Chapter 2 E-Marketplaces: Mechanisms, Tools, and Impacts of E-Commerce PDF

Chapter 2 E-Marketplaces: Mechanisms, Tools, and Impacts of E-Commerce  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the major electronic commerce (EC) activities and processes and the mechanisms that support them. 2. Define e-marketplaces and list their components. 3. List the major t...

Chapter 2 E-Marketplaces: Mechanisms, Tools, and Impacts of E-Commerce  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the major electronic commerce (EC) activities and processes and the mechanisms that support them. 2. Define e-marketplaces and list their components. 3. List the major types of e-marketplaces and describe their features. 4. Describe electronic catalogs, search engines, and shopping carts. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-2 Publishing as Prentice Hall  LEARNING OBJECTIVES 5. Describe the major types of auctions and list their characteristics. 6. Discuss the benefits, limitations, and impacts of auctions. 7. Describe bartering and negotiating online. 8. List the major Web 2.0 tools and their use in EC. 9. Understand virtual worlds and their use in EC. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-3 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-4 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-5 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES e-marketplace An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the three types of e-marketplaces are private, public, and consortia. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-6 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-7 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-8 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES marketspace A marketplace in which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money (or for other goods and services), but do so electronically. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-9 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES E-MARKETPLACE COMPONENTS AND PARTICIPANTS – Customers – Sellers – Products and services digital products Goods that can be transformed to digital format and delivered over the Internet. – Infrastructure Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-10 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES – front end The portion of an e-seller’s business processes through which customers interact, including the seller’s portal, electronic catalogs, a shopping cart, a search engine, and a payment gateway. – back end The activities that support online order fulfillment, inventory management, purchasing from suppliers, payment processing, packaging, and delivery. – intermediary A third party that operates between sellers and buyers. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-11 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES disintermediation Elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-12 Publishing as Prentice Hall  E-MARKETPLACES TYPES OF E-MARKETPLACES – Private E-Marketplaces sell-side e-marketplace A private e-marketplace in which one company sells either standard and/or customized products to qualified companies. buy-side e-marketplace A private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers. – Public E-Marketplaces Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-13 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS Webstore (storefront) A single company’s Web site where products or services are sold and usually has an online shopping cart associated with it. Many Webstores target a specific industry and find their own unique corner of the market. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-14 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS ELECTRONIC MALLS AND LARGE RETAILERS – e-mall (online mall) An online shopping center where many online stores are located. TYPES OF STORES AND MALLS – General stores/malls – Specialized stores/malls – Regional versus global stores – Pure-play versus click-and-mortar stores Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-15 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS Web (information) portal A single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information located inside and outside (via Internet) an organization. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-16 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-17 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS Types of Portals – Commercial (public) portals – Corporate portals – Publishing portals – Personal portals – mobile portal A portal accessible via a mobile device. – voice portal A portal accessed by telephone or cell phone. – Knowledge portals Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-18 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS THE ROLES AND VALUE OF INTERMEDIARIES IN E-MARKETPLACES – Brokers Buy/sell fulfillment Virtual mall Metamediary Comparison agent Shopping facilitator Matching services Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-19 Publishing as Prentice Hall CUSTOMER INTERACTION MECHANISMS: STOREFRONTS, MALLS, AND PORTALS – infomediaries Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information flow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others. – e-distributor An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers) by aggregating the catalogs of many manufacturers in one place—the intermediary’s Web site. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-20 Publishing as Prentice Hall  ELECTRONIC CATALOGS, SEARCH ENGINES, AND SHOPPING CARTS electronic catalogs (e-catalogs) The presentation of product information in an electronic form; the backbone of most e- selling sites. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-21 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-22 Publishing as Prentice Hall  ELECTRONIC CATALOGS, SEARCH ENGINES, AND SHOPPING CARTS EC SEARCH ACTIVITIES, TYPES, AND ENGINES – Types of EC Searches Internet/Web Search enterprise search The practice of identifying and enabling specific content across the enterprise to be indexed, searched, and displayed to authorized users. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-23 Publishing as Prentice Hall  ELECTRONIC CATALOGS, SEARCH ENGINES, AND SHOPPING CARTS desktop search Search tools that search the contents of a user’s or organization’s computer files, rather than searching the Internet. The emphasis is on finding all the information that is available on the user’s PC, including Web browser histories, e- mail archives, and word processed documents, as well as in all internal files and databases. – search engine A computer program that can access databases of Internet resources, search for specific information or key words, and report the results. – Software (Intelligent) Agents – Voice-Powered Search Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-24 Publishing as Prentice Hall  ELECTRONIC CATALOGS, SEARCH ENGINES, AND SHOPPING CARTS electronic shopping cart An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy while they continue to shop. – Product Configuration Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-25 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE auction A competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers (forward auctions) or a buyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-26 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE TRADITIONAL AUCTIONS VERSUS E- AUCTIONS – Limitations of Traditional Offline Auctions – electronic auctions (e-auctions) Auctions conducted online. INNOVATIVE AUCTIONS Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-27 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE dynamic pricing Prices that change based on supply and demand relationships at any given time. TYPES OF AUCTIONS – One Buyer, One Seller – One Seller, Many Potential Buyers forward auction An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers. Bidders increase price sequentially. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-28 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE – One Buyer, Many Potential Sellers reverse auction (bidding or tendering system) Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on a request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism. name-your-own-price model Auction model in which a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other terms) he or she is willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model that was pioneered by Priceline.com. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-29 Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-30 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE – Many Sellers, Many Buyers double auction An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-31 Publishing as Prentice Hall  AUCTIONS, BARTERING, AND NEGOTIATING ONLINE – Limitations of E-Auctions Minimal Security Possibility of Fraud Limited Participation – Impacts of Auctions Auctions as a Social Mechanism to Determine a Price Auctions as a Highly Visible Distribution Mechanism Auctions as an EC Component in a Business Model Auctions for Profit for Individuals Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-32 Publishing as Prentice Hall  WEB 2.0 TOOLS AND SERVICES: FROM BLOGS TO WIKIS TO TWITTER BLOGGING (WEBLOGGING) – blog A personal Web site that is open to the public to read and to interact with; dedicated to specific topics or issues. – vlog (or video blog) A blog with video content. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2-33 Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter 3 Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Products and Services Dr. Mohammad Alsharo LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe electronic retailing (e-tailing) and its characteristics. 2. Define and describe the primary e-tailing business models. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as 3. Describe how online travel and tourism services operate and their impact on the industry. 4. Discuss the online employment market, including its participants, benefits, and limitations. 5. Describe online real estate services. 6. Discuss online stock-trading services. 3-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 7. Discuss cyberbanking and online personal finance. 8. Describe on-demand delivery of groceries and similar products/services. 9. Describe the delivery of digital products and online Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as entertainment. 10. Discuss various online consumer aids, including comparison-shopping aids. 11. Describe disintermediation and other B2C strategic issues. 3-3 INTERNET MARKETING AND ELECTRONIC RETAILING electronic retailing (e-tailing) Retailing conducted online, over the Internet. e-tailers Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as Retailers who sell over the Internet. SIZE AND GROWTH OF THE B2C MARKET 3-4  Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-5 Prentice Hall  Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-6 Prentice Hall INTERNET MARKETING AND ELECTRONIC RETAILING considered commerce Conducting e-commerce where the online channel of a business is integrated with the physical retail business as opposed to being a Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as separate channel. 3-7 INTERNET MARKETING AND ELECTRONIC RETAILING CHARACTERISTICS AND ADVANTAGES OF SUCCESSFUL E-TAILING 1. Sound business thinking, 2. visionary leadership, competitive analysis and financial analysis, and the articulation of a well-thought-out EC strategy are essential. 3. Ensure appropriate infrastructure, particularly a stable and scalable technology infrastructure to support the online and physical aspects of EC business operations. 3-8 E-TAILING BUSINESS MODELS CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL 1. Direct marketing by mail-order retailers that go online 2. Direct sales by manufacturers Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as 3. Pure-play e-tailers 4. Click-and-mortar retailers 5. Internet (online) malls 3-9 TRAVEL AND TOURISM (HOSPITALITY) SERVICES ONLINE SERVICES PROVIDED SPECIAL SERVICES ONLINE Wireless services Direct marketing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as Alliances and consortia Travel-Oriented Social Networks 3-10 TRAVEL AND TOURISM (HOSPITALITY) SERVICES ONLINE BENEFITS OF ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICES Free information Accessible at any time from any place Substantial discounts Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as LIMITATIONS OF ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICES Many people do not use the Internet The amount of time and the difficulty of using virtual travel agencies can be significant Complex trips or those that require stopovers might not be available online 3-11 EMPLOYMENT PLACEMENT AND THE JOB MARKET ONLINE Theses parties use the Internet job market: 1. Job seekers: you 2. Employers seeking employees 3. Classified ads Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as 4. Job agencies: bayt, aktaboot 5. Government agencies and institutions: Online Job Markets on Social Networking: linkedin Global Online Portals 3-12  Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-13 Prentice Hall REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, AND STOCK TRADING ONLINE REAL ESTATE ONLINE Zillow, INSURANCE ONLINE Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as ONLINE STOCK TRADING Commission for online trade is $1 - $19. The Risk of Trading in an Online Stock Account Major risk is security>>> 3-14 BANKING AND PERSONAL FINANCE ONLINE electronic (online) banking or e-banking Various banking activities conducted from home or the road using an Internet connection; also known as cyberbanking, virtual banking, online banking, Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as and home banking. Consumers use e-banking to: 1.Check their accounts 2.Pay bills online (70% of Americans pay at least on bill online every month) 3.Secure a loan online 3-15 BANKING AND PERSONAL FINANCE ONLINE HOME BANKING CAPABILITIES Informational, administrative, or transactional See next slide for details 🡪 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as VIRTUAL BANKS Banks which exist only online: PayPal, 3-16  Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-17 Prentice Hall BANKING AND PERSONAL FINANCE ONLINE ONLINE FINANCIAL TRANSACTION IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES Securing Financial Transactions Imaging Systems: the online system makes an image of Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as every transaction. Fees Online Versus Fees for Offline Services: free, per month, or per transaction. Risks ONLINE BILLING AND BILL PAYING Online bill pay continues to grow 3-18 ON-DEMAND DELIVERY OF PRODUCTS, DIGITAL ITEMS, ENTERTAINMENT, AND GAMING ON-DEMAND DELIVERY OF PRODUCTS e-grocer A grocer that takes orders online and provides deliveries on a daily or other regular schedule or within a very short Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as period of time. on-demand delivery service Express delivery made fairly quickly after an online order is received. 3-19 ON-DEMAND DELIVERY OF PRODUCTS, DIGITAL ITEMS, ENTERTAINMENT, AND GAMING ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT Internet Gaming Online Video Streaming Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-20  Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-21 Prentice Hall ONLINE PURCHASE-DECISION AIDS shopping portals Gateways to e-storefronts and e-malls; may be comprehensive or niche oriented. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as 3-22 ONLINE PURCHASE-DECISION AIDS shopping robots (shopping agents or shopbots) Tools that scout the Web on behalf of consumers who specify search criteria. ''Spy'' Services Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as Wireless Shopping Comparisons 3-23 ONLINE PURCHASE-DECISION AIDS BUSINESS RATINGS SITES TRUST VERIFICATION SITES Recommendations from Other Shoppers and Friends referral economy Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as The effect upon sales of consumers receiving a referral or recommendation from other consumers. 3-24 ISSUES IN E-TAILING AND LESSONS LEARNED channel conflict Situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the traditional channels due to real or perceived damage from competition. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as DETERMINING THE RIGHT PRICE PRODUCT AND SERVICE CUSTOMIZATION AND PERSONALIZATION FRAUD AND OTHER ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES 3-25 ISSUES IN E-TAILING AND LESSONS LEARNED LESSONS LEARNED FROM FAILURES AND LACK OF SUCCESS Speak with one voice: one integrated online customer experience Copyright © 2011 Pearson Prentice Hall Education, Inc. Publishing as Leverage the multi-channels: online & offline Empower the customer: service and information 3-26 1. Describe various e-government initiatives. 2. Understand e-government implementation issues including e-government 2.0 and m-government. 3. Describe e-learning, virtual universities, and e-training. 4. Describe e-books. 5. Describe knowledge management and dissemination as an e-business. 6. Describe C2C activities. 7. Describe collaborative commerce. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-2  e-government E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-3  government-to-citizens (G2C) E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens. – Electronic Voting – Electronic Benefits Transfer Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-5  government-to-business (G2B) E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to the government). – Government E-Procurement – Group Purchasing – Forward E-Auctions Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-6 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-7  ‫مستشفى‬ ‫ديوان خدمة‬ ‫بيانات المواطنين‬ ‫االحوال المدنية‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫دورية شرطة‬ ‫‪Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice‬‬ ‫‪Hall‬‬ ‫‪6-8‬‬  government-to-government (G2G) E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments. government-to-employees (G2E) E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-9  Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE) – These internal initiatives provide tools for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of government operations: E-payroll E-records management E-training Description found in the book, page 265. Enterprise case management Integrated acquisition Integrated human resources One-stop recruitment Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-10 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-11  IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT – Governments want to move into digital era and become click and mortar organizations. – There is a large number of EC applications in government organizations. THE TRANSFORMATION TO E-GOVERNMENT – Lengthy Process E-GOVERNMENT 2.0 AND SOCIAL NETWORKING – Governments often fail to meet users’ needs. Web 2.0 and social network are under experiment and could be the solution. mobile government (m-government) The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to businesses. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-12  e-learning The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-13 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-14  BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING – Time reduction – Large volume and diversity – Cost reduction – Higher content retention – Flexibility – Updated and consistent material – Fear-free environment Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-15  DRAWBACKS OF E-LEARNING – Need for instructor retraining – Equipment needs and support services – Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life – Assessment – Maintenance and updating – Protection of intellectual property – Computer literacy – Student retention Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-16  distance learning Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources. virtual university An online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-17  ONLINE CORPORATE TRAINING IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING AND E-TRAINING SOCIAL NETWORKS AND E-LEARNING LEARNING IN VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SECOND LIFE VISUAL INTERACTIVE SIMULATION E-LEARNING TOOLS AND MANAGEMENT Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-18 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-19 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-20 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21  e-book A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device. – E-books can be delivered and read via Web access Web download A dedicated reader A general-purpose reader A Web server Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-22  Devices for Reading E-Books – Amazon.com’s Kindle 2 – The Sony PRS-200 – Barnes and Noble’s Nook Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-23 – Advantages of E-Books Lower cost Portability Easy search capabilities and links Easy downloading Ability to quickly and inexpensively copy material Easy integration of content with other text Easy updating No wear and tear on a physical book Ability to find out-of-print books Books can be published and updated quickly so they can be kept current Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-24  Limitations of E-Books – They require hardware and software that may be too expensive for some readers – Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of material on a screen – Batteries may run down – There are multiple competing standards Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-25  knowledge management (KM) The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-26  KM TYPES AND ACTIVITIES – Create knowledge – Capture knowledge – Refine knowledge – Store knowledge – Manage knowledge – Disseminate knowledge – Knowledge Sharing Knowledge Application Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-27 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-28  HOW IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RELATED TO E-COMMERCE? – KM and Social Networks Knowledge creation Knowledge sharing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-29  ONLINE ADVICE AND CONSULTING – Medical advice – Management consulting – Legal advice – Gurus – Financial advice – Social networks – Other advisory services Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-30  EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS AND EXPERT LOCATION SYSTEMS – Finding Experts Electronically – expert location systems (ELS) Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and connect with colleagues who have expertise required for specific problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—in order to solve specific, critical business problems in seconds. – Seeking Expertise in Social Networks Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-31 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-32  consumer-to-consumer (C2C) E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-33  E-COMMERCE: C2C APPLICATIONS – C2C Auctions – Classified Ads – Personal Services – Napster and Others—File-Sharing Utilities – C2C Activities in Social Networks and Trading Virtual Properties Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-34  collaborative commerce (c-commerce) The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-35 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-36  collaboration hub The central point of control for an e-market. A single c-hub, representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c- enablers to exchange data with the c-hub. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-37  IMPLEMENTING C-COMMERCE – Example: Design with C-Commerce BARRIERS TO C-COMMERCE – Technical factors involving a lack of internal integration, standards, and networks – Security and privacy concerns, and some distrust over who has access to and control of information stored in a partner’s database – Internal resistance to information sharing and to new approaches – Lack of internal skills to conduct c-commerce Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-38