The SELF from various perspectives PDF

PRAYER FOR THE DAY Jesus, thank you for your incredible, boundless love for me. Open the eyes of my heart, that I would see myself clearly. Help me to see my own goodness and to stop comparing myself to others. Lord I pray that I will always respect myself and believe my worth. I ask you Jesus...

PRAYER FOR THE DAY Jesus, thank you for your incredible, boundless love for me. Open the eyes of my heart, that I would see myself clearly. Help me to see my own goodness and to stop comparing myself to others. Lord I pray that I will always respect myself and believe my worth. I ask you Jesus to illuminate any thoughts I think, any lies I believe that it is time for me to renounce and reject in Your name. Lord Jesus free me from all temptation to be unkind to myself, to judge or criticize myself. Draw me in to Your most Sacred Heart and keep me there – safe, free, beloved. I pray in Jesus’ name, Amen! -De Yarrison  Module 1 The SELF from various perspectives What is the SELF? What is your own definition of the self? What does it mean when you examine the self from various lenses and disciplinal views? For this Module, you will examine and reflect upon the Self in you using the 5 major disciplinal perspectives and see how their theoretical viewpoints can help you expand your understanding of yourself.  1. Philosophy 2. Sociology 3. Anthropology 4. Psychology 5. Western/Eastern Thought You are expected to be able to compare and contrast the different representations of the self across different disciplines and perspectives. PHILOSIPHICAL PERSPECTIVES Socrates Plato Augustine Thomas Aquinas Rene Descartes David Hume Immanuel Kant Gilbert Ryle Merleau-Ponty Socrates The self is composed of BODY and SOUL (dual) body and soul are attached, therefore making both parts of our “self” present in the physical realm. HOWEVER, it is the state of the soul, that is, the person's inner being, which determines the quality of one's life. Plato an immortal soul has three parts: rational, spirited, and appetitive (tripartite). 1. Logical/Rational => reason and intelligence => ideally governs the soul with wisdom, striving for truth and the good in life 2. spirited => emotions => must align with reason to ensure a virtuous character; 3. appetitive => basic needs and desires => needs to be regulated by reason to support a balanced life Augustine the human being is a compound of body and soul; the soul is a life-giving element and the center of consciousness, perception and thought—is, or ought to be, the ruling part; The self is imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine (GOD) Thomas Aquinas all our self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us. understanding of ourselves is based on our observations of the world around us. The soul is what makes someone a human Rene Descartes “I THINK, THEREFORE I AM“ (cogito, ergo sum) => The self is a thinking entity, which is an extension of the mind. David Hume A bundle or a collection of different perceptions that constantly and rapidly move every time Our impressions and ideas build our experiences and sensation The self is a combination of all experiences of that particular person Immanuel Kant the self is an apparatus of the mind It is an actively engaged intelligence in man that synthesizes all knowledge and experiences Gilbert Ryle The “self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze, but simply the convenient name that people use to refer all the behavior that people engage in. WHAT TRULY MATTERS IS THE BEHAVIOR YOU MANIFEST IN YOUR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE. Merleau-Ponty The body and the mind are intertwined and cannot be separated from each other. The body is an opening to one’s existence in the world that makes up the subjective “self”. Class Discussion To whose philosophy about the self do you agree more or agree less? …..GO BACK TO YOUR OWN DEFINITION OF THE SELF….. Moving on….. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE the self is a relatively stable set of perceptions of who we are in relation to ourselves, others, and to social systems. It is socially constructed in the sense that it is shaped through interaction with other people. George Herbert Mead The self develops over time as we learn to interpret situations and social activities by “taking on the role of the other“ from childhood through: imitation through language play (pretending a specific role) games (leads to understanding rules)  The “self” (including our thoughts, self-concept, and the wider community we live in) are created through communication referred to as symbolic interaction. “Self” is a product of NATURE-AND-NURTURE process Premises: We do not create ourselves out of nothing. => society helped in creating the foundations of who we are. 2. Others are the reference points of our identity. => whether we like it or not, we need other to affirm and reinforce what we think or who we think we are. 3. What we think is important to us may be influenced by our historical or social context. The Self and Family The family is the primary shaper of one’s self as part of the society. A person learns the ways of living and selfhood by being in a family. The individual’s experience of the family shifts over time. The Self and Peer Group Your socialization with peer groups will have a significant impact (whether small or huge) in your socialization with others. Typically occurs in adolescent years as the relationship with family shifts. “tell me who your friends are and I’ll tell you who you are” may be true in the sociological perspective. The self and other agents of socialization School => students not only learn about academic knowledge, but also share their feelings, opinions, and values during interactions. => As Teachers provide feedback and advice for students, these interactions act as socialization agents and influence the formation of students' self-concept. The self and other agents of socialization Religion => is an agent of social control and thus strengthens social order. => teaches people moral behavior and thus helps them learn how to be good members of society. The self and other agents of socialization Sports => Children can develop many social skills by attending team sports such as leadership skills, communication and socialization skills, team- building skills that will be very helpful throughout their entire lives, in school, in their future job or in personal relationships. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE According to anthropology, the self is both a developed biological and CULTURAL identity. The self is believed to be an animal specie that had evolved to have undergone better brain development, survival adaptation and culture that resulted to behavioral changes. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE A self is born into particular culture and society and adjusts accordingly as in their exposure to another culture (Alata, et al, 2018) Interestingly, LANGUAGE plays a huge role in culture. The expressions of the self through language is almost always with respect or with reference to a specific culture a person has been exposed to. Marcel Mauss The self has two faces: Moi => a person’s basic identity Personne => behaving as someone (being a Filipino, being a Christian or Muslim, being a student, being a son/daughter, etc.) Class Sharing What were you like (physically and socially) when you were in elementary and high school? What are you like now? Who influenced you to be that person? What consistencies and differences have you noticed in your “self”? What remained and what changed? What led you to these consistencies and differences? What is your true “self” like? Sources: Stevens, R. (Ed.). (1996). Understanding the self. Sage Publications, Inc; Open University Press. Understanding the self. Alata et. al. (2018). Rex Book Store ISBN 9789712386701 https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/uts-understanding-the-self-the- self-in-sociological-perspective/242840675#22 https://www.armyacademy.ro/reviste/rev2_2016/Pomohaci.pdf Images: Google.com https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of- batangas/practical-research/the-self-according-to-psychology/16104013