TLE Reviewer PDF

**TLE** **Lesson 1: Concept of Entrepreneurship** **Concept** -- idea or invention to help sell **Innovation** -- process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service -new or different ways of doing things **Ownership** -- act, state and right of possessing something **Taipan** -...

**TLE** **Lesson 1: Concept of Entrepreneurship** **Concept** -- idea or invention to help sell **Innovation** -- process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service -new or different ways of doing things **Ownership** -- act, state and right of possessing something **Taipan** -- Powerful businessman and especially formerly a foreigner and operating in Hongkong or China. **Entrepreneurship** -- innovating the use of resources into profitable business. Entrepreneur -- person who sees the needs of others as a business opportunity. **Importance of Entrepreneurship** - Help economic growth - Help the government through taxes collected **Characteristic of an Entrepreneur**: 1. Has a desire for responsibility 2. Confident her ability of succeed 3. Has a high level of energy 4. Prefers moderate risk 5. Desires to immediate feedback 6. Has a future orientation 7. Has organizational skills 8. Gives value in her own money 9. Has a high degree of commitment 10. Flexible **Successful and Famous Entrepreneur in the Philippines** 1. Tony Tan Caktiong -Jollibee Foods Corporation 2. Henry Sy Jr -- SM Malls 3. Lucio Tan -- Philippine Airlines (PAL) 4. Socorro C. Ramos -- National Book Store, Incorporated 5. Jaime Augusto Zobel De Ayala II -- Ayala Corporation 6. Alfredo Yao -- Zest-O Corporation 7. Mariano Que -- Mercury Drugstore 8. Cecilio K Pedro -- Lamoiyan Corporation 9. Corazon Ong -- CDO Foodsphere, Incorporated 10. Lolita O. Hizon -- Pampanga's Best 11. David M. Consunji -- DMCI Holdings, Incorporated 12. Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr -- San Miguel Corporation 13. John Gokongwei Jr -- John Gokongwei Summit Holdings 14. Manny Villar -- Starmalls/ Vista Land & Lifescapes **Types of Business Enterprises** 1. **According to Size** a. Microenterprise -- has 10 people - Providing goods and services in the community b. Cottage Enterprise -- home-based business with 6-9 employees. Has ₱ 50,000 asset c. Small -Scale -- has few employees - Does not generate a high volume of sales d. Medium-Scale -- has 100 employees or more - Has ₱5,000,000 asset - Examples: groceries and factories e. Large-Scale- has 200 employees or more. - Has ₱ 50,000,000 or higher capital 2. **According to Ownership** f. Single or Sole Proprietorship -- owned by 1 individual g. Partnership -- owned by 2 or more individuals h. Corporation -- has 5 or more owners (Known as shareholders) i. Cooperative -- member-owned business type with at least 5 members with equal voting - All members are expected to help run the cooperative **Lesson 2: Safe and responsible use of ICT** **IT -- Information technology** - Application of computer to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. - Useful in business - Art or science of recording, storing, organizing, exchanging **Factors to consider when using a computer** 1. Viruses, adware and spyware 2. Exposure to inappropriate content 3. Harassment and cyber bullying -- posting of mean-spirited messages 4. Identity theft of fraud -- identity can be stolen without his/her prior knowledge. Malware -- Malicious ware - Design to damage or disable computers **Common Types of Malwares** 1. Worm -- spread over the computer networks by exploiting the computer 2. Virus -- capable of copying itself and spreading to other computers. -can steal money and information, harm host computer 3. Trojan Horse -- to trick the users to download and install malware. - It disguises itself as a normal file or program 4. Bug -- usually results of human error 5. Adware -- short form of advertising-supported software 6. Bots -- 7. Ransomware -- hold the computer system captive while demanding a ransom. 8. Rootkit -- designed to remotely access or control a computer - Cannot remove easily because it hides itself 9. Spyware -- spying the user's activity without their knowledge **Malware Symptoms** - The computer or browsers becomes slower - Files are modified or deleted - CPU usage increases - Problem connecting to a network - Freezing or crashing - Running programs turns of or reconfigure themselves - Strange computer behavior - Emails and messages are sent automatically without the knowledge od the user - Strange files, programs or desktop icons appear How to prevent and remove Malware - Install anti-malware and firewall - Always update software and operating system - Be watchful when downloading files, programs, attachment and others **Lesson 3: Gathering and organizing Information Using ICT** E-Commerce -- electronic commerce - Sale and purchase of goods and services online Folder -- virtual location where programs, files and other folders can be located Navigation pane -- easiest place to access libraries Recycling Bin -- stored deleted items in the computer Computer -- electronic device that helps people process data and information. Internet -- network of networks - Useful in gathering information Information and Communication Technology -- ICT - Pertains to different kinds of technology which are used in communication. - Examples: smartphones, computers, internet, radios **Importance of a computer** 1. Making school project 2. Writing personal and business letter 3. Writing and sending e-mails 4. Browsing and surfing 5. Gathering data/ information (research) 6. Playing online and offline games 7. Viewing movies 8. Creating videos 9. Using the spreadsheet 10. Saving information 11. Making communication easier 12. Ordering and tracking resources easier 13. Allowing people to have meetings from different locations **The Importance of ICT** - Job Opportunities -- opens many opportunities to people in all walks of life. - Communication -- phones, webcams, instant messaging make communication cheaper and quicker and more efficient. - Cost Effectiveness -- business processes are computerized increasing the productivity - Globalization -- ICT brings the world closer by means of communication - Files shared quickly and efficiently - E-Commerce -- allows businesses to to eperate 24/7 **The Computer File System** File system -- a way in which files are named in the system. **2 Kinds of File** 1. Soft Copies -- electronic copies of data that can be viewed through computer and can be sent7 as an e-mail. 2. Hard Copies -- printed documents. - Can be photos, documents, banners, cards **Types of Computer Files** 1. Document files -- word processing files a. Word document b. PDF c. Plain text 2. Images Files -- files the contains graphics files. photos 3. Video files -- digital video files. Videos, movies 4. audio files -- digital audio / sound. Music, voice recording 5. program files -- used to install application and system files **How to Create Folder** 1. Click the File Explorer icon from the task bar 2. Then, select Documents 3. From the Documents folder, click New Folder on the toolbar above. New folder will appear 4. Rename the folder and hit enter **How to Create Subfolder** 1. Double click the newly created folder to open it. Once opened, repeat step 3 and 4 on how to create a folder 2. Change the file name of the new created folder **How to copy and paste Files in a Folder and Subfolder** 1. Click the File Explorer 2. Select the desired folder 3. Click New Folder in the toolbar 4. Name the new folder 5. From the folder, select the files that you want to copy. 6. Select Copy in the toolbar or right click the mouse to open the menu key then select and click Copy. 7. Inside the new folder, click Paste from the toolbar or right-click the mouse and select past **How to Delete Files from the folder** 1. Open the folder where the file is located 2. Highlight or select the file. 3. Then click Delete from the folder or right-click the mouse and select Delete 4. Click Yes to confirm the action Web Browser -- used to find/ search information through the internet. - Allows users to play various media content like music, video and animation. - Example: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox Basic features of Web Browser A close-up of a computer page Description automatically generated 1. Menu -- allows user to do various task like copying and pasting 2. Function Icon -- allows user to quickly performs a task 3. Minimize, Maximize, and close buttons -- use to close, make the browser smaller or larger 4. Web Address Area -- allows user to type what she want to browse 5. Search Engine -- large database containing information on millions of web sites. 6. Keyboard Search Area -- allows the user to use keywords that describe the kind of information needed 7. Start menu -- helps user to open / run different programs while browsing 8. Task Bar -- found at the bottom of the bottom of the screen. It has a list of all open programs. Part of a search Engine Home page  1. Search field/search box -- box where user types the needed information 2. Google Search Button -- after typing the keyword, the user clicks this button to begin the search 3. I'm feeling lucky -- if the user wants to go directly to the webpage suggested by Google Parts of the Search Results Page A page of a search engine results page Description automatically generated 1. Search Field -- user types the keyboard she wants to search for 2. Search button -- the user clicks this button after typing the keyword to start the search 3. Top links -- shows the services available for the user 4. Page title -- shows the title of the webpage 5. Text below the title -- shows some text from the webpage