Thrombosis and Embolism PDF

CIRCULATORY DISORDERS BY Nanis Shawky Holah Professor of pathology Faculty of medicine Menoufia University 1-Thrombosis 2-Embolism 3-Ischemia 4-Odema 5- Gangrene 6-Shock  Thrombosis Formation of a compact mass composed of the elements of the...

CIRCULATORY DISORDERS BY Nanis Shawky Holah Professor of pathology Faculty of medicine Menoufia University 1-Thrombosis 2-Embolism 3-Ischemia 4-Odema 5- Gangrene 6-Shock  Thrombosis Formation of a compact mass composed of the elements of the circulating blood inside a vessel or heart cavity during life.  Causes of thrombosis (VIRCHOW’S TRIAD) 1- Endothelial injury. 2- Alteration in normal blood flow. 3- Hypercoagulability. CLASSIFICATION OF THROMBI 1- Color : pale, red & mixed 2- Size : non-occlusive, occlusive and propagating thrombi 3- Septic or aseptic 4- Site of thrombosis: A. Arterial B. Cardiac  1- Mural: over a myocardial infarct  2- Vegetation : over cardiac valves C. Venous thrombi ( phlebothrombosis & thrombophlebitis ) Coronary artery thrombosis Arterial thrombi Cardiac vegetation Mural thrombus Cardiac thrombi  Thrombophlebitis Phlebothrombosis Definition Thrombus in inflamed Non inflamed vein vein Incidence Less More common Types -Septic: appendicitis Calf veins: in heart failure, varicose - Aseptic: irradiation vein. Complication Septic Thromboembolism thromboembolism  Fate and Complication of Thrombi 1- Propagation. 2- Embolization. 3- Dissolution: in recent thrombi. 4- Organization and recanalization: in older thrombi 5- Cacification of venous thombi (phlebolith).  Clotting Transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin Outside CVS Inside CVS Hemorrhage -Thrombosis After death -propagating thrombus. Embolism  Embolus: a detached and circulating intravascular mass that circulate in the blood to a site distant from its point of origin. Embolism: impaction of the embolus in a blood vessel. TYPES OF EMBOLI Fat emboli Gas embolism Tumor emboli  Foreign body emboli Amniotic fluid emboli 1- Thrombophlebitis is: a) cardiac thrombosis b) thrombosis in inflamed vein c) thrombosis in inflamed artery d) vein thrombosis due to blood stagnation e) thrombosis in uninflamed vein  1- Thrombophlebitis is: a) cardiac thrombosis b) thrombosis in inflamed vein c) thrombosis in inflamed artery d) vein thrombosis due to blood stagnation e) thrombosis in uninflamed vein  2- A thrombus over a myocardial infarct is called: A. mural thrombus B. Arterial thrombus C. vegetations D. phlebothrombosis E. thrombophlebitis. 2- A thrombus over a myocardial infarct is called: A. mural thrombus B. arterial thrombus C. vegetations D. phlebothrombosis E. thrombophlebitis.  3- Regarding to thrombosis: what is the missing at the apex of the above triangle: A. Stasis B. Turbulence C. Myocardial infarction D. Endothelial cell injury E. Oral contraceptive pills  3- Regarding to thrombosis: what is the missing at the apex of the above triangle: A. Stasis B. Turbulence C. Myocardial infarction D. Endothelial cell injury E. Oral contraceptive pills Compare between thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis  Thrombophlebitis Phlebothrombosis Definition Thrombus in inflamed Non inflamed vein vein Incidence Less More common Types -Septic: appendicitis Calf veins: in heart failure, varicose - Aseptic: irradiation vein. Complication Septic Thromboembolism thromboembolism