filipinos began converting to Christianity in large ______.
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Escuela Pía was established to provide education for poor and ______ children.
Escuela Pía was established to provide education for poor and ______ children.
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The University of Santo Tomas was established in ______.
The University of Santo Tomas was established in ______.
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Bahay Kubo transformed into ______ during colonial times.
Bahay Kubo transformed into ______ during colonial times.
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The Hispanization of Filipino ______ represented a significant cultural shift.
The Hispanization of Filipino ______ represented a significant cultural shift.
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The introduction of the Spanish language played a crucial role in education during the ______ period.
The introduction of the Spanish language played a crucial role in education during the ______ period.
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Secondary schools for boys such as Colegio de ______ were established during the colonial era.
Secondary schools for boys such as Colegio de ______ were established during the colonial era.
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Study Notes
The Philippines as a Spanish Colony
- The Philippines was governed by the Spanish crown through the Consejo de las Indias (Council of the Indies) before the 18th century.
- The King of Spain governed directly through the Ministerio de Ultramar (Ministry of the Colonies) in the 19th century.
- Government policies were implemented uniformly, from Luzon to Mindanao, from "Imperial Manila."
- Las Leyes de Indias served as the basic law, though it was modified by royal decrees.
- Other significant laws included Las Leyes de Toro, Siete Partidos, and La Novisima Recopilación.
- The form of government was unitary.
Governor-General
- The Governor-General was the head of the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines.
- They were appointed by the Spanish monarchs.
- They had authority over religious matters (as Vice-Royal) but no involvement with the ecclesiastical administration of parishes.
- The Governor-General was the commander-in-chief of the colonial army.
- The Governor-General was also the ex-officio president of the Audiencia Real (Supreme Court).
- They had legislative powers, creating laws called Actos Acordados.
Judicial Branch
- The judicial power resided in the Audiencia Real.
- This body also settled important governance issues and audited the finances of Spanish colonial administration.
- There was no legislative branch separate from the colonial administration.
Local Government
- The Spanish implemented a hierarchical system of local administration.
- Levels included Alcadias (provinces), Pueblos (towns/municipalities), Ayuntamientos (city governments), and Barangays (barrios).
- Leaders like the Alcalde Mayor and Gobernadorcillo oversaw the respective levels.
- Cabildo (City Councils) and cabezas de barangay (barangay chiefs) were also significant figures.
- Friars had a great deal of control over schools and local affairs.
Economic Institutions
- The encomienda system was a royal grant of land-based authority for conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous peoples.
- This system had royal, ecclesiastical, and private variations.
Taxation
- Tribute (tributo) was a tax equivalent to the father, wife, and minor children's worth, ranging from 8 to 12 riyales.
- The cedula was an income tax and personal identification document for indigenous people.
- It was introduced after the abolishment of the tribute in 1884.
Forced Labor
- Polo y Servicio was compulsory labor for community projects.
- Falla, a payment for exemption from the labor demand, was also required.
Other Transformations
- The introduction of the Latin alphabet and the art of printing profoundly changed Filipino society.
- The Limpieza de Sangre, (purity of blood), concept, emphasized lineage purity.
- The conversion of Filipinos to Catholicism and the rise of a feudal society was integral to the colonial era.
- The gradual emergence of distinct social classes (peninsulares, insulares, mestizos, and indios) was part of these transformations.
- The Philippines' social structure mirrored a hierarchical pyramid.
Educational Transformations
- The Escuela Pia was a type of charity school for the marginalized.
- The University of Santo Tomas, established in 1611, was the premier institution of the period.
- Secondary schools were also established, categorized by gender and affiliation.
- There were weaknesses in the educational system, as education was heavily focused on religion, with limited and irrelevant curriculums and limited resources.
- Colonial prejudices were embedded within the system.
Additional Concepts
- Cholera Epidemic: A waterborne disease spread through contaminated water and food.
- Galleon Trade: Trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.
- Tobacco Monopoly: A system to prevent economic sabotage.
- Royal Company of the Philippines: A company aimed to open Manila to foreign trade.
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Description
Explore the governance of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. This quiz covers the roles of the Governor-General, key laws, and the uniformity of government policies across the archipelago. Test your knowledge about the historical context and legal framework of Spanish rule.
