Theories-And-Perspective.pdf

2024 Theories And Perspective 1 The Group Kimberly T. Lenchie Nahine Alingig Janus Delta Bacalla 2024...

2024 Theories And Perspective 1 The Group Kimberly T. Lenchie Nahine Alingig Janus Delta Bacalla 2024 2 The Group Ira Lois Jaynaiza Barba Ardimer Lahoylahoy Myrjille Gabrillo 2024 3  2024 General Systems Theory By: Ludwig von Bertalanffy 4  2024 Is a holistic approach that focuses on Historical Data the behavior of individuals and society by studying relationships among individuals, groups, organizations, or communities and environmental factors which influence those relationships. 09/17/2024 5  2024 Historical Figures Ludwig von Bertalanffy General Systems Theory (GST) was introduced by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the 1940s and 1950s. Bertalanffy developed this theory to explain the interrelationships between various systems in the natural and social sciences. 6  2024 Ludwig von Bertalanffy Systems theory has original roots in the physical sciences and can be traced back to the concepts of Darwin, Einstein, Freud, Weber, Kant & Hegel (Turner, 2011) Ludwig von Bertalanffy 7  General Systems Theory (GST): A conceptual framework that views complex entities as systems composed of interrelated and interdependent parts. These parts work together in a process of input, Definitions throughput, and output, with feedback mechanisms ensuring the system's stability and adaptability. System: A set of elements standing in interrelation among themselves and with the environment. Subsystem: A smaller part of the larger system, which can itself be treated as a system. Feedback: Information about the output of a system that is returned to the system to regulate its function. 09/17/2024 8  Theory or Process or Laws GST operates on the idea that systems, whether living organisms, machines, or social structures, behave according to similar principles:  Wholeness and Interaction Systems function as wholes, and the relationships between parts are as crucial as the individual parts themselves. 09/17/2024 10  Hierarchy Systems exist within other systems, forming hierarchies. For instance, a cell is part of a tissue, a tissue part of an organ, and an organ part of a body. 09/17/2024 11 Equifinality Different methods can achieve the same result, meaning systems have multiple pathways to reach their goals. 12  Homeostasis Systems maintain balance through feedback and adapt to environmental changes for survival. 13 International Realities in Relation to the Topic Globally, General Systems Theory is used across multiple disciplines, including economics, politics, and ecology.  Economics GST explains the interconnectedness of markets, where shifts in one economy can affect another due to global trade networks. 09/17/2024 15  Environmental science General Systems Theory (GST) helps understand ecosystems and how changes in one part (e.g., climate) affect the whole (biodiversity, food chains). 09/17/2024 16 Technology and Cybersecurity GST helps model how different systems (hardware, software, networks) function together, ensuring the security and efficiency of global digital infrastructure. 17  National or Local Realities in Relation to the Topic In the Philippines, General Systems Theory can be seen in various fields such as governance, healthcare, and disaster management.  The Philippine government operates as a system of interrelated agencies, where changes in policy or leadership in one department impact others. For instance, the Department of Health's policies on COVID-19 are closely tied to economic decisions by the Department of Trade and Industry. Governance 19  The Philippine healthcare system, particularly in rural areas, relies on the interaction between: Local health units, Healthcare Provincial hospitals, and National health policies to deliver services. 20  The systems approach is crucial in addressing natural disasters like typhoons. The coordination between: Local governments, Disaster National agencies, and Management International aid organizations ensures efficient disaster response and recovery. 21 Social Work in Relation to the Topic Social work operates on the principles of GST by viewing individuals as parts of larger systems, such as families, communities, or societies. Social workers assess how each part affects the whole and vice versa. 23  Key applications of GST in social work include: Social workers often use this approach to understand family dynamics, where each family member plays a role that impacts the others. Issues such as abuse, addiction, or neglect are understood not in isolation but as part of a dysfunctional system. 09/17/2024 24  Community Interventions When working with marginalized populations, social workers consider the interaction of economic, social, and political systems that contribute to poverty or inequality. 09/17/2024 26  Policy Advocacy Social workers often engage in systemic advocacy, working to change laws or policies that affect vulnerable populations. For instance, systemic issues like unemployment or lack of healthcare access are addressed at multiple levels—local, national, and international. 09/17/2024 27  Topic Summary 2024 09/17/2024 28  2024 Ecological Systems Theory By: Urie Bronfenbrenner 29  2024 Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) The founder of Ecological Systems Theory. Bronfenbrenner's work began in the mid-20th century, focusing on the interaction between individuals and their environments. Key Milestones: 1979: Bronfenbrenner published The Ecology of Human Development, detailing the theory. He expanded the focus on environmental factors influencing human development rather than individual traits. Urie Bronfenbrenner 30  Definition Ecological Systems Theory (EST): A theory that explains how a person's development is affected by different environmental systems. It suggests that human development is influenced by different layers of environment, from immediate surroundings to broad societal factors. 09/17/2024 31  The Five Layers: 1. Microsystem: Immediate environments (family, school, peers). 2. Mesosystem: Interactions between different microsystems (e.g., a parent-teacher relationship). 3. Exosystem: External settings that indirectly influence development (e.g., parental workplace). 4. Macrosystem: Broader cultural values, laws, and resources. 5. Chronosystem: The dimension of time, which includes life transitions and historical events. 09/17/2024 32  Theory or Process 2024 or Laws Dynamic Interaction EST emphasizes the dynamic interplay between the individual and the environment. It views development as a process that happens over time, influenced by shifting environments and experiences. 09/17/2024 33  2024 Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) Model Developed later by Bronfenbrenner, it emphasizes four components in development: - Process (interaction between individual and environment), - Person (individual’s characteristics), - Context (systems), and - Time (life events and transitions). 09/17/2024 34 International Realities in Relation to the Topic  Application in Global Child Development International organizations like UNICEF apply the principles of EST to understand how children’s development is shaped by their social, economic, and cultural environments. 09/17/2024 36  Global Environmental Policy EST is also used to study the impact of global environmental changes on human well-being, such as climate change, which affects broader systems (macrosystems) influencing societal structures. 09/17/2024 37  Cross-Cultural The theory has been used to analyze Studies differences in: child-rearing practices, educational systems, and family structures across cultures. 09/17/2024 38  National or Local Realities in Relation to the Topic 09/17/2024 39  The application of EST helps to understand the impact of local educational reforms on: Student Development, Philippine Educational Analyzing how local policies (macrosystem) and System Family structures (microsystem) influence student performance. 40 09/17/2024 41  EST helps frame how economic challenges affect child Poverty and development in the Philippines, where factors like family income (exosystem) and community support Development (mesosystem) shape opportunities. 42  43 09/17/2024  Social Work in Relation to the Topic 09/17/2024 44  Systems Approach in Social Work EST supports social workers in considering the multiple systems that affect an individual's life. It enables them to see beyond the immediate issues and address underlying systemic problems. 09/17/2024 45  Intervention Strategies Social workers use EST to create more holistic interventions, ensuring that efforts in one system (e.g., the family) are coordinated with other systems (e.g., school or community resources). 09/17/2024 46 09/17/2024 47  Child Welfare Services In child welfare, EST is crucial for understanding how a child’s home environment, school, and larger societal factors all contribute to their development and well-being. 09/17/2024 48 Strengths/Empowerment Perspectives A perspective which support the development of innate abilities and recognize differences in a positive manner are also helping social workers increase the individual client's capacity to learn to use his or her own systems constructively. 49 50  Origins of Strengths/Empowerment Perspectives Originated from movements such as the civil rights, feminist, and anti-oppressive movements, which aimed to address the marginalization of oppressed groups. These movements advocated for the recognition of individuals’ inherent strengths and capacities, focusing on empowerment rather than dependency. This shift marked a departure from traditional problem-focused models of social work, which often overlooked the abilities and resources that clients possess. 09/17/2024 51  2024 Historical Figures Dennis Saleebey (1936-2014) Was a pivotal figure in developing the Strengths Perspective in social work, which shifts focus from problems to clients' strengths and resources. His book, The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice, remains influential in guiding social work toward a more holistic, positive approach. 09/17/2024 52  Strengths Perspective: A social work approach that focuses on individuals' strengths, resilience, and capacities rather than their deficits or Definitions problems. It encourages empowerment by fostering autonomy and problem-solving skills. Empowerment Perspective: Rooted in the belief that individuals and communities can gain control over their circumstances through self- determination and active participation in decision-making processes. 09/17/2024 53  Theory, Process, or Laws The Strengths/Empowerment Perspective in social work combines two key approaches: Strengths Perspective: Focuses on identifying and building upon individuals' inherent strengths, abilities, and resilience. Empowerment Perspective: Aims to help individuals and communities gain control over their lives by participating in decision-making and overcoming systemic barriers. In practice, this perspective is applied through strengths-based case management, ensuring clients have access to community resources and supportive networks. Laws and policies in areas like housing, education, and healthcare support the empowerment of vulnerable populations by promoting equal opportunities and social justice. 09/17/2024 54  International Realities Global Application: Strengths-based and empowerment approaches are used worldwide to help individuals and communities use their existing abilities to overcome challenges. In developing countries, these approaches are applied in community development projects. In Western nations, strengths-based models support social inclusion programs for marginalized groups like refugees or people with disabilities. In Canada, refugees are helped by identifying their skills and connecting them with jobs, promoting their integration into society.  International Realities UN and Empowerment: The United Nations supports empowerment through global initiatives aimed at poverty reduction, gender equality, and human rights. UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on reducing poverty, improving education, and promoting equality by empowering marginalized populations through access to resources and opportunities. UN Women’s programs work globally to empower women by addressing issues like gender-based violence and lack of education. These programs build on women's strengths and help them become leaders in their communities.  National or Local Philippine Context: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Realities (4Ps): A government program that provides cash transfers to low-income families in exchange for commitments like sending children to school and attending health check-ups. This empowers families to break the cycle of poverty by building on their strengths and improving access to education, healthcare, and nutrition. 09/17/2024 57  Local Grassroots Efforts and NGOs: National or Local Indigenous Peoples: NGOs work with Realities indigenous communities to preserve cultural identity while improving access to education, healthcare, and livelihoods. Programs leverage traditional knowledge and skills for sustainable development. Urban Poor Communities: Strengths-based approaches focus on community resources like informal economic activities. Programs provide skills training, microfinance opportunities, and housing assistance to improve economic stability and living conditions. 09/17/2024 58  Community Empowerment: Rural and Urban Empowerment: Grassroots movements and NGOs collaborate with local National or Local governments to implement community-based projects, like livelihood programs or Realities environmental initiatives, helping communities take control of their progress. Fisherfolk Empowerment: Programs train fisherfolk in sustainable fishing and provide market access, improving income and promoting environmental responsibility. Women's Empowerment in Rural Areas: Programs focus on leadership skills, financial literacy, and access to health services, ensuring women play active roles in community development. 09/17/2024 59  Social Work in Relation to the Topic Application in Social Work: Client Collaboration: Building on Strengths: Social workers work closely with clients as active Focus is on identifying and leveraging clients' participants in their own change process. strengths, skills, and resources. Emphasis is on mutual respect and trust, Moves away from problem-focused approaches, allowing clients to take ownership of their goals helping clients gain confidence and motivation. and solutions. 09/17/2024 60  Social Work in Relation to the Topic Challenges: Benefits: Systemic Barriers: Issues like poverty and Improved Client Outcomes: Clients often discrimination can limit clients' abilities to use their experience increased motivation, resilience, and strengths. satisfaction. Power Imbalances: Creating a balanced client- Increased Community Resilience: Strengths-based worker relationship can be difficult, especially if approaches can enhance community collaboration clients are used to relying on authority figures. and collective strength. Limited Resources: Insufficient resources can Enhanced Client-Worker Relationship: Builds trust hinder the ability to fully support strengths-based and engagement, improving the effectiveness of interventions. interventions. 09/17/2024 61 End of Presentation 62