Topic 5 Early Childhood Development and Learning PDF

Topic 5 Early Childhood Development and Learning Development of Self-Concept Objectives Understand children’s development of self-concept Understand Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy Think of the strategies used to promote children’s self-esteem...

Topic 5 Early Childhood Development and Learning Development of Self-Concept Objectives Understand children’s development of self-concept Understand Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy Think of the strategies used to promote children’s self-esteem and self-efficacy Activity Write down 5 words or phrases to identify yourself: I am …. My identity Components of Identity Career Political views Religious beliefs Relationships Ethnic identity Personality Body image  SELF All the Characteristics of the Person Self-concept: perception about oneself; everything the person believes to be true about him/herself Includes traits, preferences, social roles, values, beliefs, interests, self- categorization Self-understanding develops throughout the lifespan Self-Awareness in Infancy Dot-of-rouge experiment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2I0kwSua44 Recognize selves in mirror at 15-18 months Infant learns their physical self is different from environment: The Baby Human - Shopping Cart Study – YouTube The Developing Sense of Self Infants have a basic sense of self in the first few months of life, as evidenced by their control of objects outside of themselves. Their sense of self becomes more distinct at about 8 months of age, when they respond to separation from primary caregivers with separation distress. By 18 to 20 months of age, many children can look into a mirror and realize that the image they see there is themselves. – By 30 months of age, almost all children recognize their own photograph. By 2 years old, children’s exhibition of embarrassment and shame, their self-assertive behavior, and their use of language also indicate their self-awareness. Self in Early Childhood Confusion of self, mind, and body Concrete descriptions Physical descriptions Behavior/Activities – what they do Overestimation of abilities Self – Middle & Late Childhood Shift to internal traits and abilities Social role descriptions Real and ideal selves More realistic about abilities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZdsCdx04to&t=78s Children internalize others people’s attitudes toward self. Children or adults internalize standards of society. Perspective Taking -- Middle & Late Childhood Opposite of egocentrism – the ability to assume another’s perspective Children who are good at this are popular Development progresses through stages (Selman) Development of Perspective Taking (Selman, 1980)  Self in Adolescence Abstract and idealistic Self-conscious/ preoccupied Contradictions within self -- multiple roles in different contexts realized Fluctuating picture across time/situations Compare real and ideal selves Possible selves: what persons may be, would like to be, and are afraid of becoming Self-integrations as they get older Development of Perspective Taking (Selman, 1980) Self in Adulthood Self-awareness (emotional intelligence) Accept own good and bad qualities Possible selves become more realistic Life review – evaluation of successes & failures; more likely as you get older  Activity 1: Food for Thought Think about yourself and whether you were a ‘good girl/boy’ in your childhood. After that, think of: 1. What are the qualities of a good girl/boy? 2. Are these qualities defined by societal standards? Self-Concept (Bandura, Erikson,Rogers) This is the idea we have of ourselves as individuals Consists of: 1. SELF-WORTH 2. IDEAL SELF 3. SELF-EFFICACY 1. Self-Worth Meaning Purpose Living up to your identity & your destiny Development of Self-Worth 2. Ideal Self The ideal self is the kind of person you would like to be Think about the 3 designations: - Intellectual Self- deals with your intelligence and your ability to make good decisions - Emotional Self- deals with your emotions and how you deal with them and also your self-esteem - Bodily Self- has to do with your body and how good you take care of it Activity 2: Ideal self – Role Models Who are your role If you would like to be models and more like these people, heroes/heroines? what more than their What qualities do you success (money, fame, admire in them? etc.) do you want? 3. Self-Efficacy Bandura (1977, 1986, 1997): as people become competent in particular skills and situations they develop a feeling of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment. It is situation specific: we have a sense of self- efficacy in some contexts but not necessarily all. Where does self-efficacy come from? Activity: 1) Explain these 5 sources https://transformingeducation.org/resources/self-efficacy-toolkit/ 2) Any examples?