The Skull and its Landmarks Part A - OCR PDF

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be 1.1.5 discussing the skull and learning the 9.1 various components of 9.2 the Cranium and associated featur...

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be 1.1.5 discussing the skull and learning the 9.1 various components of 9.2 the Cranium and associated features and why they are important to us 3 Learning Outcomes By the end of Part s 1-5 you will be able to: Name the bones of the Cranium & their Sutures Label views of the cranium Identify the bony features of the Sphenoid bone Identify the bony features of the Ethmoid bone Discuss the relevance of the Infratemporal & 4 Pterygopalatine Fossa’s Formative Assessment There will be a Formative Assessment at the end of all the lectures. This will need to be completed and returned to Mrs Watson 5  Definition The skull or Cranium is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. The skull consists of 22 individual bones.  The Skull is made of 2 sections Neurocranium – These are the Viscerocranium – These are Cranial Bones the Facial Bones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrpVzSK23Q0 7 En.wikipedia.org Courses.lumenlearning.com  Internal – inner/inside Glossary External – outer/outside Articulate – joining/touching Medial – towards midline Ridge – Raised linear elevation Lateral – Away from midline Foramen – opening/hole to Anterior – Towards the front allow passage of blood/nerve Posterior – Towards the back Fossa – shallow depression Inferior – Underneath/below Process – large distinctive projection Superior – Above Canal – A tunnel through bone Superficial – Nearer the skin Groove – an open channel Deep – Away from the skin Tubercle – small prominent Roof – top elevation Floor - Bottom Eminence – elevation of bone Plate – flat area of bone Tuberosity – bulbous feature Margin – border/edge 8 The Neurocranium Biologydictionary.net Function of the Neurocranium Protection Attachment sites for both origin and insertion of the Muscles of Facial Expression & Muscles of mastication Framework for the cranial and orbital cavities 10 *PAF: Protects All Functions  Lobes of the Brain The Cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe- 11 anatbrain.htm  What are the Lobes responsible for? Frontal Parietal Interprets language, words Personality, behaviour, emotions Sense of touch, pain, temperature Judgement, planning, problem solving (sensory strip) Speech, speaking, and writing (Broca’s Interprets signals from vision, hearing, area) motor, sensory and memory Body movement ( motor strip) Spatial and visual perception Intelligence, concentration, self awareness 12 Psychologytoday.com  Occipital Temporal Interprets vision (colour, light Understanding language and movement) (Wernicke's area) Memory Hearing Sequencing and organization 13 Psychologytoday.com  Broca and Wernickes Ar Wernicke's area: lies in the left temporal lobe. Broca’s area: lies in the Damage to this area left frontal lobe causes Wernicke's If this area is damaged, aphasia. The individual one may have difficulty may speak in long moving the tongue or sentences that have no facial muscles to produce meaning, add the sounds of speech. unnecessary words, and The person can still read even create new words. and understand spoken They can make speech language but has sounds, however they difficulty in speaking and have difficulty writing (i.e. forming understanding speech letters and words, doesn't and are therefore 14 write within lines) – called Biomedguide.com The Neurocranium - Sutures www.pinterest.com  Coronal suture - unites the frontal bone with the parietal Sutures bones Sagittal suture - unites the 2 parietal bones in the midline The main sutures of the skull Lambdoid suture - unites the are the Coronal, Sagittal, parietal bones with the occipital Lambdoid and Squamosal bone sutures. Squamosal suture - unites The Metopic suture (or frontal the squamous portion of the suture) is variably present in temporal bone with the parietal adults. bones Metopic suture - (if present) unites the 2 fontal bones  Coronal Suture The Coronal Suture unites the Frontal Bone with the Parietal Bones 17 Kenhub.com Sagittal Suture Sagittal Suture unites the 2 Parietal Bones in the midline 18 Enwikipedia.org  Lambdoid Suture The Lambdoid suture unites the Parietal Bones with the Occipital Bone 19 Commons.wikimedia.org Nexusneurosurgery.com  Squamosal Suture Squamosal Suture unites the squamous portion of the Temporal Bone with the Parietal Bones 20 Enwikipedia.org Radiopeadia.org  Metopic Suture Metopic Suture if present, unites the 2 Frontal Bones 21 dx.doi.org Researchgate.net  You're going well! End of Part 1 22 Metro.co.uk