Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of self-concept in early childhood?
What is a characteristic of self-concept in early childhood?
What is the term for the ability to assume another's perspective?
What is the term for the ability to assume another's perspective?
In middle and late childhood, self-concept shifts towards descriptions of:
In middle and late childhood, self-concept shifts towards descriptions of:
What is a characteristic of self-concept in adolescence?
What is a characteristic of self-concept in adolescence?
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What is the term for the idea we have of ourselves as individuals?
What is the term for the idea we have of ourselves as individuals?
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What is a characteristic of self-concept in adulthood?
What is a characteristic of self-concept in adulthood?
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What is the process of evaluating successes and failures in adulthood?
What is the process of evaluating successes and failures in adulthood?
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Who are the theorists associated with the concept of self-concept?
Who are the theorists associated with the concept of self-concept?
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At what age do children typically recognize themselves in a mirror?
At what age do children typically recognize themselves in a mirror?
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What is self-concept according to the content?
What is self-concept according to the content?
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What is the term for a person's perception of their ability to accomplish a task?
What is the term for a person's perception of their ability to accomplish a task?
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What is the age range when children typically respond to separation from primary caregivers with separation distress?
What is the age range when children typically respond to separation from primary caregivers with separation distress?
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What activity is mentioned in the content to help identify one's self?
What activity is mentioned in the content to help identify one's self?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of identity?
Which of the following is NOT a component of identity?
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At what age do children typically recognize their own photograph?
At what age do children typically recognize their own photograph?
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What is the term for a person's overallevaluation of their worth?
What is the term for a person's overallevaluation of their worth?
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What is the ideal self?
What is the ideal self?
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What are the three designations of the ideal self?
What are the three designations of the ideal self?
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What is self-efficacy according to Bandura?
What is self-efficacy according to Bandura?
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What is the purpose of identifying role models in the ideal self activity?
What is the purpose of identifying role models in the ideal self activity?
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What is the focus of the bodily self?
What is the focus of the bodily self?
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What is the outcome of developing self-efficacy?
What is the outcome of developing self-efficacy?
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Where does self-efficacy come from?
Where does self-efficacy come from?
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What is the characteristic of self-efficacy?
What is the characteristic of self-efficacy?
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Study Notes
Development of Self-Concept
- Self-concept is the perception of oneself, including traits, preferences, social roles, values, beliefs, interests, and self-categorization.
- Self-understanding develops throughout the lifespan.
Self-Awareness in Infancy
- Infants recognize themselves in a mirror at 15-18 months old (dot-of-rouge experiment).
- Infants learn to differentiate their physical self from the environment (The Baby Human - Shopping Cart Study).
The Developing Sense of Self
- Infants have a basic sense of self in the first few months of life.
- By 8 months old, infants' sense of self becomes more distinct, responding to separation from primary caregivers with separation distress.
- By 18-20 months old, many children recognize their own mirror reflection.
- By 30 months old, almost all children recognize their own photograph.
- By 2 years old, children exhibit self-awareness through embarrassment, shame, self-assertive behavior, and language use.
Self in Early Childhood
- Children confuse self, mind, and body.
- They use concrete, physical descriptions of themselves.
- They overestimate their abilities.
Self in Middle and Late Childhood
- Children shift to internal traits and abilities.
- They use social role descriptions and recognize their real and ideal selves.
- They become more realistic about their abilities.
- Children internalize others' attitudes towards themselves and societal standards.
- Perspective taking develops, allowing children to assume another's perspective.
Development of Perspective Taking (Selman, 1980)
- Children progress through stages of perspective taking, becoming more skilled at assuming others' viewpoints.
Self in Adolescence
- Adolescents develop an abstract and idealistic sense of self.
- They are self-conscious and preoccupied with contradictions within themselves.
- They realize their multiple roles in different contexts.
- They compare their real and ideal selves.
- They consider possible selves, including what they may be, would like to be, and are afraid of becoming.
Self in Adulthood
- Self-awareness increases, including emotional intelligence.
- Adults accept their good and bad qualities.
- Possible selves become more realistic.
- Adults engage in life reviews, evaluating their successes and failures.
Self-Concept (Bandura, Erikson, Rogers)
- Self-concept consists of self-worth, ideal self, and self-efficacy.
Self-Worth
- Self-worth encompasses meaning, purpose, and living up to one's identity and destiny.
Ideal Self
- The ideal self is the kind of person one would like to be.
- It includes intellectual, emotional, and bodily aspects.
Self-Efficacy (Bandura)
- Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's ability to exert control over motivation, behavior, and social environment.
- It is situation-specific and develops through competent performance in particular skills and situations.
- Sources of self-efficacy include mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiological states.
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Description
Learn about the development of self-concept in children, Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, and strategies to promote self-esteem and self-efficacy. Explore components of identity such as career, political views, and relationships.
