TFN-2.0 (1) - converted.pdf

OBJECTIVES AT THE END OF THE LECTURE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DETERMINE REALIZATIONS OF DIRECTIONS WITH REGARDS TO NURSING AFTER A G...

OBJECTIVES AT THE END OF THE LECTURE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DETERMINE REALIZATIONS OF DIRECTIONS WITH REGARDS TO NURSING AFTER A GROUP WORK NURSING 100 2. REVIEW AND FAMIARIZE WITH THE DIFFERENT TERMS DEFINED LAST LECTURE. 3. IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORY IN EDUCATION, RESEARCH, AND, CLINICAL PRACTICE. 4. IDENITFY THE FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING: EMPIRICAL, ETHICAL, AESTHETICS, PERSONAL 5. DETERMINE THE SCOPE OF THEORIES AND ANALYSIS ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Nursing Theory Development EDUCATION CLINICAL PRACTICE NURSING THEORY RESEARCH ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 4 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Nursing Theory Development STEPS in RESEARCH PROCESS 1. Statement of the Problem 2. Review of the Literature 3. Development of a Theoretical Framework EDUCATION 4. Identification of Variables 5. Clarification of Operational Definitions CLINICAL PRACTICE 6. Formulation of a Hypothesis RESEARCH 7. Selection of Research Design 8. Collection of Data INTERDEPENDENCE OF 9. Analysis of Data THEORY, RESEARCH 10.Interpretation of Findings AND PRACTICE ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 5 ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 6 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph RESEARCH Review of the Literature – begins by reviewing RESEARCH current information about the problem Research Problem – is an observation, situation, occurrence than an investigator chooses to research. INCLUDES: Considerations: 1. Abstracts 1. Significance of the study 2. Journals and articles 2. Ethical aspects 3. Design of the study 3. Library references 4. Feasibility (limitations: time, subjects, 4. Online database resources, institutions, finances, facilities) ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 7 ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E 8 www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  How to formulate a hypothesis Hypothesis is formulated by rephrasing the objective of a study as a statement. Example 1: Objective: an investigation is to determine if a pesticide is safe. Lesson 2 Hypothesis: pesticide is safe. Example 2: Objective: investigation if using of cellphone while driving can cause accident. Hypothesis: motorist who drive and using cellphone has increase change of accident. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph KNOWING “KNOW THYSELF” OR “KILALANIN MUNA ANG SARILI BAGO 4 WAYS OF KNOWING ANG IBA” -having or reflecting knowledge, information, or intelligence ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  EMPERICAL KNOWING 4 WAYS OF KNOWING “WHAT IS THIS?” “HOW DOES IT WORK?” 1. Empirical 2. Ethics Any scientific research based, theoretical, and factual 3. Personal information that the nurse makes use of. 4. Aesthetic Or Esthetics Example: knowledge obtained from lecture, journals, textbooks, and online resources ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph EMPERICAL KNOWING Characteristics of an EBP Evidence Based Practice as part of Emperical Knowing 1. Client centered 2. Scientifically-based EBP – involves accurate and thoughtful decision making 3. Population outcome based about health care delivery for clients. Based on the result of 4. Developed through quality improvement and the most relevant and supported evidence derived from benchmarking research. 5. Individualized to client’s needs 6. Attuned with system policies and resources ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  AESTHETIC KNOWING ETHICAL KNOWING Related to understanding what is of significance to particular Involves the judgement of right and wrong in patients such as feelings, attitude, points of view relation to intentions, reasons, and attributes of (Carper,1978). individuals and situations. It includes all deliberate nursing actions involving It is also the manifestation of the creative and expressive and under the jurisdiction of ethics and styles of nursing professionalism(Kenny, 1996. ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Sample Test PERSONAL KNOWING Identify the following according to 4 ways of Knowing Encompasses knowledge of the self in relation to others Sir Kevin, a clinical instructor, and self. It involves the entirety of Nurse-Patient Relationship reprimands a student who cheated on a quiz and explains the consequences It involves the therapeutic use of self Personal knowledge is focused on realizing, meeting, and, ETHICAL KNOWING defining the real true self. SELF AWARENESS ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Sample Test Sample Test Identify the following according to 4 ways of Knowing Identify the following according to 4 ways of Knowing Roel, a level 3 nursing student, undergoes Nurse Moses places himself in the patients Psychological Counseling and Self-Awareness shoes when communicating, giving judgement, sessions before his Psychiatric Nursing Rotation. and, providing care. PERSONAL KNOWING AESTHETIC KNOWING ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Sample Test Identify the following according to 4 ways of Knowing Scope of Theories and Analysis David, a nursing student completed his assignment answering all key questions based on 4 conservative Types of theories according to Scope principles of Myra Levine 1.Grand Theories 2.Middle Range Theories EMPERICAL KNOWING 3.Micro Range Theories ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Grand Theories Middle Range Theory Include details specific to nursing practice. They are Are broad in scope and complex in nature known to have narrower and detailed focus compared to They provide different ways of thinking about nursing and grand theories address the metaparadigm concepts They offer a more direct application to nursing and research Example: Dorothea Orem’s Self Care Nursing Theory Examples include: Pyschodynamic Nursing Betty Neumans Systems Model Theory Human to Human Relationship Model Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model Transcultural theory ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Micro Range Theories Scope of Theories and Analysis These are situation specific and limited to a particular population or fields of practice 5 Criteria of Analysis and Evaluation of a Theory – They are known to be the most concrete and narrow in scope 1. Clarity – A linking of concrete concepts into a statement that can be 2. Simplicity observed in practice and research 3. Generality Example: hypothesis – a greatest guess or prediction about what 4. Emperic Precision one wants to discover. 5. Derivable Consequences ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Clarity Simplicity Consistency, semantics (study of meaningful language, A theory must be adequately comprehensive at a level of symbols and logic), and the structure are evaluated abstraction to offer direction Identify the major concepts and the subconcepts. The most useful theory is the one that offers the greatest sense of understanding “is this theory clearly stated?” “how clear is this theory” “how simple is this theory?” “is it easily understood” ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Generality Empirical Precision In this criterion - It is important to examine the scope of “Is the theory testable?” concepts and goals within a theory. “How accessible is this theory?” The more limited the concept and goal is, the less general the theory becomes. The degree in which the concepts are observable in actual This directs whether the theory falls under general or setting. It is in line with the testability and ultimate use of the middle range. theory “How general is this theory?” “How Broad is the scope of the theory” ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Derivable Consequences Criteria Questions to be asked CLARITY “how important is the theory?” “does the theory have a significant contribution to nursing SIMPLICITY knowledge” GENERALITY Nursing theory should give direction to research and EMPIRICAL PRECISION practice, create new ideas, and ought to distinguish the focus of nursing to other professions, DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Criteria Questions to be asked Criteria Questions to be asked CLARITY CAN THE THEORY BE EASILY CLARITY CAN THE THEORY BE EASILY UNDERSTOOD? UNDERSTOOD? SIMPLICITY SIMPLICITY HOW SIMPLE IS THE THEORY? GENERALITY GENERALITY EMPIRICAL PRECISION EMPIRICAL PRECISION DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Criteria Questions to be asked Criteria Questions to be asked CLARITY CAN THE THEORY BE EASILY CLARITY CAN THE THEORY BE EASILY UNDERSTOOD? UNDERSTOOD? SIMPLICITY HOW SIMPLE IS THE THEORY? SIMPLICITY HOW SIMPLE IS THE THEORY? GENERALITY How broad is the scope of the GENERALITY How broad is the scope of the theory? theory? EMPIRICAL PRECISION EMPIRICAL PRECISION Is the theory testable? DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Criteria Questions to be asked CLARITY CAN THE THEORY BE EASILY UNDERSTOOD? SIMPLICITY HOW SIMPLE IS THE THEORY? END GENERALITY How broad is the scope of the theory? EMPIRICAL PRECISION Is the theory testable? DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES how important is the theory? ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph