Integrated Science 2 - TLG 1.2 Levels of Biological Organization PDF

LEARNING GUIDE - Teacher’s Copy Subject Code IS2 Integrated Science 2 Module Code 1.0 What is Life? Lesson Code 1.2 Levels of Biological Organization Time Limit 30 minutes Components Tasks...

LEARNING GUIDE - Teacher’s Copy Subject Code IS2 Integrated Science 2 Module Code 1.0 What is Life? Lesson Code 1.2 Levels of Biological Organization Time Limit 30 minutes Components Tasks TA​a ATA​b Target After completing this module, you are expected to: 1 min C1.A.b.1 Differentiate the levels of biological organization by providing examples of each C1.A.b.2 Cite emergent properties and structure-function correlation at each level of organization Hook In the previous lesson, you learned the eight 2 min characteristics of life used to distinguish living organisms from nonliving things. These include: o cellular makeup, o reproduction, o growth and development, o metabolism, o irritability, o adaptation and evolution, o movement, and o homeostasis. Formative Assessment 1: Among these characteristics of life, which of them shows that a living organism is indeed complex, yet organized? Explain your answer. Ignite Living things are highly organized and structured, and follow a hierarchy from small to large scale. The ​atom ​is 10 min the smallest, basic unit of matter. Atoms are held together by one or more chemical bonds to form ​molecules​. Atoms and molecules are lifeless but essential to formation of life. Basically, the first level of biological organization is a cell, making it the basic structural and functional unit of life. Cells are considered the basic structural and functional units of life because it is where metabolic processes occur PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​1​ of ​9  that keep the organism alive. Cells form tissue, and so on (Figure 1). Figure 1. The levels of biological organization Levels of Biological Organization Cell. ​Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life that all living things have. This is the reason why viruses are not considered living. A living organism can consist of a single cell or multiple cells. Cells are made up of smaller structures called ​organelles that sustain and support cellular structure and function. Cells can be classified into ​prokaryotic cell ​or eukaryotic cell ​(Figure 2). P ​ rokaryotes ​(organisms with prokaryotic cells) do not have membrane-bound nuclei, while ​eukaryotes ​(organisms with eukaryotic cells) do have membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. Examples are the human blood cells. Figure 2. A prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell Source: ThoughtCo. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-prokaryotes-and-eukaryot es-129478 PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​2​ of ​9  Tissue. ​In multicellular and larger organisms, similar cells that carry out similar functions combine and form tissues. Examples are smooth and cardiac muscle tissues, vascular tissue in plants (Figures 3 and 4). Figure 3. Types of tissue that are basically made up of cells. Source: MedlinePlus. Retrieved from ​https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/8682.htm Figure 4. The vascular tissue of a plant that contains xylem and phloem. Source: ThoughtCo. Retrieved from ​https://www.thoughtco.com/plant-tissue-systems-373615 Organ. ​Tissues group together to perform a common function, forming organs such as heart, liver, roots, leaves, etc. Organ System. ​Functionally related organs form organ systems such as the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body; it includes organs such as heart and blood vessels (Figure 5). Organism. ​An organism refers to an individual entity. For example, a plant or an animal in a forest is an organism. A bacterium is an organism. and is typically referred to as a microorganism. For larger organisms, they are made up of several body systems/organ systems. PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​3​ of ​9  Figure 5. Circulatory system with member organs: heart and blood vessels (OpenStax, 2020). Population. ​Population is the collective term for all the individuals of the same species living within a specific area (Figure 6). For example, a forest may include pine trees. All of these pine trees in this forest represent a population. Figure 6. A population of penguin Source: Pegasus. Retrieved from ​https://www.pegasusfoundation.org/detriment-industrial- agriculture-animal-population/ PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​4​ of ​9  Community. ​Different populations may inhabit the same specific area. The sum of all the populations in the area is known as community. For example, a forest with Cebu cinnamon trees, flowering plants, birds, insects, and microbial populations. Ecosystem. ​An ecosystem consists of all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic (nonliving) parts such as soil, water, air, sunlight. A forest itself is an ecosystem because it is composed of a community of living organisms that is supported and sustained by water, soil, and other essential abiotic factors (Figure 7). Figure 7. A marine ecosystem with its community of living organisms that depend on marine water and oxygen to live. Source: National Geographic Society. Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/sorting-gulf-ecosyst em/ Biosphere. ​The biosphere is planet Earth, viewed as an ecological system. Biosphere is the highest level of organization, which is a collection of all ecosystems and represents the zones of life on earth. It includes the three components that interact with each other: ​lithosphere (rock), ​hydrosphere ​(water), and ​atmosphere​ (air) where life can exist. Emergent Properties of Levels of Biological Organization Each level of biological organization has ​emergent properties​. Emergent properties arise when individual or simpler components interact and produce new functions. For instance, cells can carry heritable traits that molecules making up the cell cannot. The ability of the cells is an emergent property. Other examples of emergent properties: The epithelial tissues of the body help prevent mechanical injury and fluid loss due to its tightly-packed cells. A single cell cannot perform this PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​5​ of ​9  function. So, this ability of epithelial tissues is an emergent property. When atoms form molecules, new properties emerge which are not found in individual atoms. A single stomach cell cannot digest food but the stomach, which is an organ, can digest food chemically and mechanically. A single ant cannot store loads of food but a whole colony of ants have organized tasks which make a functional and efficient system. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2 Navigate Table Completion. ​Complete the second column of the 10 min table below by identifying the levels of biological organization exemplified in the first column. In the third column, provide another example (not copied from the module) given your answers in column 2. Example Level Example 11. ​answer a neuron 1. ​cell varies 12. ​answer a black shama 2. ​organism varies all ecosystems 13. ​answer 3. ​biosphere on Earth varies all of the Cebu cinnamon trees 4. ​population 14. ​answer in Nug-as Forest varies Reserve, Alcoy, Cebu brain and the 5. ​organ 15. ​answer nerves system varies the black shama, 16. ​answer and the Cebu 6. ​community varies cinnamon the Nug-as 17. ​answer 7. ​ecosystem Forest Reserve varies 18. ​answer a leaf 8. ​organ varies roots, stem, and veins in leaves 9. ​organ 19. ​answer that deliver system varies water to leaf cells each campus of 10. ​community/ 20. ​answer PSHS ecosystem varies PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​6​ of ​9  Knot In summary: 7 min o Living things follow a hierarchy from the simplest to the most complex level. o A hierarchy of organization includes cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. o Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. o Tissue forms when similar cells group together and carry out similar functions. o Organ forms when functionally-related tissues group together. o Functionally-related organs group together to form an organ system. o An organism refers to an individual entity. o Population is a group of organisms of the same species. o Community is a group of populations on a specific area. o Ecosystem is an area where living organisms interact with their nonliving environment. o Biosphere is the collection of all ecosystem, which is the planet Earth. o Each level of biological organization has emergent properties. o Emergent properties arise when components interact and produce new functions. GRADED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Study the picture below and give what is asked of you. Source: Science. Retrieved from https://fl-pda.org/independent/courses/elementary/science/section2/2i2.htm PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​7​ of ​9  1. (1 point) What level of biological organization is depicted in the picture as a whole? ___________________________________ 2. (1 point) Define your answer in item 1. Give one example of each the following levels of organization from the picture above. 3. (1 point) organism: ________________________________ 4. (1 point) population: _______________________________ 5. (1 point) community: _______________________________ 6. (1 point) ecosystem: _______________________________ Provide and explain one emergent property for each of your answers in numbers 3-6. Each item is worth 2 points. Refer to the scoring rubric below. 7. number 3: 8. number 4: 9. number 5: 10. number 6: 2-Point Scoring Rubric Points Description 2 The answer shows complete understanding of the concept. 1 The answer shows limited understanding of the concept. 0 The answer shows no evidence of understanding of the concept. a​ suggested time allocation set the teacher b​ actual time spent by the student PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​8​ of ​9  References: [email protected]. (2017, December 29). ​The Detriment of Industrial Agriculture on the Animal Population​. Pegasus. https://www.pegasusfoundation.org/detriment-industrial-agriculture-animal-population / ADAM. (n.d.). ​Tissue types.​ MedlinePlus. Retrieved July 8, 2020, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/8682.htm Bailey, R. (2020). ​Explore the Inner Life of Plant Tissue Systems.​ ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/plant-tissue-systems-373615 Klappenbach, L. (2020). ​Learn About Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes​. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes-129478 Libretexts. (2019, November 19). ​1.2B: Levels of Organization of Living Things​. Biology LibreTexts. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_ General_Biology_(Boundless)/1%3A_The_Study_of_Life/1.2%3A_Themes_and_Con cepts_of_Biology/1.2B%3A_Levels_of_Organization_of_Living_Things#:%7E:text=T he%20biological%20levels%20of%20organization%20of%20living%20things%20arra nged%20from,communities%2C%20ecosystem%2C%20and%20biosphere National Geographic Society. (2015, August 7). ​Sorting the Gulf Ecosystem.​ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/sorting-gulf-ecosystem/ Rice University. (n.d.). ​Structural Organization of the Human Body - Anatomy and Physiology | OpenStax.​ OpenStax. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-2-structural-organizatio n-of-the-human-body Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: RANULFO F. CALA CARIDAD G. GICARAYA REX S. FORTEZA Special Science Teacher II Special Science Teacher III Special Science Teacher IV Central Visayas Campus Main Campus Central Luzon Campus PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM Integrated Science 2 - Teacher’s Copy Page ​9​ of ​9