Test Bank - Chapter 16.2 PDF

**Insight Therapies** 1. **Which technique in psychoanalysis involves encouraging patients to speak freely without censorship?** - A\) Transference - B\) Resistance - C\) Free association - D\) Dream analysis\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Free assoc...

**Insight Therapies** 1. **Which technique in psychoanalysis involves encouraging patients to speak freely without censorship?** - A\) Transference - B\) Resistance - C\) Free association - D\) Dream analysis\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Free association involves letting thoughts flow without censorship to uncover unconscious material. 2. **How does dream analysis contribute to psychoanalytic therapy?** - A\) It resolves conscious conflicts. - B\) It decodes symbols to access unconscious material. - C\) It helps identify defense mechanisms. - D\) It provides behavioral reinforcement.\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Dream analysis interprets symbolic content (manifest content) to uncover latent unconscious desires and conflicts. 3. **In psychoanalysis, what is the term for redirecting emotions from significant people in one's life onto the therapist?** - A\) Catharsis - B\) Transference - C\) Countertransference - D\) Resistance\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Transference involves projecting feelings from past relationships onto the therapist, allowing insight into those emotions. **Humanistic and Existential Therapies** 4. **Carl Rogers emphasized which core component in his client-centered therapy?** - A\) Challenging irrational beliefs - B\) Providing unconditional positive regard - C\) Interpreting unconscious motives - D\) Using aversion techniques\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Unconditional positive regard creates a supportive environment where clients feel valued and accepted. 5. **How does emotion-focused therapy (EFT) differ from traditional client-centered therapy?** - A\) EFT targets repressed memories. - B\) EFT focuses on confronting and accepting emotions. - C\) EFT uses systematic desensitization. - D\) EFT incorporates cognitive restructuring.\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* EFT emphasizes addressing and accepting difficult emotions rather than avoiding them. 6. **Which is a distinguishing feature of existential therapy compared to humanistic therapy?** - A\) Focus on self-actualization - B\) Addressing unconscious motives - C\) Emphasis on confronting isolation and meaninglessness - D\) Highlighting defense mechanisms\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Existential therapy helps clients face existential issues like isolation, freedom, and mortality to promote personal growth. **Behavioral Therapies** 7. **Systematic desensitization is most commonly used to treat:** - A\) Depression - B\) Phobias - C\) Generalized anxiety disorder - D\) Schizophrenia\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Systematic desensitization pairs relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to feared stimuli, effectively reducing phobic reactions. 8. **What is the first step in systematic desensitization therapy?** - A\) Learning relaxation techniques - B\) Immediate exposure to the fear-inducing stimulus - C\) Building an anxiety hierarchy - D\) Cognitive restructuring\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Building an anxiety hierarchy allows the patient to confront fears progressively, starting with the least anxiety-provoking. 9. **Which behavioral therapy technique involves rapid and intense exposure to a feared stimulus without gradual progression?** - A\) Flooding - B\) Modeling - C\) Cognitive restructuring - D\) Relaxation training\ **Answer:** A\ *Explanation:* Flooding directly confronts the most anxiety-inducing situations to help extinguish fear responses. **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** 10. **What is the primary goal of cognitive restructuring in CBT?** - A\) Reducing anxiety by gradual exposure to fears - B\) Identifying and changing irrational or maladaptive thought patterns - C\) Exploring unconscious conflicts and motives - D\) Reinforcing positive behaviors with rewards\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Cognitive restructuring helps clients challenge and replace irrational beliefs with realistic and positive thought patterns. 11. **A client with social anxiety is taught to engage in small talk at social events. This is an example of:** - A\) Flooding - B\) Systematic desensitization - C\) Skills training - D\) Transference\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Skills training helps clients develop practical strategies to improve functioning in social situations. 12. **Which aspect of CBT focuses on increasing awareness of automatic thoughts to challenge and change them?** - A\) Decentering - B\) Relaxation training - C\) Cognitive restructuring - D\) Systematic desensitization\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Cognitive restructuring targets automatic, negative thoughts to develop healthier patterns of thinking. **Mindfulness-Based and Internet Therapies** 13. **Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) uniquely emphasizes:** - A\) Avoiding all negative thoughts and emotions - B\) Changing maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement - C\) Accepting thoughts and emotions without judgment - D\) Engaging in systematic desensitization\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* MBCT combines mindfulness and CBT to help clients observe thoughts and feelings nonjudgmentally. 14. **What is the primary benefit of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT)?** - A\) Reducing face-to-face interactions - B\) Increasing accessibility for individuals in remote areas - C\) Replacing traditional therapy entirely - D\) Guaranteeing equal success across all demographics\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* ICBT makes therapy more accessible, particularly for those in remote or underserved locations. **Group and Family Therapies** 15. **Family therapy often adopts a systems approach, which involves:** - A\) Identifying maladaptive thought patterns in an individual - B\) Examining how family dynamics contribute to individual symptoms - C\) Providing psychoeducation on systemic disorders - D\) Applying flooding to reduce family conflicts\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* The systems approach looks at family interactions and their role in maintaining psychological problems. 16. **What is a key advantage of group therapy over individual therapy?** - A\) It ensures quicker recovery. - B\) It eliminates transference effects. - C\) It provides peer support and shared experiences. - D\) It removes the need for professional oversight.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Group therapy leverages the collective experiences of participants, fostering a sense of support and belonging. **Evaluation and Effectiveness** 17. **Which therapy has shown the most long-lasting effects for anxiety disorders?** - A\) Antianxiety medication - B\) Psychoanalysis - C\) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - D\) Humanistic therapy\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* CBT is effective in treating anxiety disorders, with benefits that outlast those of medications. 18. **Why is the therapeutic alliance important in successful therapy outcomes?** - A\) It reduces resistance in clients. - B\) It ensures therapists interpret dreams effectively. - C\) A strong alliance builds trust and improves client engagement. - D\) It replaces the need for structured therapeutic techniques.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* A strong therapeutic alliance fosters collaboration, enhancing the likelihood of successful outcomes. 19. **Which of the following distinguishes existential therapy from psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy?** - A\) It focuses on exploring the unconscious mind. - B\) It emphasizes achieving self-actualization. - C\) It confronts issues like mortality and isolation. - D\) It uses systematic desensitization for fear reduction.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Existential therapy uniquely focuses on helping clients confront existential issues, such as mortality and meaninglessness, rather than unconscious conflicts or self-actualization. **Reinforcing Adaptive Behaviors in Behavioral Therapy** 20. **Which behavioral therapy technique rewards clients for engaging in positive behaviors, such as attending social events?** - A\) Flooding - B\) Reinforcement of adaptive behaviors - C\) Cognitive restructuring - D\) Free association\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Reinforcing adaptive behaviors encourages clients to develop and maintain positive habits by associating them with rewards. **Integrating Cognitive and Behavioral Components in CBT** 21. **A therapist using CBT for depression challenges a client's negative thoughts and encourages them to engage in enjoyable activities. What does this illustrate?** - A\) Psychoanalysis - B\) An integrative approach combining cognitive and behavioral components - C\) Mindfulness-based therapy - D\) Exposure therapy\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* CBT integrates cognitive techniques (challenging thoughts) with behavioral strategies (engaging in positive activities) to address depression comprehensively. 1. **A client undergoing psychoanalysis resists discussing a specific event from their childhood. How would a psychoanalyst interpret this behavior?** - A\) The event is irrelevant to the client's current issues. - B\) The client is unwilling to engage in therapy. - C\) The event represents a repressed conflict that needs exploration. - D\) The client is expressing transference.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Resistance in psychoanalysis is often viewed as an unconscious defense mechanism to avoid confronting painful or repressed material. 2. **During client-centered therapy, a client expresses deep regret for past actions. What response would Carl Rogers likely offer?** - A\) Interpret the regret as a defense mechanism. - B\) Challenge the client to justify their feelings. - C\) Provide unconditional positive regard to create a safe space for exploration. - D\) Use systematic desensitization to reduce the client's anxiety.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Unconditional positive regard allows the client to feel accepted and supported, encouraging personal growth and self-understanding. **Behavioral Therapies** 3. **A child with a fear of dogs is taught to visualize a dog while practicing deep breathing techniques. What therapeutic method is this?** - A\) Flooding - B\) Systematic desensitization - C\) Cognitive restructuring - D\) Skills training\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Systematic desensitization gradually reduces fear by pairing relaxation techniques with increasingly intense exposure to the feared stimulus. 4. **A teenager with social anxiety is instructed to approach strangers and start conversations. What is the likely goal of this behavioral assignment?** - A\) To test irrational beliefs through real-world exposure - B\) To practice free association in a social setting - C\) To enhance unconscious insight into their anxiety - D\) To identify the root cause of their fear of strangers\ **Answer:** A\ *Explanation:* Exposure assignments in behavioral therapy aim to challenge and reduce anxiety by confronting feared situations and disproving irrational beliefs. 5. **A therapist reinforces a client for attending therapy sessions by praising their commitment and offering small incentives. What behavioral principle is at work?** - A\) Flooding - B\) Negative reinforcement - C\) Positive reinforcement - D\) Cognitive restructuring\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Positive reinforcement involves rewarding desirable behaviors, such as attending therapy, to encourage their repetition. **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** 6. **A client with depression repeatedly tells themselves, \"I'm worthless, and nothing will ever get better.\" A CBT therapist responds by asking, "What evidence supports this belief?" This approach illustrates:** - A\) Free association - B\) Cognitive restructuring - C\) Systematic desensitization - D\) Skills training\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging irrational thoughts to develop more balanced thinking patterns. 7. **A therapist working with a client with panic disorder asks them to keep a diary of their panic episodes, noting triggers and thoughts during the attack. What is the purpose of this exercise?** - A\) To perform exposure therapy - B\) To reinforce avoidance behaviors - C\) To identify patterns in thoughts and behaviors for restructuring - D\) To address unconscious conflicts\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Monitoring thoughts and behaviors helps clients recognize triggers and develop strategies to reframe their thinking and reduce panic symptoms. **Mindfulness-Based and Internet Therapies** 8. **A client using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) learns to observe their negative thoughts without reacting to them. What benefit does this practice offer?** - A\) It eliminates negative thoughts completely. - B\) It encourages clients to suppress emotional responses. - C\) It reduces the power of negative thoughts by fostering acceptance. - D\) It reinforces avoidance behaviors.\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* MBCT promotes nonjudgmental observation of thoughts, helping clients reduce their emotional impact and accept them as temporary. 9. **A rural resident struggling with anxiety completes therapy sessions through an internet-based CBT program. What is a key advantage of this approach?** - A\) It eliminates the need for therapeutic techniques. - B\) It increases access to care in underserved areas. - C\) It guarantees faster results than traditional therapy. - D\) It requires no professional oversight.\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Internet-based CBT increases accessibility, especially for clients in remote or underserved areas. **Group and Family Therapies** 10. **A family therapist observes that a teenager's rebellious behavior increases when parents argue. How might the therapist address this issue?** - A\) Focus solely on changing the teenager's behavior. - B\) Highlight how family dynamics influence individual behaviors. - C\) Encourage the teenager to engage in free association. - D\) Use flooding to reduce the teenager's rebellious tendencies.\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* Family therapy examines how family systems and interactions contribute to individual behaviors and conflicts. 11. **In group therapy, a participant shares their experience with anxiety and receives supportive feedback from peers. What therapeutic mechanism does this demonstrate?** - A\) Unconditional positive regard - B\) Skills training - C\) Normalization through shared experiences - D\) Systematic desensitization\ **Answer:** C\ *Explanation:* Group therapy provides normalization and support by allowing participants to realize they are not alone in their struggles. **Evaluation and Effectiveness** 12. **A client undergoing CBT reports feeling better after just two sessions. The therapist attributes this to the strong rapport they have built. This demonstrates the importance of:** - A\) Free association - B\) The therapeutic alliance - C\) Internet-based CBT - D\) Flooding\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* A strong therapeutic alliance enhances client trust and engagement, significantly contributing to therapy success. 13. **Research shows that CBT has long-term benefits for treating anxiety disorders. What is one reason for this effectiveness?** - A\) It eliminates the need for medication. - B\) It targets both thoughts and behaviors, addressing the root causes of anxiety. - C\) It is the only evidence-based therapy available. - D\) It relies on group settings for success.\ **Answer:** B\ *Explanation:* CBT's dual focus on thoughts and behaviors provides clients with tools to manage anxiety and prevent relapse.