VPT 61 General Veterinary Pathology Lecture 1 PDF

VPT 61 General Veterinary Pathology Lecture 1  References  1 ZACHARY J. (2017) Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 6 ed. Elsevier Publishing. th  2 THOMSON R. (1978). General Veterinary Pathology. W.B. Saunders Company.  3 KUMAR,...

VPT 61 General Veterinary Pathology Lecture 1  References  1 ZACHARY J. (2017) Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 6 ed. Elsevier Publishing. th  2 THOMSON R. (1978). General Veterinary Pathology. W.B. Saunders Company.  3 KUMAR, COTRAN, ROBBINS. (2014). Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9 ed. Elsevier Publishing. th  4 CHEVILLE N. (2006). Introduction to Veterinary Pathology. 3 ed. Blackwell Publishing. rd  5 JUBB K., KENNEDY P. & PALMER N. (2007) Pathology of Domestic Animals. 5 ed. Academic Press th Inc.  6. AIELLO S.& MOSES M. (2016). Merck Veterinary Manual. 11 ed. Merck Publisher. th  Computation of Grade The final grade will be computed as shown below: A. Computation of Final Grade (Lecture): Final Grade (FG) = (1/2) [ Midterm Grade (MTG)] + (1/2) [Final Term Grade (FTG)] B. Computation of Final Grade (Laboratory): Final Grade (FG) = ½ Lab Assessment 1 + ½ Lab Assessment 2 C. Computation of Final Grade (Lecture and Laboratory If 2 units Lec., 1 unit Lab: 2/3 Lecture + 1/3 Laboratory 2 units Lec., 2 units Lab: 1/2 Lecture + 1/2 Laboratory  Topic 1: Introduction General Veterinary Pathology  Definitions and pathological terminology Infection- the invasion of the tissues of the body by pathogenic organisms resulting in the development of a disease process Infestation- the superficial attack of any parasite/ organisms on the surface of body Pathogenicity - the capability of an organism for producing a disease Prognosis- outcome of the disease  Definitions and pathological terminology  Clinical signs -Indication of the existence of something, any objective evidence of disease, perceptible to veterinarians, clinicians  Symptoms - any subjective evidence of disease of animal characterized by an indication of altered bodily or mental state; not perceivable  Incubation period - the time elapses between the action of a cause and manifestation of disease Pathology provides the basis for understanding: The mechanisms of disease The classification of diseases The diagnosis of diseases The basis of treatment Monitoring the progress of disease Determining prognosis Understanding complications  Intrinsic causes  Those causes, which determine the type of disease present within an individual over which he has no control  These causes are further divided into following subgroups: Genus, Breed, Age, Sex, Color, Idiosyncracy  Intrinsic causes  Genus Specific diseases occur in a particular genus or species of animals e.g. Hog cholera in pigs, Canine distemper in dogs  Breed/Race Diseases do occur in particular breed of animals such as: Dairy cattle are more prone for mastitis. Brain tumors common in Bull dog/ Boxer  Intrinsic causes  Age Diarrhea- young animals Tumor-old animals Parvovirus- young dogs Strangles- young horse Coccidiosis- young chickens  Sex Reproductive disorders are more common in females e.g. Milk fever, mastitis and metritis Nephritis is more in male dogs than female  Intrinsic causes  Color Squamous cell carcinoma in white coat color cattle melanosarcoma in gray and white horses  Idiosyncrasy An unusual reaction of body to some substances such as: drug reaction, small dose of drug may produce reaction; individual variations  Extrinsic causes  etiological factors which are present in the out side environment and may cause/ influence the occurrence of disease  also known as acquired cause  majority of cause of diseases falls under this group which are further classified as Physical, Chemical, Biological and Nutritional causes  Extrinsic causes  etiological factors which are present in the out side environment and may cause/ influence the occurrence of disease  also known as acquired cause  majority of cause of diseases falls under this group which are further classified as Physical, Chemical, Biological and Nutritional causes Physical causes Biological causes Biological causes( FMD virus)  Biological causes ( Fungi; mycotoxicosis)  Biological causes ( Bacteria; Tuberculosis) Biological causes ( Parasites) Biological causes ( Parasites) Biological causes ( Parasites) Biological causes ( Parasites)  Chemical causes  Biological toxin- snake venom  Microbial toxin – Bacteria ( endotoxin and exotoxin) and fungi ( aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fusarium)  Plant toxin – poisonous weeds  Drug toxicity-antibiotics, NSAIDS,  Environmental pollutants-Heavy metals( mercury, lead, cadmium are found in industrial waste) sulphur dioxide( automobiles, industries, generators), pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, weedicides and rodenticides)  Nutritional causes  Vitamin A – squamous metaplasia, blindness , reproductive disorder  Vitamin D- rickets in young; osteomalacia in adult  Vitamin E- white muscle disease; encephalomalacia in chicks  Vitamin K- bleeding disorder  Thiamine – chastek paralysis in cats, minks  Riboflavin- curled toe paralysis in chicks  Niacin- black tongue/ pellagra in dogs  Folate and cyanocobalamin- anemia  Vitamin C- scurvy in guinea pigs Nutritional causes Nutritional causes Nutritional causes Nutritional causes Nutritional causes Congenital causes Congenital causes  Congenital causes  Umbilical Hernia  Syndactylia Riboflavin deficiency ( curled toe paralysis) Rickets( Vitamin D deficiency, calcium and phosphorous imbalance Acknowledgement