Multimedia Systems 1 - Graphic Arts Overview PDF

MULTIMEDIA TOPIC FOR THE WEEK: Graphic Arts Overview SYSTEMS 1 OBJECTIVES: NOTES: At the end of the topic session, the stu...

MULTIMEDIA TOPIC FOR THE WEEK: Graphic Arts Overview SYSTEMS 1 OBJECTIVES: NOTES: At the end of the topic session, the students are expected to: ____________________ Cognitive: ____________________ 1. Define Graphic Arts. 2. Trace the history of Graphic Arts. ____________________ Affective: ____________________ 1. Listen to others with respect. ____________________ 2. Actively participate in class discussions. ____________________ MATERIALS/ EQUIPMENT: ____________________ o Topic Handouts o Classroom Projector/ TV Monitor ____________________ TOPIC PREPARATION: ____________________ o Read about the definition and history of Graphic Arts. o Prepare additional examples on the topic to be presented. ____________________ o It is imperative for the instructor to incorporate various kinds of teaching strategies while discussing the suggested topics. The ____________________ instructor may use the suggested learning activities below to facilitate a thorough and creative discussion of the topic. ____________________ o Prepare the slides to be presented in class. ____________________ TOPIC PRESENTATION: ____________________ The topic discusses the graphic arts overview. ____________________ This will be the suggested flow of discussion for the course topic: ____________________ 1. Start the class by asking the students what they know about Graphic Arts. 2. Define the term Graphic Arts. ____________________ 3. Differentiate printmaking from drawing. 4. Discuss the history of Graphic Arts. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 1 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 This section of discussion tackles the definition of Graphic Art, printmaking and drawing. NOTES: Definition of Graphic Arts Graphic Art is the art of printmaking and drawing. This is a process of ____________________ creating a design on a medium in order to transfer images to a prescribed material. ____________________ What is the difference of printmaking from drawing? Printmaking is the ____________________ process of creating artworks by printing on a material, usually on paper while drawing is the process of creating a unique original piece of ____________________ artwork. ____________________ After understanding the definition of terms related to Graphic Art, this section traces the history of Graphic Arts. ____________________ History of Graphic Arts ____________________ The Babylonians were among the first to keep printed records. They ____________________ pressed picture-like symbols, called CUNEIFORM writing, onto tablets of moist clay and wax. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ The writings shown in Figure 1 refer to the restoration of an Egyptian ____________________ temple between 604 and 561 BC. The Egyptians in about 5000 years ago developed a paper-like material made by splitting the stalk of the papyrus plant into paper thin strips. Only the center portion of the strips ____________________ was used. These thin strips were placed on a wet board. The exposed surface was coated with a thin wheat paste made with muddy water and ____________________ vinegar. Another layer was laid on top of the first but in the opposite direction as shown in Figure 1.2. The two layers were hammered or ____________________ pressed with a smooth stone to mat the fibers together and to make a surface smooth enough for writing. The remaining parts of the papyrus ____________________ plant were used to make other grades of writing material. The lowest grade was used to wrap fruit and vegetables for shipment to market. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 2 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 NOTES: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 2 Sheet of Papyrus Fibers ____________________ A scribe refers to a person whose profession is writing books or documents by hand. The books were made by tying or pasting several ____________________ sheets together. The sheets were then rolled into a scroll. ____________________ History of Papermaking ____________________ Papermaking has been traced to China in 105 AD. Cai Lun (T'sai Lun), a scholar and government official, is conventionally regarded as the ____________________ inventor of paper when he created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibers along with fishnets, old rags and hemp waste. The bark ____________________ of the mulberry tree is pounded into a smooth pulp. The pulp is then spread over a smooth and flat surface. Once it is dried, the surface is ____________________ polished with a stone burnisher to make it easier to write on. ____________________ China has also produced the first printed book in 868 AD. The book contains the text of the Diamond Sutra from the Tang Dynasty as shown in Figure 3. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 3 Frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 3 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 th Paper was brought to Europe during the Crusades in the late 11 century. Until that time, Parchment and Vellum were used as writing NOTES: materials, an example is shown in Figure 1.4. Parchment is made from the sheepskin or calfskin while vellum is the finer version of parchment. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 4 Church Music ____________________ Religious scribes hand lettered each book both religious and classic ____________________ works as shown in Figure 1.5. Since these books took them a long time to produce, it is a common practice to chain them to storage shelves and reading tables as shown in Figure 1.6 to prevent them from being stolen. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Woodcut is an image carved into the surface of a block of wood which was not widely done in Europe until the early 15th century. The image ____________________ titled Block-cutter at work shown in Figure 1.7 is a woodcut done by Jost Amman in 1568. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 7 Block-cutter at Work ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 4 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 Printing in Europe Johannes Gutenberg entered history around 1450 when he introduced NOTES: the movable metal type for printing and this became the early printing in Europe. The movable type has been marked as an improvement on the handwritten manuscript which spread rapidly throughout Europe and ____________________ considered as the key factor in the European Renaissance. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 8 Johannes Gutenberg ____________________ The first known movable type has been invented in China out of ceramic ____________________ while the first metal movable type was invented in Korea. Neither of the two systems was used because of the amount of labor involved in ____________________ manipulating the tablets. ____________________ Gutenberg created his type pieces from an alloy of lead, tin and antimony. This type pieces were more durable and the lettering was ____________________ more uniformed. He then created the Gutenberg Bible that started his fame. From this, it rapidly spread across Europe and later around the ____________________ world that made his movable type the most important invention of the second millennium. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 9 Casting Letters in a Mould ____________________ Since Gutenberg was a goldsmith, he is familiar with techniques of cutting punches for making coins using moulds. He then developed a ____________________ device for casting letters from matrices called hand mould. This invention is the cheapest choice in producing copies of letter punches in ____________________ vast quantities in order to print books. He was also credited for the use of oil-based ink that is more suited for printing on paper. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 5 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 Printing in America The first printing in America happened when Reverend Jose Glover NOTES: bought a printing press from England and brought it to North America in 1638 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ____________________ Glover died on the voyage and his widow helped the Dayes that he contracted to set up the printing press. Stephen Daye supervised the ____________________ development of the printing press that became the Cambridge Press. Stephen Daye was not the printer, instead his son, Matthew Daye done ____________________ the actual printing for the company. Matthew Daye published the first printed book in America The Whole Books of Psalms in 1640. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 10 The First Printed Book in America ____________________ After the invention of Gutenberg, the demand for paper grew and the raw materials became scarce. Fortunately in 1690, a paper maker, ____________________ William Rittenhouse started the first paper mill in America. He learned the methods of fine papermaking in Holland. ____________________ William Penn and Benjamin Franklin supported the development of ____________________ papermaking in America and the industry thrived as the 18th century progressed. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 6 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 One of the developments in the early 18th century is the publication of America's first newspaper. It is the Boston News-Letter shown in Figure 11 published in 1704. It was then forced to stop printing 72 years later. NOTES: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 11 Boston News-Letter ____________________ Another newspaper that started around 1723 is the Pennsylvania Gazette shown in Figure 12 that was made famous by Benjamin ____________________ Franklin. It was first published as The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette by Samuel Keimer. In 1729, ____________________ Benjamin Franklin and Hugh Meredith bought the paper and shortened the newspaper's name to Pennsylvania Gazette. It became the most ____________________ successful newspaper in the colonies. But it had stopped the publication in 1800. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 12 Pennsylvania Gazette ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 7 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 Another famous publication of Benjamin Franklin is the Poor Richard's Almanack shown in Figure 1.13. The Almanack was NOTES: popular in colonial America since it contains people in the colonies using them for the mixture of seasonal weather ____________________ forecasts, practical household hints, puzzles and the like. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Figure 13 Almanack ____________________ There are other publications that are less-known which are contributed by women in America. Most of them are active as managers in printing ____________________ establishments and as skilled printers. ____________________ Ann Franklin was an American colonial newspaper printer. She inherited the business from the brother Benjamin Franklin, James ____________________ Franklin in 1735. She published the Newport, Rhode Island Mercury and printed an Almanac series and Rhode Island paper currency. She is ____________________ the country's first woman newspaper editor to write an almanac and inducted into the University of Rhode Island's Journalism Hall of Fame. ____________________ Anne Catherine Green continued to publish the Maryland Gazette when ____________________ her husband died in 1767 without missing an issue. The Gazette was the province's principal source of news in the period. This paper also ____________________ became a powerful force in the community that causes liberty and the Revolution. ____________________ Margaret Draper has taken charge of the country's oldest newspapers, the Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Newsletter in 1774 when her ____________________ husband died. The publication lasted until 1776 since the battle of Lexington and Concord took place. ____________________ Mary Katherine Goddard is the first female newspaper publisher and ____________________ postmistress. She has been famous for printing the first copy of the Declaration of Independence that included the names of all the signers. ____________________ She had assumed the title of publisher when she published the Maryland Journal and the Baltimore Advertiser in 1775. Then she became the first ____________________ postmistress in Baltimore and in colonial America that she held for 14 years. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 8 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.  MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 1 GENERALIZATION: o Graphic Art is a process of creating an artwork that is printed on a material and creating a unique original piece. NOTES: o Graphic Arts started when the Babylonians started to keep printed records using Cuneiform writing. o Papermaking started in China in 105 AD by Cai Lun when ____________________ he used mulberry and other fibers to create a sheet of paper. o Paper was brought to Europe during the Crusades in the ____________________ late 11th century. o Johannes Gutenberg introduced the movable metal type ____________________ that started the early printing in Europe. o Jose Glover brought the first printing in America when he ____________________ bought a printing press from England. o The first newspaper, Boston News-Letter, was published in ____________________ the early 18th century. o Pennsylvania Gazette started around 1723 that was made ____________________ famous by Benjamin Franklin. o Women in America had been active in contributing ____________________ publications that started around 1735. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ CODE: MS101 Doc. ID: _____ Ver. No.: _____ Page 9 of 9 Notice: This course material is a private copy and strictly not for reproduction in pursuant of RA 8293.