Test 1 Review.pdf

Test #1 Review Key Terms to Know Calorie: A unit of measure of energy in biological systems Ergometer: An exercise device that allows the amount/ rate of a persons physical work to be controlled and measured Kilocalorie: 1,000 calories Isometric: No change in muscle joint Gol...

Test #1 Review Key Terms to Know Calorie: A unit of measure of energy in biological systems Ergometer: An exercise device that allows the amount/ rate of a persons physical work to be controlled and measured Kilocalorie: 1,000 calories Isometric: No change in muscle joint GolgiTendon Organ (GTO): A sensory receptor in a muscle tendon that monitors tension Concentric Retraction: Muscle shortening Metabolism: All energy-producing and energy-using processes within the body; rate we use energy Bioenergetics: Study of metabolic processes Hormones: A chemical substance produced or released Eccentric: Muscle elongating/lengthening Vo2 Max: Maximum oxygen uptake by the body during maximum exertion Size principal: Asserting size of motor neuron dictates order of motor unit recruitment People Archibald V. Hill: Studied energy metabolism; Studied first physiological studies on runners Peter Karpovich: Helped introduce physiology to physical activity John Haldane: Methods of measuring oxygen during exercise George Fitz: Directed a degree in anatomy, physiology and physical training at Harvard Thomas Cureton: Helped establish a rationale for using exercise to promote healthy lifestyle Elsworth Buskirk: Established Laboratory for Human Performance Research (1974) Eric Hohwu-Christensen: 5 research studies on carb and fat metabolism Per-Olof Astrand: Studies on physical fitness and endurance capacity Jonas Bergstorm: Reintroduced biopsy needle in 1966 John Holloszy/Charles Tipton: Introduced biochemical research; studied muscle metabolism Phil Gollnick: Studied muscle fiber characteristics Birgitta Essén: With Bengt Saltin and Phil Gollnick, published earliest studies on muscle fiber types in humans.  Karen Piehl: Was an early demonstrator that the nervous system selectively recruits type I and type II fibers. Barbara Drinkwater: Was among the first to address issues specifically related to female athletes. Questions; Multiple Choice 1. What is the definition Exercise Physiology? a. The study of how the body constructs and functions are altered when exposed to either chronic or acute exercises 2. An example of an acute response to exercise might be a. A heart rate of 62bpm to 155 bpm during a run 3. What is Homeostasis? A. Cells, organs and tissues working to keep a constant internal environment 4. Most people achieve their highest aerobic capacity when tested on which of these? Treadmill 5. Which of the following statement is true when comparing when working with a treadmill or bike? Cycle ergometers are better for assessing 6. Which of the following is the most appropriate device for evaluating change in someones sub-maximal Cycle 7. Which of the following can affect the bodies acute exercise Last meal Menstrual cycle 8. Diurnal patients relate to: A flocculation that occurs within a 24 hour day 9. The horizontal axis in every graph is reserved for________ Independant 10. Physical educators in a public school setting might use what to test aerobic capacity? 1.5 mile test 11. A research designed a single treatment affecting a group of ages 21-30 and 30-41 is what type of study? Cross-sectional 12. Which of the following is an accurate description of smooth muscle? Found in internal hollow organs (Heart, etc) 13. What is a Tenant? Tenants contain muscle to bone 14. Type ll Fibers are _____ The fast twitch 15. If a type l fiber and a type ll fiber of the same size are stimulated side by side, is type ll going to generate more force than type l? No, they will generate the same because they're the same size 16. The leg muscle fiber from a sprinter vs marathon runner The amount of force generated by similar size muscle is going to be similar 17. Age tends to increase _______ and decrease ________ Type l, Type ll 18. As intensity increases, which order are fibers recruited? Type l, Type2a, Type 2x 19. According to size principal, what motor unit will recruit first for task? The smallest motor unit 20. Muscle contractions that result in a change in a joint angle is called ______ Dynamic 21. During a concentric traction, increases the speed will ______ Decrease four production 22. Carbohydrate serves best as a fuel as ATP production for what? Short durations; high intensity 23. What energy substrate contains the most energy per gram? Fats 24. ATP Production from fat is __________ Slower 25. Many marathon runners hit the wall around mile 20. What does this tell you about their glycogen stores? They are depleted by mile 20 26. Which of these set of factors determine rate of ATP production? Substrate availability 27. The ATP pCR (10 seconds) system would be the primary ATP system for? 50 meter sprint 28. What factor causes fatigue after 1-2 minutes of high intensity exercise? Lactic acid accumulation 29. During a 400m sprint, which two metabolic pathways will be involved? ATP pCR & Glycolysis 30. The relative percentage of contribution of fat & carb utilization during activity activity depends on the exercises: Intensity 31. Which of the following is a response associated with an increase in your oxidative metabolism in an exercise muscle? High heart rate 32. One major limitation to anaerobic (Without oxygen) metabolism is ________ Lactate accumulation 33. White fat may be converted into brown fat with what type of training? Endurance Training 34. The fastest impulse travel on the axons that are: Mivolnanted & large 35. If the net affected of is hyper-polarize will _____ Nothing will occur 36. Which region of the diaphragm oversees homeostatic control? Hypothalamus 37. The primary means by which hormones maintain homeostasis: Negative feedback 38. Which of the following hormones act in opposition? Glycogen 39. Adrenaline concentration increases at ________ Nitric Oxoide increases at a moderate intensity; Adrenaline increases at high intensity 40. During exercise, glycogen concentration are going to _________ Increased 41. Why do plasma-glucose concentration start to pro-longed endurance exercise? Glycogen stores are depleted 42. Which is a consequence of low plasma volume? Heart strain increases 43. The primary purposes of ADH (hormone) is to promote ______ Water retention 44. Aldosterone is released and leads to ______ Sodium (NA+) retention followed by water retention 45. Blood osmolality is sensed by what part of the brain? Hypothalamus 46. Both circulating ghermlin concentrations and perception of hunger decrease after: High intensity for 30 minutes ` 47. Steroid hormones are derived from _________ Cholesterol; soluble Extra Credit: In your own words or illustration explain how food intake is broken down in the body and either used for energy or stored. Pg 53 of textbook