The Ankle Joint PDF

THE ANKLE JOINT JOINT CLASSIFICATION: Synovial joint of the hinge/condylar type  At the end of this session students should be able to: Classify the joint and identify the articulating surfaces. Identify points of articulation between tibia and fibula. Identi...

THE ANKLE JOINT JOINT CLASSIFICATION: Synovial joint of the hinge/condylar type  At the end of this session students should be able to: Classify the joint and identify the articulating surfaces. Identify points of articulation between tibia and fibula. Identify structures which stabilize and strengthen the joint Address the matter of intracapsular structures Identify movements possible at the joint Identify the blood supply and innervation of the joint.  Articulating surfaces Distal end and medial malleolus of the tibia, articulate with the lateral malleolus of the fibula as well as with the superior surface of the talus. All articulating surfaces are covered by articular hyaline cartilage.  Structures which stabilize & strengthen the joint Fibrous capsule/joint capsule: surrounds the joint and is attached to the tibia and fibula above the level of the malleoli as well as to the talus. Synovial membrane: lines the fibrous capsule and parts of the joint cavity not lined by hyaline cartilage. Synovial membrane also occupies the space between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.  Structures which stabilize & strengthen the joint LIGAMENTS: 1. Deltoid ligament(a/c medial collateral ligament) which extends between the medial malleolus and the navicular, calcaneus and talus. 2. Anterior talo-fibular between the lateral malleolus and talus 3. Posterior talo-fibular between the lateral malleolus and the talus 4. Calcaneo-fibular between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.  Movement at a joint Flexion : ( o/c dorsi-flexion) Extension ( o/c plantar flexion) In plantar flexion, the joint is also capable of minimal abduction adduction and rotation.  Blood supply and nerve supply Arterial: anterior tibial and peroneal arteries Venous: anterior tibial vein, long saphenous vein, short saphenous vein Nerve supply: lateral popliteal nerve, posterior tibial nerve