TNCT-Handout-covering-the-topic-in-1st-Periodical-Exam PDF

HANDOUT IN TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING Trend Trend is something that covers almost all of human activities such as but not limited to politics, beliefs, economics, lifestyle, social life and the like whether the individuals or groups of people are aware of it or not. It is defined...

HANDOUT IN TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL THINKING Trend Trend is something that covers almost all of human activities such as but not limited to politics, beliefs, economics, lifestyle, social life and the like whether the individuals or groups of people are aware of it or not. It is defined in various ways depending on the orientation of these individuals or groups. In the fields of arts, fashion and music for example, it is a prevailing style or preference such as realism movement in art, emergence of the miniskirt, and popularity of certain genre of music like jazz, classical and rock. Many of you must have had an experience of listening or watching Video-Karaoke singers during festivities or celebrations. You would notice that song selections are dependent of the singers. Older singers tend to opt for older songs while younger singers opt for newer songs. Why do you think so? Well, it is because their song selection was dependent on the most prevailing genre of songs during their respective era or generation. The trend toward portable music players, is another example which started with the invention of big, heavy, portable “boom boxes” and transformed into personal CD players– continuing to grow and change into the MP3 portable music player phenomenon that we see today. In the sphere of economics, trends may come as a general movement registering statistical changes for a long period such as the increasing cost of living and rate of unemployment. A typical example of this is the long prevailing capitalistic mentality of people all throughout the world which in one way or another dictates their economic movement. Why do you still pursue your studies despite the difficulties brought about by the current pandemic? Well, most of you if not all would say, “Because I have a dream to fulfil. I want a good life, a good and stable job, a career, etc.” In politics, trends refer to a tendency, drift, or bend toward a certain stance, thought, or policy as when democratic Southeast Asian countries favoured authoritarian governments at a certain point in their histories. Well, this will also remind us of our own history when there was a point in our time when people felt that their freedom and liberty were disregarded which brought them to a struggle to regain it – the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution, which eventually became a kindling reminder of how the true spirit of democracy works. Other areas also exhibit prevailing preference such as in sports (wearable devices that monitor training performance), food (rise of oatmeal products, inclusion of moringa or malunggay in food products), medicine (stem cell treatment), cosmetics (whitening supplements), travel (paperless tickets and online check-in), manufacturing (3-D printing),environmental management (home solar electric system). To sum up, a trend is a pattern of behavior demonstrated by a big number of people within a particular period. Here are some examples of trend: gadgets teleserye social networking sites social advocacies drone technology denim jeans business process outsourcing online ticketing cashless transactions Fad Trending ngayon sa YouTube ang… Trending sa Twitter ang… Trending ngayon sa Facebook ang… You might get confused at these headlines from the News and ask, “how can these be considered as trends based on the above discussion?” This part now discusses fads and how it differs from trends. A Fad is something, such as an interest or fashion, that is very popular for a short time (Merriam– Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary). A fad is a product that has little, if any, utility but is characterized by a quick rise in sales and popularity followed by a quick decline in sales and popularity. This quick up and down in sales is because fad products usually do not satisfy a strong consumer need. Nevertheless, fads seldom completely die out with some diehard followers remaining loyal. Now, if we will look back at the first paragraph above, you will now see that those things which are advertised as “trending” in YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook or any popular social media platforms are not actually trends but are merely fads. Here are some classic examples of fad. hula hoop Loomband Friendster “Gangnam yo-yo Candy Crush troll doll Style” song virtual pets App bucket Tamagochi Frisbee iPod challenge pets Pokémon Go kalyeserye mannequin hoverboards Hello Kitty pet rock challenge fidget spinner A fad is an intense but short-lived fashion. It is a widely– shared enthusiasm for something, especially one that is short-lived. It is a temporary fashion, a craze, interest, or activity that people follow enthusiastically, but lasts for a short period of time. How does a trend differ from a fad? To simply put it, a fad has a definite beginning and a definite end while a trend though has a certain beginning at a certain point in time or history but, it evolves and changes as it continues to grow. Every generation has its own set of fads. Do you now realize what those are? Can you now recall some stories of what fads came and went during your time? It will surely yield a very interesting list. The table below summarizes the distinction between a fad and a trend according to Arzadon et.al. (2018). SPOTTING A TREND Someone or something starts or causes a trend. A person who starts a trend is called trendsetter. The individual’s act or the event has attracted attention, earned acceptance, and created strong interest and influence on people whose number keeps increasing as days go by. The act or event is something different from what is currently going on and it becomes “the next big thing”. It demonstrates an accelerated spread among various sectors and areas and creates a deep and wide scope of influence on people, sectors, and the environment. It leads to change. (Urgel, 2017) Let us put it this way, in 1986, the Philippines became very popular to the world because of the Edsa People Power Revolution which, as described by historians, a perfect example of a successful peaceful revolution. However, if we will still go a few more decades back, similar peaceful revolution has also become very popular in India by the leadership of Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi which eventually brought India’s independence in 1947. What could have been that trend which developed and evolved overtime? Well, obviously those are freedom and democracy in which we may consider Gandhi as the trendsetter in India, while the 1986 Edsa People Power may be attributed to the assassination of the late Benigno Aquino Jr. According to futurists (a futurist is one who studies and predicts the future, especially based on current trends.) Rehn and Lindkvist (2013), trendspotting refersto the study of trends and the way they develop and affect society. According to them, this should be differentiated from cool- hunting which is a hunt for those things that will become popular before they are popular. Trend analysis is based on trendspotting but it extends this into developing future scenarios and so they say that to follow a trend, one must not only be conscious of what is currently happening but be wise enough to predict the future. (Urgel, 2017) Arzadon et.al. (2018) mentioned that trends and fads are sometimes used interchangeably, and they are both important for organizations and people to keep abreast with the changing environment. However, it is also important to distinguish the difference between trends and fads to deepen our understanding of survival and adaptability. As members of society, we should know how fads and trends to create changes in our society. Certain fads and trends are created by dominant cultures catering to their own interests. As students, you should be able to analyze how to respond to the issues and challenges brought about by these changes. Identifying Parts of a Whole Trends as they grow and evolve tend to influence or give birth to other trends and become interconnected and interrelated. It was mentioned in the previous modules that trends are formed from the combination of things. Thus, a trend has constituent parts of portions that are interrelated. Their influence, as well as how the people adopt them, makes the trend viable, especially the megatrends and gigatrends. Take as example the Japanese animation (animé) trend that is associated with several generations spanning decades. In retrospect, Urgel (2017) illustrated the popularity of anime which was brought about by a number of developments such as the ones shown below.  Visual culture is another example that we experience today. It was developed from various trends─ digital camera, smartphone, internet, Wi-Fi technology, social media, mobile apps, computer, fashion, art, photography, to name a few. Internet memes, infographics, and sharable videos seemed to be a microtrend only, but they eventually became a mainstay in disseminating information. Even large news organizations and government websites use them. This visual culture trend which can be considered amegatrend, has evolved further with the advent of the internet. The smartphone and Wi-Fi access greatly helped the new form of visual culture which is subscribed to by many social media users, if not all. Remember that microtrends can become macrotrends if they affect more lives and societies. Then, macrotrends can become a megatrend if it can affect a much larger group for a longer period like a decade. Megatrends can become gigatrends if they have everlasting effects and influences. Therefore, it is evident that the wholewhich comprises the large part is made up of small things or parts. This can be visualized below: Identifying Emerging Patterns By simply looking at the previous diagram, you will somehow have an idea on identifying emerging patterns of a trend. Urgel (2017) defined pattern as a design, shape, form or configuration that emerges from repetitious appearance of lines, curves, and behavior. According to him, in the study of trends, repetitive behavior that gives rise to an emerging pattern is the main interest. In order to follow and observe if a pattern emerges out of various events and phenomena, one should have the tools necessary to detect it. According to Rehn and Lindkvist (2013), the tools that a trend spotter should find handy to use are categorized into four activities which are as follows: 1. Documentation means being able to record your observations which you consider related to any trend. The primary tools for documentation, however simple, are notebook and pen. Some opt to use note-taking features or apps on a smartphone or tablet. The camera has also become necessary in providing visuals. Others bring a voice recorder which is best for saving audio. Whatever tool one uses, the important thing in documentation is the ability to physically keep information and data wherever and whenever you may be. 2. Archive or Memory is used to easily retrieve any documentation you have kept. Notes can be scanned or converted to a portable document format (PDF) while digital pictures can be easily saved. Physical archiving can, of course, still be used. There are various digital archiving systems that are available, too. Tagging and crossindexing are helpful in labeling files. 3. Analysis is the stage where examination and combination happen. Looking for patterns on prospective trends can be achieved through these methods: brainstorming, grouping, and crafting combinations. In brainstorming, you decide which from your data is important and which can be discarded. Here, you can confirm emerging patterns like events becoming more frequent and things following a cycle. In grouping, you create headings where observations and data can fall underseveral categories. In crafting combinations, you begin to link one thing to another and think what could happen if these are taken step further, more like imagining or generating new ideas. The above diagram presenting the evolutionary aspect of a trend is an example for this analysis. 4. Presentation is representing your findings for easy understanding as a way of analysis. You can represent your findings through, among others, a mood board and a storyboard. A mood board is a collage of images, text, and object samples. This is used to capture your intuition and stimulate creative discussions about trends. A storyboard presents a narrative of possible scenarios. It functions to connect trends to a timeline and to different contexts, something that can enable you and others to see interesting new things. A slideshow is also another option. Sometimes, new trends are labeled with new names or terms in the hope of popularizing a phenomenon. Again, the sample diagram presented above is an example of this consisting of the linkages of the influences of the root trend to the development of new trends within the link plus the explanatory analysis. Identifying emerging patterns can be used to introduce to individuals, organizations, and communities change, improvement, transformation and new opportunities.  Once patterns are identified, trends are given rational explanations for their emergence or existence and are provided with a better understanding of their cultural origins. Differentiating Relationships between Causes and Consequences A cause refers to an agent that brings about a result or a consequence. A consequence is always traceable to a cause which can be a person, thing, principle, motive, act, or event. There is no cause without a consequence and vice versa. (Urgel, 2017) Let us try to look at some of the popular fashion trends among the teenagers these days ranging from hairstyles, clothing, and music preferences to mention a few. Clearly a number of them, if one will try to observe, were patterned from a dominant and prevailing trend. To date, Korean fashion trends is quite widespread in the country. In fact, you can watch from the news almost every beginning of the year in a certain portion of those news about the fashion trend for the year. In other words, these news in the media somehow sets these so – called fashion trends which will then be the baseline of fashion sales of the business sectors in the market. People then especially the young and those who wanted to “fit in” to these popularized trends would eventually patronize them. For almost a number of years already, Korean culture became popular in the country especially among the young. With this, if we will look around us, it resulted to the establishments of Korean restaurants, Korean mini marts which boosted the small – scale entrepreneurship business. In terms of travel, Korea became one of the popular lists for Filipino tourists. This cause and consequential aspect of a trend does not only cover the example mentioned above, in fact, it covers all types of trends in all categories such as in ideologies, politics, beliefs, lifestyle, social life and many others. One simply need to identify the emerging patterns and look at the causal and consequential relations of these patterns in order to understand these trends. The string of events characterizing a trend can exemplify the causeconsequence relationship where one event may lead to another and so on. A cause brings about one or more consequences which may be either positive or negative. Whatever the results of a cause, the events that are noted in each result will help produce a picture of a trend which is studied to be adopted in many life applications. The relationship between cause and consequence is salient to strategic thinking and analysis. Understanding the Elements and Characteristics of a Trend What makes a trend a trend? In the previous module, you have learned the distinction between a fad and a trend. A trend is a pattern of behavior demonstrated by a big number of people within a particular period and that which continuously grow and evolve overtime while a fad is an intense but short- lived fashion. With this distinction, we can therefore identify the elements which comprise a trend. In this regard, Urgel (2017) enumerated the following elements and characteristics of a trend: Elements of a Trend 1. Number of participants pertains to people who follow a certain trend which is started by an individual or a group of people. The group then grows into a community, and eventually swells into national and international societies. For example, the prevailing fashion of a period, follows what celebrities are wearing or what fashion designers offer. People often copy the trendsetters and so a new fashion trend develops. In the recent century, styles of clothing are usually distinguished by decades. One example of this is denim jeans that became a casual wear by all genders on a regular basis. Jeans are especially perfect for crafting swoon-worthy ensembles mostly due to the fact that they work well with just about anything especially when it comes to different looks (Griswold andMaguire 2020). 2. Pattern of behavior refers to a trend that is formed from repetitive actions of people. For example, the simple act of taking a selfie has now become a cultural trend. It is almost impossible not to see someone taking a selfie in any place - be it in a tourist spot, in a restaurant, in a hotel lobby, beside a movie poster in a cinema, in a concert hall, and at an event, among others. Before smartphones and portable digital cameras, pictures or portraits were taken by another person. The selfie phenomenon enabled people to construct themselves visually and present it to the public by putting it on social media. Others view the taking of selfies with disdain as a symbol of narcissism and superficiality, while others consider it as an act of self-exploration and a gauge for acceptance. 3. Long period of time is one of the crucial elements of a trend which means that a trend has to have a long-time frame, sometime running for decades. A trend may experience some ups and downs in popularity, may fade away, and may recur. A good example of this element of trend is the telephone. It is a communication instrument that revolutionized modern living and created various social impacts. It was soon overtaken by the popularity of mobile phones in the late 1990s that havetext messaging feature. Then newer technologies allowed smartphones to include many applications and internet connectivity. Although telephones are still present in homes and offices, smartphones clearly have gotten ahead in functionality and usage. 4. Cause refers to the starting point of a trend which can be an idea, a technology, an event or a person. All trends have beginnings and someone or somebody definitely started it. The question here is, how did it start? Now, this becomes quite obvious as all material elements of a culture started with one’s ideas, therefore, it is also conclusive that one starting point of a trend was an idea. Someone or somebody thought about it in the first place. Let us go back to the evolution of telephone mentioned above. If you will try to think about it, it was Alexander Graham Bell who first invented and engineered the very first telephone back in 1876 (https://www.britannica.com). What do you think prompted him to such an endeavor? Well, if you guessed that it began with an idea of bridging the gap of a long – distance relations though live voice communication then you must be right. So, besides the snail mails which were already prevalent those times, people had another option – the telephone. Fast forward a bit, back in the late 1990’s, these messages through mails or letters evolved and entered the digital world through beepers while telephones also evolved into cellular mobile phones. At present, all those separate features plus some more were combined into the devices we presently called “smartphones.” Believe it or not, all of these were one’s ideas which eventually turned into a reality. 5. Consequence refers to the considerable impact or influence of a trend. Social networking has become an encompassing trend that tends to influence behaviors of online users. With the popularity of smartphones, users began subscribing to various social networking portals which enable them to post activity statuses and photos, and even connect with celebrities. Currently, these social media platforms and their messaging and video conferencing features are finding their relevance today especially for the students and teachers. For example, due to the pandemic, teachers, students and parents use these features for the virtual teaching and learning process. However, this trend can also create a rather negative consequence among its followers. One example is depicted on the illustration below. Quality time among family members to share one another’s presence is being diverted to other less relevant concerns brought about by the social media. They can literally be described as “near yet so far” which means that they may be physically near each other, in fact, sharing food on the same table, yet their attention is far from the family moment. Characteristics of Trends Trends are difficult to study and analyze. Studying them is like predicting the future and determining what changes may possibly last and thus have wide effects on society and the people. Just like predicting an incoming rain or storm, it is quite difficult to measure its impending aftermath. It may yield a good outcome for the farmers especially when they are in great need of water for their crops, but at the same time it can also yield damages to other areas. Rehn and Lindkvist (2013) mentioned a so-called hierarchy of trends, which explains why trends seem to have varying reach, effects, and influences on people. This hierarchy is a representation of the scale of the development of a trend. To better explain this, here is the tabular representation of these characteristics with some examples. Besides the above example, trends can also refer to movements, ideologies, concepts, beliefs, and more. The important thing in studying trends is to observe them closely for subtle and sudden shifts that ultimately affect people, cultures, and societies in general. In the next module, you will be provided with a more in-depth study of the characteristics/ hierarchy of trends. Understanding Strategic Analysis and Intuitive Thinking As already described in the preliminary above, Aristotle described the human person as an “rational animal” which only mean that we humans are the only beings capable of reasoning or thinking. This concept was reiterated by the modern thinker, Rene Descartes, in his famous “cogito ergo sum” or “I think therefore I exist” which he meant that we human beings, whether we liked it or not, whether we choose it or not, whether we doubt it or not, we think. The question “why we think?” may be functionally answered by sciences like psychology, biology and physics but the question “how we think?” brings us to the process and development of our capacity to think. Strategic Analysis and Intuitive Thinking Defined Strategic analysis refers to a system or method that requires deliberate, abstract, and effortful thinking that breaks down a complex problem into parts. Deliberate thinking employs a detailed examination of a problem to come up with a solution. This involves looking at the context of the problem. The amount of time and resources are the primary factors in strategic analysis. The most common strategic analysis model used in decision-making follows five steps as illustrated in the diagram below. (Arzadon, 2018) 1. Identify Involves defining the problem and the factors or conditions involved in the situation 2. Analyze Examining the variables that will change state situations, including the potential challenges and its causes 3. Generate Setting practical, reasonable, and creative criteria and strategies to solve the problem 4. Implement Execution of the plan 5. Assess and reflect on the outcome Draw lessons that will guide future decisions The process above requires you to follow a pattern to creatively address a situation. This involves strategic thinking. Another focus of this lesson is for you to engage in decision-making activities that will allow you to apply decision making methods. Strategic analysis is relevant in addressing your personal issues as a student. It means that you can also analyze your own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to make creative strategies or solutions in facing life challenges. In practice, a personal SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threat/s) will help you understand your personal issues and goals as well as construct effective ways in dealing with both. This is illustrated through the personal SWOT analysis shown on the next page, which presents that of a student who wishes to finish high school with good grades.  Intuitive thinking is “quick and ready insight” (Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary). It is another approach to decision-making. This is the ability to understand something instinctively without the need for conscious reasoning. Sometimes, it is referred to as gut feeling, sixth sense, inner sense, instinct, inner voice, spiritual guide, etc. Intuitive thinking is affected by how one feels and define a thing or event. Particular norms and value systems within a community are considered when making decisions. For example, among some indigenous people, their farmers would not touch certain places in the field like an anthill. When asked why they do avoid such places, they cannot cite any pragmatic reason. It was just intuition. Maybe they will say that nuno sa punso (a mythical dwarf-like creature), lives in those places. Soil scientist said that such is a sound practice because anthills are necessary to maintain the physical, chemical, and biological health of the soil. Intuitive decision-making is far more than using common sense because it involves additional sensors to perceive and get aware of the information from outside. In dealing with everyday life issues and situations, we are called to make immediate decisions based on our ‘gut’ feelings and prior knowledge and experiences. This type of decision-making is evident in various situations: a doctor assessing an emergency case; a teacher determining the reason for a child’s inattentiveness in class; a buyer examining which vegetable to buy; and a firefighter trying to rescue a fire victim. In these cases, one would not hesitate or delay making decisions because these situations need immediate action. The question is now whether rational reasoning or intuitive decision- making is generally better. The question is rather how both approaches can be best combined for best results and to avoid mistakes and prejudices. The Venn Diagram below shows some similarities and differences between strategic analysis and intuitive thinking.  Using Intuitive Thinking in Social Networks Each person is engaged in a variety of networks associated with his or her multiple roles and interests in the community. According to Arzadon et.al. (2017), these networks can be, among others, political, economic, and sociocultural. Your political networks are composed of relations with government officials, student government, and community leaders, among others. The economic networks you belong to cover the manufacturers, agents, and sellers of the goods you consume such as those in stores, groceries, markets, and malls as well as money lenders. Your sociocultural or social networks are those belonging to your dance troupe, choir, reading club, band, arts club, or theater company. Kinship ties, neighborhood associations, friendship clubs, and veterans’ associations also belong to the social network wherein people constantly engage in close communication and interaction through visits, phone calls, text messages, and activities of common interest. Social networks appear as clusters and support groups of people who share similar interests, backgrounds, and real-life connections. They are avenues for meeting new friends, reuniting with old and lost friends, exchanging gifts and favors, and developing cooperation. The community is home to this web of interrelations and interconnections of people and institutions. Community refers to a particular geographic location with people living under the same set of laws and recognizing common leaders. Studies of community linkages deal usually with who was seen interacting with whom. Another concept in the study of social ties is the center of influence. This is the person to whom people gravitate around. This person who can give favors, can command and make things happen. Examples of center of influence are the mayor, judge, barangay captain, school principal, and university president, among others. His or her influence transcends the boundaries of social networks and thus reaches other kinds of networks. A center of influence has many people and institutions attached to him or her, thereby creating a substantial influence in the community. Globalization As cited in the Revisitadestatica (2012), the term globalization refers to the emergence of an international network, belonging to an economic and social system. One of the earliest uses of the term "globalization", as known, was in 1930 - in a publication entitled “Towards New Education” to designate an overview of the human experience in education. Since the invention of the concept, globalization has inspired numerous definitions and has had a history going back in time to the great commercial and imperialist movements throughout Asia and the Indian Ocean since the fifteenth century. Roland Robertson, a professor of sociology at the University of Aberden, was the first person who defined globalization as "the understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole." Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King, sociologists, define globalization as "all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society. It can be linked to the local, the national and the regional. On the one hand, a connection is made between social and economic relationships and networks, organized on a local or national, on the other hand, it connects social and economic relationships and networks formed on wider scale the regional and global interactions. It is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. A process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being on societies around the world. For many developing nations, globalization has led to an improvement in standard of living through improved roads and transportation, improved health care, and improved education due to the global expansion of corporations. However, globalization has had a negative effect on individuals who live in developed nations. Some of the factors that cause globalization are migration and labor. Migration is a movement to another place, often of a large group of people. Labor is defined as work, especially hard physical work. People are more willing to move between different countries today in search for work. Remittances now play a large role in transfers from developed countries to developing countries. 5 Types of Globalization Economic Globalization is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross boarder movement of goods, services, technologies and capital. Examples: Trans-national trades are companies that extend beyond the borders of one country example of these are Unilever and McDonalds World Trade Organization is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The WTO has 164 members and 24 observer governments. Foreign Direct Investment is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control. In 2019, China and South Korea followed Singapore as the largest investors in the Philippines. Social Globalization is a social transformation or process leading to the achievement of people-centered development. Human-centered evelopment concept is offered as an alternative strategy to bring about a more equity development outcome. Examples: UN General Assembly Partnership of International Development Programs Social Integration, Gender Equity and access to Social Services HIV/AIDS Awareness Political Globalization refers to an increasing trend toward multilateralism in an emerging transnational state apparatus and the emergence of national and international non-governmental organizations that act as watchdogs over governments. The government has four distinct roles in addressing sustainability concerns. These roles are as follows: 1. Policy development 2. Regulation 3. Facilitation 4. Internal sustainability management Financial Globalization is a collective concept that refers to increasing global linkages created through cross-border financial flows. Financial integration refers to an individual country's linkages to international capital markets. Technological Globalization is accelerated in large part by technological transmission, the spread of technology across borders. Although the Philippines is not the world's least technologically advanced country, it is far from leading. It ranks 83rd out of 138 countries in terms of technological readiness, according to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Ecological Globalization occurs when ecosystems are constantly exchanging materials through the movement of air in the atmosphere, the flow of water in rivers and the migration of animals across the landscape. The world is also becoming highly interconnected through the movement of people and the transport of goods locally to globally (EurekAlert.com). Geographical Globalization is defined as the set of processes (economic, social, cultural, technological, and institutional that contributes to the relationship between societies and individuals around the world. It is a progressive process by which exchanges and flows between different parts of the world are intensified. Interconnections of People and Nations Globalization leads to interconnectedness of people and nations, where people refer to a group of people with commonality, such as religion, culture and language who lives in a specific area, while nation refers to a larger group of people organized in a specific place, which embodied an independent government of its country where they can decide on their own. Try to imagine how can we connect to our loved ones especially in this time of pandemic without technologies? Cell phones connect people all over the world like never before. There are a multitude of platforms through which people can communicate too, including Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Snapchat. Considering the new normal education, how can we enroll in our online educational programs in school from anywhere in the Philippines without the different platforms and access new information on virtual topics? Collaboration means to work together with others to achieve a common goal. Unconditionally sharing everything and helping each other while mutually working together in cohesive “collective” in unusual roles embracing talents of each person to synergize or invent something new in a way that: a. benefits all the groups, b. serves the whole team’s goal, and c. may result to creative innovation. Cooperation is the process of working together to the same end. It is an active help from a person, organization etc. such as an orderly sharing of space and resources. Cooperation means conditionally sharing information and resources while functioning together within an independent “connective” in typical roles with workloads accepted as unequal to change something in a way that: a. benefits some individuals in a group, b. meets their personal needs, and c. may result in disrupted innovation.