The Life and Works of Jose Rizal PDF

WHY ARE WE STUDYING THE SUBJECT? BECAUSE OF THE HISTORICAL VALUE OF RIZAL’S LIFE BECAUSE IT IS LEGAL /MANDATED BY LAW(REPUBLIC ACT 1425) TO INCULCATE NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM  RIZAL’S HISTORICAL VALUE NOT BASED ON THE WOMEN HE DATED (?)….… BUT HIS HISTORICAL...

WHY ARE WE STUDYING THE SUBJECT? BECAUSE OF THE HISTORICAL VALUE OF RIZAL’S LIFE BECAUSE IT IS LEGAL /MANDATED BY LAW(REPUBLIC ACT 1425) TO INCULCATE NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM  RIZAL’S HISTORICAL VALUE NOT BASED ON THE WOMEN HE DATED (?)….… BUT HIS HISTORICAL VALUE RESTS ON HIS WRITINGS AND SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION IN SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT NOLI ME TANGERE (1887) AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO (1891) HAD A HUGE IMPACT IN THE LIVES OF THE FILIPINOS. HE WAS ONE OF THE FOREMOST INITIATORS OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS  BRIEF HISTORY OF RA 1425/ THE RIZAL LAW OF 1956 SENATOR CLARO M. RECTO AUTHORED SENATE BILL 438/ RIZAL BILL OF 1956 THE BILL PROPOSES THE COMPULSORY TEACHING OF RIZAL’S LIFE AND THE UNEXPURGATED FORM OF HIS NOVELS. IT WAS ALSO TO PROVIDE A CONSTANT SOURCE OF PATRIOTISM FOR THE YOUTH. THE BILL MAKES THE RIZAL COURSE A REQUIRED SUBJECT IN ALL TERTIARY (PUBLIC/PRIVATE) EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THE SAID BILL WAS CONSIDERED AN ATTACK TO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.  THE OPPOSITION THE BILL WAS NEGATED BY SENATOR FRANCISCO “SOC” RODRIGO, DECOROSO ROSALES, AND MARIANO CUENCO. THE BILL WAS MADE PUBLIC ON APRIL 1956 THE BILL WAS OPPOSED BY THE FOLLOWING CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS: – CATHOLIC ACTION OF THE PHILIPPINES – CONGREGATION OF MISSIONS (CM) – KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS – CATHOLIC TEACHERS GUILD  THE OPPOSITION FR. JESUS CAVANA, CM; REVIEWED THE 332 PAGED EDITION OF THE NOLI; AND FOUND 120 PAGES OF ANTI CATHOLIC STATEMENTS AND ONLY 25 WERE PATRIOTIC. THE OPPOSITION STATED THAT THE BILL: – VIOLATED RELIGIOUS FREEDOM – PROPOSED A SUBJECT THAT IS ANTI- CATHOLIC – PROMOTES THE READING OF NOVELS THAT ARE BLASPHEMOUS “THE NOLI AND FILI ARE BOOKS OF THE PAST, BY THE PAST AND FOR THE PAST”. “RIZAL IS DEAD,…… LET HIM REST IN PEACE”.  THE PROPONENTS’ SIDE SENATOR CLARO M. RECTO FOUGHT FOR THE BILL AND STATED THAT THOSE WHO ELIMINATE THE BOOKS OF RIZAL IN THEIR SCHOOL ATTEMPTS TO WIPE OUT RIZAL’S MEMORY. DESPITE THE THREATS THAT CATHOLIC SCHOOLS WOULD CLOSE DOWN RECTO CONTINUED IN DEFENDING THE BILL. SENATE BILL 438 WAS SUPPORTED BY THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS: – REVOLUTIONARY VETERANS/SPIRIT OF 1896 – ALAGAD NI RIZAL – FREEMASONS (ACACIA LODGE) – BOOK LOVERS SOCIETY THE END OF THE DEBATE SENATOR LAUREL MODIFIED THE BILL TO ACCOMMODATE THE OBJECTION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. THE TEACHING OF THE NOLI AND FILI WERE MADE OPTIONAL. ON JUNE 12, 1956, SENATE BILL 438 BECAME R.A 1425 OR THE RIZAL LAW OF 1956. THE BILL WAS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE REIGN OF PRES. RAMON MAGSAYSAY.  WHY IS RIZAL THE FOREMOST NATIONAL HERO? HIS WRITINGS HIS PERSON PUBLIC HONOR (BEFORE AND AFTER DEATH)  WHAT IS A HERO? A PROMINENT/CENTRAL PERSONAGE IN TAKING AN ADMIRABLE PART IN ANY REMARKABLE ACTION OR EVENT. A PERSON WITH DISTINGUISHED VALOR AND ENTERPRISE IN DANGER, FORTITUDE IN SUFFERING. A MAN HONORED EVEN AFTER HIS DEATH.  HIS WRITINGS RIZAL’S WRITINGS, ESPECIALLY THE NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO MADE HIM THE FOREMOST HERO OF HIS COMPATRIOTS AS IT WAS UNIVERSAL ANALYSIS OF WHAT WAS REALLY GOING ON IN THE PHILIPPINES.  HIS PERSON ACCORDING TO DR. SIXTO OROSA, RIZAL’S QUALITIES ARE THE FOLLOWING: AS A CHILD HE WAS OBEDIENT, COURTEOUS, SUPERIOR YET HUMBLE, AND KIND. AS A STUDENT, HE WAS SERIOUS, STUDIOUS, INTELLIGENT, METHODICAL, AND KNEW HOW TO BUDGET HIS TIME. AS A CITIZEN, HE HAD A CONSUMING PURPOSE AND PASSION TO SERVE HIS COUNTRY. AS A MAN, HE WAS COURAGEOUS, WELL DISCIPLINED AND SELF- SACRIFICING. AS A LEARNED MAN, HE WAS HUMBLE  HIS PUBLIC HONOR BEFORE HIS DEATH, FERNANDO ACEVEDO REVERED RIZAL AS THE MODEL OF THE FILIPINOS. TOMAS AREJOLA ON 1891 (MADRID) STATED THAT RIZAL’S MORAL INFLUENCE WAS UNDISPUTABLE. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT CONSIDERED RIZAL AS THE GREATEST PRODUCT OF THE PHILIPPINES WHOSE BRILLIANCE APPEARS ONLY EVERY OTHER CENTURY.  THE KATIPUNAN ESPECIALLY THEIR LEADER ANDRES BONIFACIO ACKNOWLEDGED THE GREATNESS AND LEADERSHIP OF RIZAL. AFTER HIS DEATH, DECEMBER 29, 1897 A YEAR AFTER HIS EXECUTION EMILIO AGUINALDO DECLARED DECEMBER 30 1898 AS RIZAL DAY. LEON MA. GUERRERO AND CECILIO APOSTOL WROTE TRIBUTES TO RIZAL. DR. CAMILO OSAIAS AND WENCESLAO RETANA FROM THE SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE PAID TRIBUTE TO RIZAL. DR. RUDOLPH VIRCHOW FROM THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY ALSO PAID TRIBUTE TO RIZAL ON NOVEMBER 20, 1897.  WHO MADE RIZAL THE NATIONAL HERO? THERE IS NO LAW THAT AFFIRMS RIZAL AS OUR NATIONAL HERO…… SO WHO MADE HIM THE NATIONAL HERO? THE AMERICANS (THEY PROMOTED HIM) THE PEOPLE HIMSELF………….. “The Past decides the future of men” - Jose Rizal  Advent of a National Hero The Birth of a Hero - Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1816, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines. - He was baptized in the Catholic church of his town on June 22, aged of three days old. Gregorio F. Zaide & Sonia M. Zaide, 2014  Father Rufino Collantes- was the priest baptized Rizal. Father Pedro Casanas- His Godfather (ninong). His name “Jose” was chosen by his mother who was devoted of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph) The baptismal certificate of Rizal read as follows: “I, the undersigned parish priest of Calamba, certify that from the investigation made with proper authority, for replacing the parish books which were burned September 28, 1862, to be found in Docket No. 1 of Baptisms, p.49, it appears by the sworn testimony of competent witnesses that JOSE RIZAL MERCADO is legitimate son, and of lawful wedlock, of Don Francisco Rizal Mercado and Doña Teodora Realonda, having been baptized in this parish on the 22nd day of June in the year 1861, by the parish priest Rev. Rufino Collantes, Rev. Pedro Casanas being his godfather. ̶ Witness my signature. (Signed): Leoncio Lopez  Rizal’s Parents Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) was born in Biñan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818. He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.  Rizal’s Parents Doña Teodora Realonda (1826-1911), the hero’s mother, was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 and was educated at the College of Santa Rosa. “She is a mathematician and has read many books”  The Rizal Children 1. Saturnina (1850-1913)- oldest of the Rizal children, nicknamed Neneng; she married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas. 2. Paciano (1851-1930)- older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal; after Jose Rizal was executed, he joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general. 3. Narcisa (1852-1939)- her pet name was Sisa and married Antonio Lopez (nephew of father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong. 4. Olimpia (1855-1887)- Ypia was her pet name; she married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila. 5. Lucia (1857-1919)- she married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas. 6. Maria (1859-1945)- Biang was her nickname; she married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. 7. Jose (1861-1869)- the greatest hero and peerless genius; his nickname was Pepe; during his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong kong. 8. Conception (1862-1865)- her pet name was Concha; she died of sickness at the age of 3; her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life. 9. Josefa (1865-1945)- her pet name was Panggoy; she died an old maid at the age of 80. 10. Trinidad (1868- 1951)- Trining was her pet name; she died also an old maid at the age of 83. 11. Soledad (1870-1929)- youngest of the Rizal Children; her pet name was Choleng; she married Pantaleon Quintero.  Rizal’s Ancestry Rizal was a product of the mixture of races. In his veins flowed the blood of both East and West- Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish.  The Surname Rizal The real surname of the Rizal Family was Mercado, which adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great- great-grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full-blooded Chinese. Rizal Family acquired a second surname – Rizal – Which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend.  A Good and Middle-Class Family The Rizal Family was one of the distinguish families in Calamba. Rizal’s parents were able to build a house which situated near the town church and to buy another one.  Childhood Years in Calamba Calamba was an hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around it. Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and his soul.  Earliest Childhood Memories The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was three years old. Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray. Another memory of his infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town, especially when there was a moon.  Earliest Childhood Memories When he learned to walk, Jose and his yaya, or nursemaid, spent many hours strolling in the garden or by the river. Tales of the supernatural fascinated young Jose almost as much as tales of the natural world. He enjoyed stories about trees bearing diamonds, handsome princess rescuing forlorn damsel, and long- bearded men capturing naughty children. Asuncion Lopez-Rizal Bantug, 2017  Pilgrimage to Antipolo On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage in Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born. After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila to visit his sister Saturnina.  The Story of the Moth Of the stories told by Doña Teodora to Jose, the young moth made the profoundest impression on him.  The Story of the Moth Once there was moth who was fond of the light. It would always go to bright places that attracted him. One night, it was with its mom. They came across a candle light. The moth, attracted to the flame of the candle approached it. Amazed, he circled the light round and round. Its mother upon seeing him circling the candle light warned him. “Don’t go playing near the candle light. You might get burned with its flame.” But the moth did not listen. It was happy seeing the bright of the flame. It wanted to touch the flame so it kept going nearer and nearer to it. Then the moth got burned. It was suddenly hit by the flame. It vanished. Totally disappeared.  The Story of the Moth Years later, while he contemplated his own life, the sigficance of the story came back to him, and he wrote: “Years have passed since then. The child become a man. He has crossed the most foreign rivers and mediated beside their broad streams. Steam ships take him across seas and oceans. He has climbed the region of perpetual snow on mountains very much higher than the Makiling of his province. He has received from experience bitter lessons, as much more bitter than sweet lessons that his mother gave him. Nevertheless, he has preserved the heart of a child. He still thinks that light is the most beautiful thing in creation, and that it is worthwhile for a man to sacrifice his life for it” Asuncion Lopez-Rizal Bantug, 2017  Rizal Artistic Talents Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talent for art. At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mold in a clay wax objects which attracted his fancy. “All Right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people will make monuments and images of me!”  First Poem by Rizal Aside from sketching and sculpturing talent, Rizal possessed a God-given gift for literature. Since early boyhood he had scribbled verses on loose sheets of paper and on the textbooks of his sisters. Sa Aking Mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children) Gregorio F. Zaide & Sonia M. Zaide, 2014  Rizal as Boy Magician Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in magic. With his dexterous hands, he learned various tricks, such as making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers and making a handkerchief vanish in thin air.  Influences on Hero’s Boyhood Hereditary Influence: Malayan Ancestors- Rizal inherited his love for freedom, his innate desire to travel, and indomitable courage. Chinese Ancestors- his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children. Spanish Ancestors- he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies.  Influences on Hero’s Boyhood From his father- he inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work, and the habit of independent thinking. From his mother- he inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the passion for arts and literature.  Influences on Hero’s Boyhood Environmental Influence: The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of the Rizal Family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal. His brother, Paciano, instilled in his mind the love for freedom and justice. His sisters, he learned to be courteous ang kind to Women His Aya, told him fairy tales during his early childhood that awakened his interest in folklore and legends.  Influences on Hero’s Boyhood His three uncles His Tio Alberto, who traveled in Europe inspired Jose to develop his artistic ability. His Tio Manuel, encouraged him to develop his frail body means of physical exercises, including horse riding, walking, and wrestling. His Tio Gregorio, a book lover, intensified his voracious reading of good books.