Symbiotic Relationships PDF

Symbiotic Relationships  Symbiotic Relationships ▪ symbiosis - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together) ▪ The word symbiosis can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaning ▪ sym means together...

Symbiotic Relationships  Symbiotic Relationships ▪ symbiosis - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together) ▪ The word symbiosis can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaning ▪ sym means together ▪ bio means life  Types of Symbiosis ▪ There are three types of symbiotic ▪ Each relationship relationships can be shown using ▪ Mutualism (+, +) + , - , or 0 ▪ Commensalism (+, 0) ▪ Parasitism (+, -)  Mutualism ▪ mutualism - a relationship where both organisms benefit ▪ A + / + relationship ▪ Think of a normal friendship where both friends gain something from the The acacia galls are homes to stinging friendship ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree leaves.  Mutualism Flowers and their Pollinators (Example: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.) Mutualism The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.  Mutualism Birds and mammals eat berries and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds.  The Mutualism oxbird gets rid of the parasites on the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a meal.  Mutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals.  Mutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae.  Mutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down the plant material.  Mutualism The corals get food and the algae are protected.  Commensalism ▪ commensalism – a relationship where one species benefits while the other species remains unaffected ▪ A + / 0 relationship ▪ Think of a friendship where one of the friends benefits while the other Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale doesn’t change  Commensalism One species uses a second organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in trees. Orchid in rainforest Venezuela Commensalism Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass and the egrets hang around and eat insects. Commensalism Clown fish get their protection from the sea anemone and the anemone is Commensalism Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by the  Parasitism ▪ parasitism – a relationship where one organism benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) is harmed ▪ host – an organism on which a parasite lives ▪ A + / - relationship ▪ Think of a friendship where Parasitic isopod on fish you might feel used by your friend  Parasitism Ticks and fleas that live in a host animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood are parasites. Parasitism Mistletoe takes moisture and nutrients from the plant while the woody plant has to support itself and the  Parasitism Insects such as mosquitoes feeding on a host are parasites.  The tick Parasitism eats the blood of a human and the human receives Lyme disease from the tick.  Parasitism Vines such as Kudzu growing on Trees  Parasitism Tomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs  The Parasitism tapeworm attaches itself to the intestines of a dog and the tapeworm takes nutrients from the  Parasitism Tapeworm or Hookworms living in Host's Gut