Occupational Health and Safety Standard PDF

LESSON 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARD Occupational Health and Safety Procedure (OHSP) (written): '1. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized. 2 Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization OHS proc...

LESSON 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARD Occupational Health and Safety Procedure (OHSP) (written): '1. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized. 2 Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization OHS procedures and practices. 3\. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and environment. 4\. Take necessary precautions to protect the components of the computer from damage caused by ESD (Electrostatic Discharge). 5\. Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC's. 6\. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully. 7\. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control The Think Safe Steps There are three steps to manage health and safety at work: (1.) Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification), (2.) Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment) and (3.) Make the Changes (Risk Control). You can use these three Think Safe steps to help prevent accidents at work. 1\. Spot the Hazard A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else. Examples of workplace hazards include: « frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock). \* boxes stacked precariously (they could fallon someone). \* noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing). During working hours, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you see, hear or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell someone. 2\. Assess the Risk Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how serious the harm could be. \* Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions: How likely isit that the hazard could harm meorsomeone else? \* How badly could! orsomeone else be harmed? Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety representative) about hazards you can\'t fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause serious harm te anyone. For example, (1) Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment, (2) Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects, and (3) Tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous. If you are not sure of the safest wayto do something during work experience, always ask your supervisor. 3\. Make the Changes It is your employer\'s responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be = \| able to fix simple hazards yourself, as long as you don\'t put yourself or others at risk. For ex ample, you can pick up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate atrip hazard. or Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the health and safety of all workplaces. Physical Hazards One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is cables running across the floor. lf someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a serous legal negligence problem. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those \"wet floor\" signs used by cleaning services. For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer period of time, use \"gaffers tape\". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to the floor. Forlong term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like cable ties, cable wraps, and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along the wall orceiling. Other commen physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and placing electronic equipment in precarious positions or on support that is mot sturdy enough or not Mechanical Hazards When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself \"ls there any way this equipment could hurt me?" You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves, feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your fingertoo. a chunk of flesh because it is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges. 'You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose Chemical Hazards There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic equipment. There are display cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers, and many cleaning solvents. Some of these chemicals can be harmful if accidentally swallowed, get on bare skin, or get in eyes. Before using any chemicals for electronic equipment always read the wamings and instructions on the label. Also be very careful when dealing with inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges. Ink and toner can stain skin, clothing and carpet. Electric Shock Hazard Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3 volts to 25 volts, most ofwhich are harmless. But at the power supply, you will find line voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts. The workplace should have safety guidelines to follow to: Protect people frominjury, Protect equipment from damage, and, Protect the environment from contamination. WARNING Safety Precautions when working: \|. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer. 2\. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident or emergency. 3\. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit. 4\. Always full the cable connector on the handle and nat hold on the cable itself. \|CT-COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING. 5\. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or ina concrete floor. 6\. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting ac able connector. 7\. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it. 6\. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near computers. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies arérecognized. 9\. Personal protective equipment is corectly used in accordance with organization procedures and practice. 10\. Hazardirisks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace, and environment. 11\. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from damaged caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). 12\. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC's. 13\. Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully. 14\. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place. Fire Safety Guidelines: 41\. Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them and which to use for electrical fires and for combustible fires. 2\. Find an escape route incase a fire gets out of control. 3\. Know how to contact emergency services quickly 4\. Keep the workspace clean. Keep most solvents in a separate area. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the build-up of static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity. Examples of ESD Tools: Anti-static wrist strap ---Used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment. (Sr Qe Sa COT Oe WSe TE Sten TSS Anti-static mat --- Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from Proper Use of ESD Tools Proper Use of Antistatic Wrst Strap 1\. Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer. 2\. Wrap the strap around your wrist. 3\. The connection will keep your body at the same voltage (potential) as the computer. 4\. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the wire out ee ee ee of the way while you are working. CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT. Proper Use of Antistatic Mat \# Lay the computer on the mat. \# Connect the computer to the mat with the cable. \# Connect the mat to areliable electrical ground \\. with its cable. ps2com Mons. WIRIMedla. org wiikey Fine:ANT\_Sranc\_maz.png «Now, you and the computer are at ground potential. \* Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer. \* Wrap the strap around your wrist. The connection wil keep your body at the same voltage (potential) as the computer.. Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap to keep the wire out of the way while you are working. Personal Safety While Working with PCs Computer Following the safety guidelines and procedures while working can prevent different hazards and incidents inside the laboratory or working along with the computer. The following are some of precautionary measure to take before working in the computer and in the computer laboratory. \* Hold the expansion card, integrated circuitand RAMinthe edges. \* Prevent to bring with you any liquid form of drinks while working. \* Remove jewelries when working insideany computer-related equipment. \* Make sure the plug and cable are already removed in main socket/source of electricity. \* Wear shoes that is made of rubber to because itis a bad conductor of electricity. It is also preventing the current to pass through in the body. LESSON 2: THE 5S QUALITY TOOL The 55 quality tool is derived from five Japanese terms beginning with the letter \"5\" used to create a workplace suited for visual control and lean production. The pillars of 5S are simple to lear and important to implement: Sein: To separate needed tools, parts, and instructions from unneeded materials and to remove the unneeded ones. Seiton: To neatly arrange and identify parts and tools for ease of use. Seiso: To conduct a cleanup campaign. Seiketsu: To conduct sein, seiton, and seiso daily to maintain a workplace in perfect condition. Shitsuke: To form the habit of always following the first fourS's. Below, the Japanese terms are translated into the Englishlanguage version of the 55\'s. Japanese Translated English Definition Seni organize sort Eliminate whatever is not needed by separating needed tools, parts, and instructions fram unneeded materials. Seiton orderliness: set in order Organize whatever remains by neatly arranging and identifying parts and tools for ease of use. Seiso cleanliness shine Clean the work area by conducting a cleanup campaign. Seiketsu standardize standardize Schedule regular cleaning and maintenance by conducting sem, seiton, and seiso daily. Shitsuke discipline sustain Make 55 a way of life by forming the habit of always following the first four S\'s. LEARN 55 PROGRAM BENEFITS Benefits to be derived from implementing a lean 55 program include: \* Improved safety \* Higher equipment availability \* Lower defect rates \* Reduced costs \* Increased production agility and flexibility \* Improved employee morale \* Better asset utilization \* Enhanced enterprise image to customers, suppliers, employees, and management. LESSON 1: COMPUTER HARDWARE TOOLS Classification of Hardware Tools In performing computer hardware assembly and repairs, it ts very important to have a toolkit that contains all the necessary tools. Computer Hardware tools are categories into four: 1\. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools 2\. Hand tools 3\. Cleaning tools 4\. Diagnostic tools 1\. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools ---tools that prevents the sudden flow of electricity to avoid damage to your computer components and parts. cr re \| ) \* Anti-static strap --- usually wom on your wrist to prt a ee prevent the occurrence of ESD. rE. Anti-static mat --- used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up. Anti-static spray --- can be applied on floors, walls, ceilings, tools, equipment, and workspaces to prevent building up of ESD 2\. Hand Tools --- are used in the performing task like computer assembly and computer repair, these tools are manually operated by hand and are available individually or as part of a computer repair toolkit. Toolkits range widely in size, quality, and price. hijpsofimages. app.goo.ginGnSNENRGTC1CWGSS Flat head screwdriver is a hand tool used for tightening and loosening slotted screws, has a flat wedge shape tip- Philips head screwdriver is a hand tool for tightening and loosening cross head screws. Torx screwdriver- Used for loosening or tightening screws with a star-like depression at the end, a function often seen on a laptop. Hex driver- Sometimes referred to as a nut driver, it is used to tighten nuts just like a screwdriver tightens screws. Needle- nose plier- (Also known as long-nose pliers) charactenzed by long, tapering jaws of equal length. Used for holding small portions. Tweezers are tools used for picking up objects too small to be easily handled with human hands. Wire cutter is used for stnpping and cutting wires. Flashlight Used to light up areas that you cannot see well. Petre erwagens Hin oe GAA AIMT ULI Re Hepa Menages app gue g/PCalNBeltiadeae FT \~ Nps Aimeages app goo Qwubz YSDySESWTKO beta. vires up. qu0 GlsAAGINGX TINUDS Lint-free cloth is a special type of cleaning cloth that wipes off dust and other types of unwanted elements from computer parts without scratching or leaving debris on them. Computer Duster --- softly brushes away dust from computer parts. This is commonly used for cleaning computer keyboard. Compressed air is a product used for cleaning or dusting electronic equipment and other sensitive devices that cannot be cleaned using water. Cable ties are used to organize all kinds of cables, like those used with a computer, an entertainment system, or in a network. Parts organizer is a type of storage box featuring small compartments for sorting components like screws, nails, bolts, washers etc. 4\. Diagnostic Tools --- are tools used for testing computer hardware to check for its functionality. cal eO\> Ett OItp Weeyudoangens.weory camnpo-cmarcwvaressenvicing tT Multimeter- An electronic tool used to measure voltage, amps and resistance across circuits. By attaching two leads to different parts of an electrical system, leamers can use multimeter to detect voltage and resistance levels, or changes in electrical currents. Loopback Adapter is also called a loopback plug, used to test the basic functionality of computer ports. Identifying Unsafe or Faulty Tools Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following: 1\. All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance. 2\. The night tool be used for the job. 3\. Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used. 4\. Tools be operated according to manufacturer\'s instructions. 5\. The nght protective equipment for the tool and activity be used. LESSON 2: COMPUTER HARDWARE TOOLS PROPER USAGE AND MAINTENANCE Proper Use of Hand Tools Technician toolkits contains vanious hand tools used for troubleshooting and repairing computers. Here are some tips to properly use the hand tools: Hand tools Tips for properly use of hand tools ® Each screw matches with the correct screwdriver. Place the screwdriver tip onto the screw end. Switch the clockwise screwdriver to twist the screw and Screw push the screw in counterclockwise. drivers «= if you overtighten them with a screwdriver, the screws may get stripped. A stnipped pin can get trapped in the hole of the bolt, or may not securely secure. Discard screws off. Flat head @ = if you are dealing with a slotted bolt, using a flat head screwdriver. Do not s iver use a flathead screwdriver to loosen a head screw at Phillips\_ « Using a screwdriver never as a pry bar. If you can\'t uninstall an item, test and see ifa clip or lock is in position to protect the object. Phillips head ® Using a screwdriver or Phillips head and crosshead screws. Should screwdriver not use this sort of screwdnver to have it punctured. This would hurt the screwdrivers handle. ; ® To loosen and tighten bolts with a hexagonal (six-sided) head, use a hex Hex driver driver. Hex bolts should not be over-tight, as the bolts\' threads can be stripped. Do not use the hex driver which is too big for the bolt you are using. Part retriever, Needle-nose \| \* You should use the component retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers pliers, or to position and remove pieces that could be impossible to touch with your tweezers fingertips. When using such materials, do not smash or touch any parts. Proper use of Cleaning Materials/Tools Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can cause problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical components. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat. This insulation will impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to overheat and fail. Components to be Tips for proper use of cleaning materials/tools cleaned Computer ® Clean computer cases and monitor outdoors on a damp, lint-free cloth with c d a mild cleaning solution. To create the cleaning solution, mix one drop of Monit an dishwashing liquid and four ounces of water. When some water drips within onitors the device, give the liquid to dry enough time before tuming on the machine. ® Donotuse ammonized glass cleaners on an LCD screen or any other solution LCD Screens unless the cleaner is specifically designed for that purpose. Harsh chemicals damage the on-screen coating. Such displays are not covered by glass, so be careful when washing them, and don\'t click tightly on the screen. \* Clean the contacts on isopropyl alcohol components. Don\'t use alcohol to Component rub. Alcohol rubbing includes impurities which may affect contacts. Make Contacts sure the contacts receive no lint from the fabric or cotion swab. Blow some lint off the compressed air contacts before reinstalling Keyboard ® Clean adesktop keyboard with compressed air ora small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment ® Using a glass cleaner and a fluffy towel to brush the mouse outside. De not Mouse sprinkle glass cleaner directly on your mouse. If you clean a ball mouse, you can remove the ball and clean it with a soft cloth and a glass cleaner. Wipe the rollers with the same rag, wipe inside the cursor. Do not sprinkle any liquids in the mouse. TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE All teols and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance program is: 1\. well organized and scheduled, 2\. controls hazards, 3\. defines operational procedures, and 4\. trains key personnel. The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific inspection and maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed and those guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipmentitools should be tagged and removed from service. Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement. General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include: 1\. Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer 2\. Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required 3\. Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic) 4\. Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted 5\. Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are kept 6\. Setup a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT 'Good practices include: \|. Parts should be properly stored and labeled. 2\. Tools should be properly placed on the board, and labeled. Consider drawing the shapes of the tools on the board so that they always get put back in the same position. 3\. Use bins for storing small parts. 4\. Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance of tools and parts. Benefits: \|. Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find 2\. Costs are reduced. 3\. Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and equipment. 4\. Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY INTRODUCTION One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer system servicing is to independently assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up a PC. After familiarizing with all the tools, devices, peripherals and safety precautions \| believe that you are now ready to gain another experience in CSS by going through this lesson. TOPIC 1: DISASSEMBLE OF COMPUTER Step1. Unplugging The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in to your computer. That includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, intemet, Ethernet, Modem, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes. https://wwew.techrepublic.com/biog/five-apps/five-apps-to-help-you-unplug-for-the-holidays/ Step 2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case First, unscrew the four screws at the back of the computer. On most computer cases, there will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver on the back-night side of the computer. The left side has small screws because on that side you can\'t access much on the inside. Figure 32. Screw at the back of computer chasis Figure 33. Removing the side panel Step 3. Removing the System Fan First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled \"SYS\_FAN1\". Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the PC. 4 6S System Fan Step 4. Removing the CPU Fan The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward place that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily find it. It is labelled \"CPU FAN1\". To remove the fan from th heat sink, remove the four screws securing it in place. Step 5. Power Supply Unplug every wire coming from the power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power. Step 6. CD/ DVD Drive(s) Unplug the IDE or SATA cable from the back of the drive. Once that is completed, pull on the tab securing the drive-in place, then push it out from the inside. Step 7. Hard Drive Unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive. The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out. Step 8. Memory RAM To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place which located at the both ends of the RAM. Step 9. Motherboard The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are indicated by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of the frame. TOPIC 2: ASSEMBLE OF COMPUTER Step 1. Prepare your workplace hat all bedirra Take Inventory Make Space, Make Time Prepare Grounding Protection Have the Drivers Ready Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard 1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard. First, take the board out of its packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag.. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis, inspect it carefully for any visible defects.. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are extremely helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Step 3. Install the CPU 1\. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is usually a lever. 2\. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will fit only when oriented the proper way. An arrow or a missing pin on one corner of the chip will show you how to line things up. 3\. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks. 4\. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place. Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink 1\. Follow the manufacturer\'s directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you may need to spread a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this grease already applied). 2\. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can visit the manufacturer\'s website for more information. 3\. Plug the CPU fan\'s power connector into the proper connector on the motherboard. Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules) In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the proper sockets and push down firmly but evenly until the clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your motherboard supports dual channel memory, consult the user manual to determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and the CPU are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these components is the most important decision you\'ll make. Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case 1. 2. Step 7. 2: Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the screws holding it in place and pull it out of the case. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard, and screw brass standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual and follow their instructions to the letter). Place the motherboard into the case Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on your motherboard\'s back panel match the holes on the case\'s Input/output (I/O) shield that is installed in your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times with the butt- end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that came with the new motherboard. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs, line up all the holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard back into the case and then secure the tray. Figure 50. Case\'s \| 0 Shield Figure 51. Mount the Motherboard Step 8. Connect the Power Supply 1. First, plug the large ATX power connector from your power supply into the matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (you cannot miss it - itis the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard. Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your motherboard\'s manual for the exact locations. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel connectors. 4\. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches, the hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small pieces. Step 9. Install Graphics / Video Cards 1\. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot (the metal piece where the monitor connector will emerge). 2\. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw. Step 10. Install Internal Drives 1\. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them in the case. A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its own parallelATA channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or cages to house drives. 2\. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make sure that its front is flush with the case. Step 11. Install the Add- in Cards 1\. For each add-in card, you must ° choose a free PC! slot. \< 2\. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case. 3\. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the card. 4\. Secure the card with a screw.