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Questions and Answers
The tribute was equivalent to one family consisting of a father, wife, and minor children amounting to ______ riyales.
The tribute was equivalent to one family consisting of a father, wife, and minor children amounting to ______ riyales.
8
In 1851, the amount of tribute increased to ______ riyales.
In 1851, the amount of tribute increased to ______ riyales.
12
The cedula served as an income tax and personal identification for the ______.
The cedula served as an income tax and personal identification for the ______.
Indios
The bandala was a compulsory sale of native products to the ______.
The bandala was a compulsory sale of native products to the ______.
The organization of the Economic Society of Friends of the Country aimed to enhance the ______ of agriculture.
The organization of the Economic Society of Friends of the Country aimed to enhance the ______ of agriculture.
The dominance of the friars in the political, economic, and social affairs of colonial Philippines is termed ______.
The dominance of the friars in the political, economic, and social affairs of colonial Philippines is termed ______.
ECCLESIASTICAL ENCOMIENDA refers to lands that are ______ to the Church.
ECCLESIASTICAL ENCOMIENDA refers to lands that are ______ to the Church.
The Galleon Trade was a trade route between Manila and ______.
The Galleon Trade was a trade route between Manila and ______.
The Cholera Epidemic is a waterborne disease or bacterial disease spread through contaminated water and ______.
The Cholera Epidemic is a waterborne disease or bacterial disease spread through contaminated water and ______.
In the present day, Encomienda is called ______.
In the present day, Encomienda is called ______.
The local government in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was strongly influenced by the union of church and ______.
The local government in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was strongly influenced by the union of church and ______.
The AlcaldÃas, which were provinces, were led by an ______.
The AlcaldÃas, which were provinces, were led by an ______.
The towns or municipalities were referred to as ______, led by a Gobernadorcillo.
The towns or municipalities were referred to as ______, led by a Gobernadorcillo.
In cities, the local government was led by a Cabildo or City ______.
In cities, the local government was led by a Cabildo or City ______.
The chief of police in the local government was known as the ______ Mayor.
The chief of police in the local government was known as the ______ Mayor.
The royal grant of authority to conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people was known as the ______ system.
The royal grant of authority to conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people was known as the ______ system.
The local representatives of the church, known as ______, held significant power and influence in local affairs.
The local representatives of the church, known as ______, held significant power and influence in local affairs.
The small administrative units that made up the smallest locality were called ______.
The small administrative units that made up the smallest locality were called ______.
The first book published in the country was the ______ in 1593.
The first book published in the country was the ______ in 1593.
The introduction of the ______ was a significant cultural transformation during the colonial period.
The introduction of the ______ was a significant cultural transformation during the colonial period.
One major weakness of the education system was the over emphasis on ______.
One major weakness of the education system was the over emphasis on ______.
The introduction of Hispanic music and ______ instruments impacted local culture.
The introduction of Hispanic music and ______ instruments impacted local culture.
The persistence of ______ and colonial art represented the cultural heritage during the colonial era.
The persistence of ______ and colonial art represented the cultural heritage during the colonial era.
Male who are 16-60 yrs old needs to work for community are called ______
Male who are 16-60 yrs old needs to work for community are called ______
People born in Europe are known as ______
People born in Europe are known as ______
Spaniards born in the colonies, including the Philippines, are referred to as ______
Spaniards born in the colonies, including the Philippines, are referred to as ______
People of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese ancestry are known as ______
People of mixed Spanish and indigenous or Chinese ancestry are known as ______
The ______ monopoly was created to prevent economic sabotage and manage the tobacco industry.
The ______ monopoly was created to prevent economic sabotage and manage the tobacco industry.
Governor General Felix Berenguer de ______ assumed his post in 1788.
Governor General Felix Berenguer de ______ assumed his post in 1788.
The conversion of Filipinos to ______ was one of the major transformations during the Spanish colonial period.
The conversion of Filipinos to ______ was one of the major transformations during the Spanish colonial period.
The native Filipino elites, such as local chieftains, were known as ______
The native Filipino elites, such as local chieftains, were known as ______
Limpieza de sangre refers to purity of ______.
Limpieza de sangre refers to purity of ______.
The native Filipinos began converting to Christianity in large ______.
The native Filipinos began converting to Christianity in large ______.
Escuela PÃa was established to provide education for poor and ______ children.
Escuela PÃa was established to provide education for poor and ______ children.
The University of Santo Tomas was established in ______.
The University of Santo Tomas was established in ______.
Bahay Kubo transformed into ______ during colonial times.
Bahay Kubo transformed into ______ during colonial times.
The Hispanization of Filipino ______ represented a significant cultural shift.
The Hispanization of Filipino ______ represented a significant cultural shift.
The introduction of the Spanish language played a crucial role in education during the ______ period.
The introduction of the Spanish language played a crucial role in education during the ______ period.
Secondary schools for boys such as Colegio de ______ were established during the colonial era.
Secondary schools for boys such as Colegio de ______ were established during the colonial era.
Flashcards
Frailocracia
Frailocracia
The dominance of the friars in the political, economic, and social affairs of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
Royal Encomienda
Royal Encomienda
Land grants given by the Spanish king to individuals in the Philippines.
Ecclesiastical encomienda
Ecclesiastical encomienda
A land grant given by the Church.
Private Encomienda
Private Encomienda
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Galleon Trade
Galleon Trade
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Alcalde Mayor
Alcalde Mayor
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Gobernadorcillo
Gobernadorcillo
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Cabildo/City Council
Cabildo/City Council
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Regidores
Regidores
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Cabeza de Barangay
Cabeza de Barangay
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Encomienda System
Encomienda System
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Alcaldia
Alcaldia
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Pueblo
Pueblo
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Tribute (Tributo)
Tribute (Tributo)
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Cedula
Cedula
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Bandala
Bandala
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Jose Basco y Vargas
Jose Basco y Vargas
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Development of Agriculture
Development of Agriculture
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Polistas
Polistas
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Falla
Falla
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Tobacco Monopoly
Tobacco Monopoly
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Royal Company of the Philippines
Royal Company of the Philippines
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Peninsulares
Peninsulares
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Insulares
Insulares
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Mestizos
Mestizos
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Principalia
Principalia
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Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre
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Indio
Indio
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What made Limpieza de sangre important in 15th century Spain?
What made Limpieza de sangre important in 15th century Spain?
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Escuela Pia
Escuela Pia
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University of Santo Tomas
University of Santo Tomas
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How did the Spanish colonizers influence education in the Philippines?
How did the Spanish colonizers influence education in the Philippines?
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What were some changes in Filipino fashion during the Spanish colonial period?
What were some changes in Filipino fashion during the Spanish colonial period?
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What was the effect of Hispanization on Filipino surnames?
What was the effect of Hispanization on Filipino surnames?
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Doctrina Christiana
Doctrina Christiana
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Theocratic Literature
Theocratic Literature
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Hispanic Music
Hispanic Music
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Weaknesses of the Educational System
Weaknesses of the Educational System
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Colonial Art
Colonial Art
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Study Notes
The Philippines as a Spanish Colony
- The Philippines was governed by the Spanish crown through the Consejo de las Indias (Council of the Indies) before the 18th century.
- The King of Spain governed directly through the Ministerio de Ultramar (Ministry of the Colonies) in the 19th century.
- Government policies were implemented uniformly, from Luzon to Mindanao, from "Imperial Manila."
- Las Leyes de Indias served as the basic law, though it was modified by royal decrees.
- Other significant laws included Las Leyes de Toro, Siete Partidos, and La Novisima Recopilación.
- The form of government was unitary.
Governor-General
- The Governor-General was the head of the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines.
- They were appointed by the Spanish monarchs.
- They had authority over religious matters (as Vice-Royal) but no involvement with the ecclesiastical administration of parishes.
- The Governor-General was the commander-in-chief of the colonial army.
- The Governor-General was also the ex-officio president of the Audiencia Real (Supreme Court).
- They had legislative powers, creating laws called Actos Acordados.
Judicial Branch
- The judicial power resided in the Audiencia Real.
- This body also settled important governance issues and audited the finances of Spanish colonial administration.
- There was no legislative branch separate from the colonial administration.
Local Government
- The Spanish implemented a hierarchical system of local administration.
- Levels included Alcadias (provinces), Pueblos (towns/municipalities), Ayuntamientos (city governments), and Barangays (barrios).
- Leaders like the Alcalde Mayor and Gobernadorcillo oversaw the respective levels.
- Cabildo (City Councils) and cabezas de barangay (barangay chiefs) were also significant figures.
- Friars had a great deal of control over schools and local affairs.
Economic Institutions
- The encomienda system was a royal grant of land-based authority for conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous peoples.
- This system had royal, ecclesiastical, and private variations.
Taxation
- Tribute (tributo) was a tax equivalent to the father, wife, and minor children's worth, ranging from 8 to 12 riyales.
- The cedula was an income tax and personal identification document for indigenous people.
- It was introduced after the abolishment of the tribute in 1884.
Forced Labor
- Polo y Servicio was compulsory labor for community projects.
- Falla, a payment for exemption from the labor demand, was also required.
Other Transformations
- The introduction of the Latin alphabet and the art of printing profoundly changed Filipino society.
- The Limpieza de Sangre, (purity of blood), concept, emphasized lineage purity.
- The conversion of Filipinos to Catholicism and the rise of a feudal society was integral to the colonial era.
- The gradual emergence of distinct social classes (peninsulares, insulares, mestizos, and indios) was part of these transformations.
- The Philippines' social structure mirrored a hierarchical pyramid.
Educational Transformations
- The Escuela Pia was a type of charity school for the marginalized.
- The University of Santo Tomas, established in 1611, was the premier institution of the period.
- Secondary schools were also established, categorized by gender and affiliation.
- There were weaknesses in the educational system, as education was heavily focused on religion, with limited and irrelevant curriculums and limited resources.
- Colonial prejudices were embedded within the system.
Additional Concepts
- Cholera Epidemic: A waterborne disease spread through contaminated water and food.
- Galleon Trade: Trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.
- Tobacco Monopoly: A system to prevent economic sabotage.
- Royal Company of the Philippines: A company aimed to open Manila to foreign trade.
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Description
Explore the governance of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. This quiz covers the roles of the Governor-General, key laws, and the uniformity of government policies across the archipelago. Test your knowledge about the historical context and legal framework of Spanish rule.
