The Life & Works of Rizal PDF

Information Systems Management - Asian SEED Academy of Technology **THE LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL** Professor: Mr. Mark Joseph Asoy, LPT horizontal line  ===================== Introduction ------------ ***Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda*** was born on **June 19,...

Information Systems Management - Asian SEED Academy of Technology **THE LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL** Professor: Mr. Mark Joseph Asoy, LPT horizontal line  ===================== Introduction ------------ ***Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda*** was born on **June 19, 1861** in Calamba, Laguna and died on **December 30, 1896** in Bagumbayan, Manila at the age of **35 years old.** He is best known for his novels is ***Noli Me Tangere*** (*Huwag mo akong Salingin - Touch me not*) & ***El Filibusterismo*** (*Ang Paghahari ng Kasakiman - The Subversive*). He is the founder of nonviolent reform society ***La Liga Filipina***. RIZAL LAW (Republic Act \#1425) ------------------------------- Approved: **June 12, 1956 / Published in the Official Gazette** THE PROVISIONS of RIZAL LAW --------------------------- AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES ***WHEREAS**, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a rededication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died;* **(GOAL 1 : To redicate the the lives of the youth, to the ideals of freed and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died.)** ***WHEREAS**, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;* **(GOAL 2: To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and world in shaping Filipinos.)** ***WHEREAS**, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused;* **(GOAL 3: To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the works of Rizal.)** ***WHEREAS**, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now, therefore,* **(GOAL 4: To develop moral character, personal discipline and civic conscience and to teach the duties of citizenship.)** **SECTION 1**. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts. The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt forthwith measures to implement and carry out the provisions of this Section, including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers and textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act, promulgate rules and regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the provisions of this Act. The Board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of students for reasons of religious belief stated in a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision contained in the second part of the first paragraph of this section; but not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said paragraph. Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days after their publication in the Official Gazette. **SECTION 2**. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal's other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities. The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the enrollment of the school, college or university. **SECTION 3**. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country. **SECTION 4**. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other person engaged in any public school. **SECTION 5**. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act. **SECTION 6**. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. **FIRST OFFENSE AMOUNT:** 300,000 pesos **BRIEF HISTORY of RIZAL LAW** **NOLI-EL FILI BILL** (Senate Bill 438) **Senator Claro M. Recto** is the main proponent of this bill. The contents of this bill is embodying the values and ideas of Rizal. **RIZAL BILL** (House Bill 5561 \> Senate Bill 438 \> Republic Act 1425) 1. 2. 3. Senate Bill 438, also known as the Rizal Bill, became **CONTROVERSIAL** because it required the reading of Jose Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in schools. The Catholic Church strongly opposed the bill, arguing that the novels contained **anti-Catholic sentiments** and would **harm the faith of students**. Critics within the Church contended that **the novels attacked Catholicism**, with certain passages perceived as offensive to religious doctrine. This led to public protests, pastoral letters read in masses, and opposition from Catholic bishops, who urged the faithful to reject lawmakers supporting the bill. **CRITICISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH regarding NOLI-EL FILI BILL** As per Fr.Jesus Cavanna, out of 333 pages of Noli Me Tangere, 25 pages are nationalistics and 120 passages are anti-Catholic and out of 170 pages of El Filibusterismo, 50 lines are offensive to the Catholic church. As per him, the bill might divide the nation and will affect the faith of the FILIPINO people. **THE ENACTMENT and APPROVAL OF THE "RIZAL LAW"** **Senator Jose P. Laurel** revised Senate Bill 438, which became RA 1425. The revisions required that all of Rizal\'s writings be studied. And students who did not want to read the novels were given the option to ask for an exemption. The unexpurgated version of NOLI and EL FILI could only be studied at the college level.On May 12th and 14th 1956, it was approved on second reading and on the lower house of representatives. And on June 12, 1956, it was approved by **President Ramon Magsaysay** as Republic Act 1425. RIZAL AS A NATIONAL HERO ------------------------ **Criteria for Choosing a National Hero:** *"Pen is MIghtier than the Sword"* **Dr.Otley Bayer**, an anthropologist and technical member of the Philippine Commission recommended the following criteria: 1. 2. 3. ***PATRIOTISM** - love and devotion to one\'s own country.* ***NATIONALISM** - love and affection to your own country (believing that your country is above others)* 4. **WHY RIZAL WAS CHOSEN AS A FILIPINO HERO?** 1. 2. 3. 4. **WHAT is a HERO?** A person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements or noble qualities. **THE PHILIPPINE DOES NOT HAVE A NATIONAL HERO!!!** There are no laws and provision that Rizal is a National Hero. *(President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order \#75, entitled the "Creating the National Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President.)* **HONORS ACCORDED TO RIZAL** - - - - - - **THE PHILIPPINES CONDITION in the 19th century as RIZAL's CONTEXT** **Miguel Lopez de Legazpi** - established the first settlement in 1565 in Cebu. Initially the Philippines was governed by a **Mexican Viceroy**, in the name of the Spanish King but in 1821, Mexico gained independence since then the Philippines was directly ruled from Madrid. Additional infos about the Consejo de Indias (Council of Indies) ---------------------------------------------------------------- The Legislative body of the colonies and in 1681 the Consejo was able to release the *Recopilacion de leyes de los reynos de las Indias* (this law guided the administration of the colonies of Spanish empire. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** During the Spanish Era's political system, Filipinos (referred to as **Indios**), the **Illustrados** *("The Enlightened Ones")*, and the **Principalia** (landowners) were the only ones eligible to run as *Gobernadorcillo*. ***Suffrage (Right to Vote) during the Spanish Era:*** 1. 2. 3. 4. **THE SUPREMACY OF THE FRIARS (The Colonial Government)** **FRAILOCRACY** (*Monastic Supremacy*) - society ruled by friars (priests) - *Graciano Lopez Jaena* 1. - - 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The enemy of the Church will be the enemy of the government (proven thru GOMBURZA). **EREHE** - enemy of Church **FILIBUSTERO** - enemy of government **SOCIAL STRATIFICATION/ SOCIAL STRUCTURE**  The 1 & 2 enjoyed the law & lived in Intramuros (site of power, center of education, & Spirituality). Included in Creoles are *Illustrado* (well-educated Filipino) & *Principalia* (Landowners). The *Indios* are an unfortunate class and are being discriminated. **INJUSTICES EXPERIENCED BY THE PHILIPPINES** 1. 2. 3. 4. - - - **THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM** **Religion** - is the center of education. Men and women have separated schools and they have different curriculums. Mode of learning: Memorization, dialects UST (1611) - the only institution or university level in manila solely for Spanish & Mestizos. **TWO IMPORTANT DECREE ON EDUCATION** 1. 2. - **MEN** - - **WOMEN** - - **RACIAL DISCRIMINATION** **Fr. Jose Burgos said** *"Shall a young man strive to rise in the profession of Law or Theology, when he can vision no future to himself."* Spaniard/Mestizo no matter how stupid they are, they always enjoyed political and social prestige in the community. **SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES & SYSTEM** **The Encomienda System** - **Types:** 1. 2. 3. - - - **Reduccion** - - **Bandala** - **Polo y Servicio** - - - - 1. 2. 3. **Taxation** - 1. 2. 3. 4. **The Tribute (Buwis) or Tributo** - - - - - - **Galleon Trade** - - **NOTES FROM Sir Joseph** [[Lectures from Sir Joseph]](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQFhLnDSY5MKStBcAEsfnAlNYoFr66XZ/view?usp=sharing) Background Jose Rizal, considered as the *national hero of the Philippines* and pride of the Malayan race, He was the *seventh child* in a family of eleven children (2 boys, 9 girls). His father, *Francisco Mercado Rizal*, an industrious farmer, came from Biñan, Laguna while his mother, *Teodora Alonzo y Quintos*, was born in Sta.Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3 he already learned the alphabet from his mother, at 5 while learning to read and write, he already showed talents to be an artist. At the age of 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem. "*Sa aking mga Kabata*". At the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from the *Ateneo Municipal de Manila*. In the same year, he enrolled in the *University of Santo Tomas* in Philosophy and Letters. He finished the course on March 21, 1877, and passed the Surveyor's examination on May 21, 1878; but because of his age, 17, he was not granted a license to practice profession until December 30, 1881. On May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain, where he continued his studies at *Universidad Central de Madrid*. On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 21, 1885, he finished his Philosophy and Letters with a grade of "excellent." He mastered *22 languages*, which includes, Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native languages. A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists,businessman, cartoonists, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, ophthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. In March 1887, his book, *NOLI ME TANGERE*, was published in *Berlin*, and in 1890 he reprinted it in Paris. On September 18, 1991, *EL FILIBUSTERISMO*, the second novel and sequel of the first book was printed in *Ghent*. He founded the *La Liga Filipina* (The Philippine League), a secret nonviolent reform society, on July 3, 1982. It was founded in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as \"*Ultimo Adios* (My Last Farewell)\" which is considered a masterpiece and a living document expressing not only the hero's great love of country but also that of all Filipinos. After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming an illegal association. In the cold morning of December 30,1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been packed with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field with his last word, "*consummatum est*", means, "*it is finished*". **References:** [[https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/]](https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/) [[https://www.scribd.com/doc/21694647/Life-and-Works-of-Rizal]](https://www.scribd.com/doc/21694647/Life-and-Works-of-Rizal) [[Lectures from Sir Joseph]](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQFhLnDSY5MKStBcAEsfnAlNYoFr66XZ/view?usp=drive_link)