Digestive System Terminology Chapter 3 PDF

The body in Health and Disease Digestive System By Dr. Basma El Awady, M.D Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Learning Objectives 1. Describe important body structure terms...

The body in Health and Disease Digestive System By Dr. Basma El Awady, M.D Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Learning Objectives 1. Describe important body structure terms and their definition and word analysis. 2. Identify body planes, body cavities, quadrants, regions and directions. 3. Describe common pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic terms. Dr. Basma El Awady Planes of the body Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Transverse Coronal Sagittal Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Body cavities Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Quadrants of the abdominopelvic area Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Regions of the abdominopelvic area Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Spine The spine is divided into sections corresponding to the vertebrae located in the spinal column. These divisions are: Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (lower back) Coccyx (tailbone). Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Directional Terms Term Definition Abduction Movement away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts Adduction Movement toward the median plane of the body Medial Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure Lateral Pertaining to a side Superior Toward the head or upper portion of a structure Inferior Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Directional Terms Term Definition Proximal Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body Distal Further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body Anterior (ventral) Near the front of the body Posterior (dorsal) Near the back of the body Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Directional Terms Term Definition Parietal Pertaining to the outer wall the body cavity Visceral Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs Prone Lying horizontal with the face downward, or indicating the hand with palms turned downward Supine Lying on the back with the face upward, or indicating the position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Directional Terms Term Definition Inversion Turning inward or inside out Eversion Turning outward Palmar Pertaining to the palm of the hand Plantar Pertaining to the sole of the foot Superficial Toward the surface of the body Deep Away from the surface of the body (internal) Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Pathological , Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Pathological , Diagnostic and Therapeutic Term Definition  *Adhesion: Abnormal fibrous band that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occurring within a body cavity. Dehiscence: Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound.  Homeostasis: relative equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.  Inflammation: Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and, sometimes, loss of function Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Pathological Terms Term Definition  *Morbid: Diseased; pertaining to a disease.  Mortality: Susceptible to deaths.  Sepsis: Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream.  Suppurative: Producing or associated with generation of pus.  Prophylaxis: Protection from a disease. Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Pathological Terms Term Definition  Regimen: Guidance or directions regarding diet, exercise, or therapy.  Etiology: The study of the cause of a disease or disorder.  Pathogenesis: The study of disease origin and development.  Idiopathic: Any disease of unknown cause  Symptom: subjective feeling noticed only by the patient.  Sign: Objective evidence that are observable Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Pathological Terms Term Definition  Syndrome: Set of symptoms and signs that run together.  Diagnosis: Establishing the cause and nature of a disease.  Tentative diagnosis: The number one consideration of the differential diagnosis (clinical impression).  Final diagnosis: Is reached when the nature of the disease has been identified with a reasonable degree of certainty.  Differential diagnosis : Listing of the more likely diagnostic considerations of a particular pathologic condition.  Provisional diagnosis: Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Pathological Terms Term Definition  Relapse: return or recurrence of the disease after a period of improvement.  Exacerbation : severe or violent stage of the disease.  Remission: a period of time during disease when the patients health improves.  Refractory: resistant to treatment  Prognosis: the prediction of the course of a disease and its probable outcome.  Sequela: is an abnormal condition or complication that arises because of the original disease and remains after the original disease has resolved. Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Diagnostic Procedures Term Definition  Laparoscopy: visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall.  Thoracoscopy: examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs  Complete blood count: common blood test that enumerates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets; measures hemoglobin (the oxygen- carrying molecule in red blood cells); estimates red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Diagnostic Procedures Term Definition  Urine analysis: common urine test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.  Ultrasonography: image produced by high- frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displaying the reflected “echoes” on a monitor.  Needle biopsy: removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe.  Punch biopsy: removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument (punch) Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Therapeutic Procedures Term Definition  Ablation: removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radiofrequency (RF)  Cauterize: Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals  Curettage: scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette (curet)  Incision and drainage (I&D): incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady  Therapeutic Procedures Term Definition Laser surgery: surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues  Radical dissection: surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant to decrease the chance of recurrence (such as radical mastectomy) Resection: partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure Dr. Basma El Awady Dr. Basma El awady Gingival resection Dr. Basma El Awady Curettage Dr. Basma El awady Cauterize facial warts Dr. Basma El Awady